El docente y su Desarrollo Profesional

either the Movement, Industrial Groups, or DLP. S o m e w e r e linked with all three organisations.

B.A. S a n t a m a r i a b e l i e v e s that the DLP w a s p a r t of an ideological e v o l u t i o n which first i n v o l v e d the M o v e m e n t and I n d u s t r i a l Groups. According to S a n t a m a r i a , the M o v e m e n t p r o v i d e d intellectual l e a d e r s h i p for the Industrial Groups. The DLP, in his opinion, w a s f o r m e d as a reaction to the Groups' d i s b a n d m e n t : "The s a m e people made up both groups- the vehicle changed, but the s a m e ideas w e r e still prevalent".36

Bruno De Lea s e e m s to echo Santamaria's views. In his eyes, the DLP w a s a continuance of M o v e m e n t and Industrial Group philosophy: "From my p e r s p e c t i v e , the DLP would n e v e r h a v e come into existence without the ideological b a s e created by the M o v e m e n t and Industrial Groups. I don't think there's any doubt a b o u t that. Certainly, the DLP... could h a v e f o r m e d w i t h o u t i d e o l o g i c a l s u p p o r t f r o m the M o v e m e n t a n d I n d u s t r i a l Groups...[however] it would not have been able to sustain itself".37

A.J. Bailey, who joined the Movement, Industrial Groups, and DLP at v a r i o u s stages, also follows the s a m e line of a r g u m e n t brought f o r w a r d by S a n t a m a r i a and De Lea. He believes that the t h r e e o r g a n i s a t i o n s r e p r e s e n t e d a " n a t u r a l p r o g r e s s i o n " in ideological terms.38 John Maynes, the recently retired President of

3 6 i n t e r v i e w , B . A . S a n t a m a r i a , 5 J u n e 1 9 9 2 .

S a n t a m a r i a s e r v e d as a s s i s t a n t director of Catliolic Action. He a l s o led the M o v e m e n t f r o m its b e g i n n i n g . A l t h o u g h S a n t a m a r i a did not join the I n d u s t r i a l G r o u p s or DLP, he w a s v e r y m u c h i n v o l v e d with f o r m u l a t i n g policies for the two o r g a n i s a t i o n s .

3 7 i n t e r v i e w , B.De Lea, 12th J u n e 1 9 9 2 .

De L e a is c u r r e n t l y V i c t o r i a n S e c r e t a r y of the N a t i o n a l Civic Council(NCC). De L e a joined the M o v e m e n t a f t e r 1 9 5 4 , and stood for the DLP on a n u m b e r of o c c a s i o n s in the S t a t e s e a t of K a r r a - K a r r a and the F e d e r a l s e a l of W i m e r a .

t h e F e d e r a t e d Clerks' U n i o n , agrees t h a t w i t h o u t the i n i t i a l i d e o l o g i c a l s u p p o r t b r o u g h t f o r w a r d b y the M o v e m e n t a n d I n d u s t r i a l G r o u p s , t h e DLP w o u l d n e v e r h a v e c o m e i n t o e x i s t e n c e . F a t h e r P a u l Duffy, w h o served as S a n t a m a r i a ' s p e r s o n a l secretary d u r i n g 1949 and 1950, shares a s i m i l a r opinion.

Each of these v i e w s , suggest a u n a n i m i t y of position: the DLP's b i r t h w o u l d never h a v e e v e n t u a t e d w i t h o u t the ideological 'fibre' initially b r o u g h t f o r w a r d by the M o v e m e n t , and, later, the I n d u s t r i a l Groups. I n order to trace this source of ideological sustenance, four areas need to be explored.

Firstly, no s t u d y of DLP ideology can be r e n d e r e d complete w i t h o u t a r e v i e w of Democratic Labor policy. I n The Democratic Labor Partv, P.L. Reynolds described the DLP as an "...ideologically based and motivated..." political e n t i t y . A s a consequence, argues R e y n o l d s , policy w a s of great relevance to a p a r t y i m p l i c i t l y dedicated to translating its ideological base into reality. Reynolds also points out that the DLP was not a one d i m e n s i o n a l political

B a i l e y w a s a m e m b e r of the V i c t o r i a n L e g i s l a t i v e C o u n c i l f r o m 1 9 5 2 t o 1 9 5 8 , a n d w a s i n i t i a l l y a m e m b e r of the C a i n ( S e n i o r ) L a b o r G o v e r n m e n t . He w a s p a r t of t h e s e v e n t e e n V i c t o r i a n P a r l i a m e n t a r i a n s w h o crossed the floor a g a i n s t t h e Cain G o v e r n m e n t in 1 9 5 5 . He s e r v e d t h e r e m a i n d e r of his P a r l i a m e n t a r y t e r m as a m e m b e r of t h e A L P ( A n t i - C o m m u n i s t ) P a r t y .

3 9 i n t e r v i e w , J . P . M a y n e s , 2 1 J u l y 1992.

M a y n e s j o i n e d t h e I n d u s t r i a l G r o u p s in 1 9 4 6 a n d l a t e r i n v o l v e d h i m s e l f i n t h e M o v e m e n t . Before b e c o m i n g P r e s i d e n t of the F e d e r a t e d Clerks' U n i o n , M a y n e s s e r v e d as S e c r e t a r y of t h e I n t e r s t a t e L i a s o n C o m m i t t e e of the I n d u s t r i a l G r o u p s . M a y n e s b e l i e f t h a t t h e D L P r e p r e s e n t e d t h e ' t r u e ' L a b o r P a r t y w a s h i g h l i g h t e d t h r o u g h h i s association, as a u d i t o r , w i t h the old V i c t o r i a n Executive after the split.

^ O l n t e r v i e w , Duffy.P, 15 J u n e 1992. B e f o r e j o i n i n g the p r i e s t h o o d , D u f f y s e r v e d as S a n t a m a r i a ' s s e c r e t a r y d u r i n g 1 9 4 9 a n d 1 9 5 0 . A l t h o u g h h e n e v e r j o i n e d the I n d u s t r i a l G r o u p s , he w a s a c t i v e d u r i n g 1 9 4 9 a n d 1 9 5 0 as a n a n t i - C o m m u n i s t i n s i d e the F e d e r a t e d Clerks' U n i o n . L a t e r , w h e n t h e DLP w a s f o r m e d , he s y m p a t h i s e d w i t h D e m o c r a t i c Labor's a i m s . P ' The n e m o c r a t i c L a b o r P

entity consumed solely by a desire to defeat Communism. Its agenda was far more complicated. Indeed, had it not been

diversified in its aims, the DLP, he contends, w o u l d not have commanded twenty years in the political l i m e l i g h t . C e r t a i n l y the

DLP's 1972 publication. Guidelines To Policy and Attitudes, highlights the multi-dimensional nature of Democratic Labor

policy. The f a m i l y , economics, social organisation, and issues related to patriotism were all given extensive coverage by the Party.

Secondly, it is necessary to identify a link between DLP policy and populist ideology. The term 'populist', in itself, is difficult to define. The word 'populist' has evolved into an umbrella term used to 'house' a variety of ideologies and political p a r t i e s . T h e A m e r i c a n P o p u l i s t P a r t y , the R u s s i a n Narodnichestvo, Peronism, and various independent movements in Africa have all been labelled ' p o p u l i s t ' . A l l these political

entities have articulated their own definitions of populism. Indeed, as Peter Love explains in Labor and the Monev Power: Australian Labour Populism 1 890-1950. the term remains the subject of debate within the confines of social analysis.^^ However, despite this obvious web of inconclusiveness, some consistencies do seem to exist within the populist debate. Both Gavin Kitching in Development and Underdevelopment In Historical Perspective and

4 2 i b i d p . 3 2 . 4 3 j . T . K a n e ( E d ) , H n i d e l i n e s To P o l i c y A n d A t t i t u d e s , p p . 5 , 8 , 1 0 , 1 4 , 2 2 , 2 3 , 2 8 , 2 9 , 3 2 . ^ ^ P L o v e T.ahour A n d T h e M o n e v P o w e r : A u s l r a l i a n L a b o u r P o p u l i s m I S Q O - l Q ' i O . p . l . ^ 5 i b i d p . 2 . 4 6 i b i d p . 3 . 32

George Brown Tindall, editor of A Populist Reader, bring forward a definition of 'populist' ideology consistent with DLP policy. Hence in accordance w i t h Kitching's and Tindall's presentations, Democratic Labor's v i e w s on the f a m i l y , economics, social organisation, and patriotism could be classed as 'populist' in

nature. Indeed both S a n t a m a r i a ^ ^ and F.X. Duffy- w h o was a

member of the Movement, Industrial Groups, and DLP at various stages- agree that DLP policy was an extension of 'populist'

ideology.

The ideological link between the Movement, I n d u s t r i a l Groups, and Democratic Labor is extended w h e n DLP policy and populist ideology are married w i t h two other factors. Hence thirdly, Movement and Industrial Group directives throughout the

1940s mirrored the defined populist ideology mentioned above, and the DLP policy which later evolved. Both Freedom and later News-Weeklv, which were the mouthpieces of the Movement and the Industrial Groups, consistently projected similar views on the

family, economy, society and patriotism. In Santamaria's words, both the Movement and Industrial Groups were made up of the "same people". The Movement, in his opinion, was at the forefront of promoting 'true' Labor principles. The Industrial Groups were an extension of this cause, as they obtained their 'intellectual leadership' from the Movement. Newspapers such as Freedom and

' ^ ^ S a n t a m a r i a , o p . c i t . S a n t a m a r i a b e l i e v e s t h a i D L P p o l i c y w a s f o s t e r e d v e r y m u c h b y p o p u l i s t i d e o l o g y . S u c h a l i n e o f p o l i t i c a l t h o u g h t , in h i s e y e s , w a s d e d i c a t e d t o w a r d s p r o m o t i n g t h e f a m i l y , p a t r i o t i s m , a n d t h e s m a l l u n i t w i t h i n t h e c o n t e x t of e c o n o m i c a n d s o c i a l o r g a n i s a t i o n . • ^ S j n t e r v i e w , F . X . D u f f y , 17 J u n e 1 9 9 2 . D u f f y w a s a m e m b e r of all t h r e e o r g a n i s a t i o n s ; h i s r e t r o s p e c t i v e v i e w is t h a t e a c h h a d a p o p u l i s t i d e o l o g i c a l l i n k . S u c h a n a s s o c i a t i o n w a s t r a n s l a t e d i n c o m m o n g o a l s