Throughout 2008 a total of sixteen articles mentioning Africa/African foreign nationals were
published in Die Matie. Of these sixteen, the majority (nine) reflected negatively upon
Africa/African foreigners. There were three articles in 2008 which dealt with the issue of
elections and illegal weapons in Zimbabwe, two of these added implicitly to the negative
stereotype attached to Zimbabwe while one shed some much needed positive perspective on
the situation in the neighbouring country. These three articles will be discussed in more detail
below.
In an article entitled Verkiesing gee ons Zim-studente hoop ("Elections give our Zim-students
hope") (Die Matie 09/04/08) a rare firsthand account from a Zimbabwean in Stellenbosch
was published. The impressions that are taken from this account inevitably contribute
negatively toward the image held by South Africans about Zimbabwe.
According to Zimbabwean Sanja Murray, a resident and mentor in the Nerina residence, the
most striking thing about returning to Zimbabwe after a semester in Stellenbosch is the lack
of basic products and services such as water and electricity available to the public in
Zimbabwe. According to Sanja, it is not uncommon to go a week without water and
electricity in the country. The article's title seems uplifting and encouraging, yet the message
left with most readers after reading the article is one of pity and aversion. This is a trend
which can be seen in both Die Matie as well as UCT's Monday Paper throughout the three
year span of the study.
Again on the 23rd of April an article pertaining to the Zimbabwean status quo was published
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praat teen Zim-wapens
("Maties speak out against Zim-weapons") the concern from
Stellenbosch students was made clear by the student representative council's (SRC) chairman,
WJ le Roux. Once again the intention of the article is overshadowed by the overwhelmingly
negative connotation produced by the very first sentence of the article; "Meneer die
President, daar is 'n krisis in Zimbabwe" ("Mister President, there is a crisis in Zimbabwe").
One of the positives which can be drawn from the article comes when the ceremony master of
the event held on the Rooiplein, Tshepo Mvulane, delivered a message of solidarity and
support towards all Zimbabweans present, stating that "we" as Stellenbosch students will
continue to stand by them and will continue to offer support to all Zimbabweans that need it.
The fact that this well intentioned article makes reference to 'us' as Stellenbosch students and
'them' as Zimbabwean students is testament to the construction of an 'us' vs. 'them' mentality
and works against the ideal that all African students are equal. The crux of the article is
basically that we as South Africans cannot stand idly by while shipments of illegal weapons
make their way to a corrupt government in Zimbabwe with the intention of intimidating
already fearful citizens of the neighbouring country. The last paragraph of the article
highlights this fearful attribute of Zimbabwean citizens when it states that some of the
Zimbabweans approached by Die Matie were reluctant to speak to the press for fear of
follow-up.
The third and final article published in Die Matie pertaining to Zimbabwe comes in the same
issue as the previous article discussed and is an interview with one of the more well known
Zimbabwean students on campus. Die Matie interviewer Carline Jansen van Niewenhuizen
speaks with Isaac Ndlovo, a doctoral student in the English department about his feelings
towards the situation in his home country. This article stands out as one of the few which
emphasises the views of African foreigners as opposed to the views of South African
students/politicians which are rife throughout the three year analysis of both Monday Paper
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as well as Die Matie. One of the positive stereotypes which gets mentioned in the article is
that of Zimbabweans being hard workers, as Isaac is a clear illustration of this. Ndlovo
remarks also on the negative stereotypes which surround African foreigners (and black
people in general) as being untrustworthy and sub-standard in their field of work. He counts
himself as one of the lucky few who has made a breakthrough on this front by becoming
respected for his work and work ethic. Ndlovo goes on to turn the negative ideology about
the living situation in Zimbabwe as opposed to South Africa on its head. He remarks on the
very poignant point that; "I think it's unfair how the media have handled the Zim issue.
Without the economic issue, Zimbabwe is a far better place to be than South Africa"(Die
Matie 23/04/08). He justifies this claim by stating firstly that the issue of race is much more
important in South Africa than in Zimbabwe, and secondly that there is not the same
fearfulness which characterises South African society as in Zimbabwe. He is not naïve to
think that Zimbabwe has no crime, but the unnecessary outbursts of violence – illustrated by
the May 2008 xenophobic pogroms – are quite unique to South African society.
On the 30th of July the first of only two articles topicalising xenophobia appeared in Die
Matie. In the article, Studente help xeno-slagoffers ("Students help xeno-victims") the author
outlines the basic series of events which followed after the country was plagued by
xenophobic violence and discusses the efforts by Stellenbosch students to aid the victims of
xenophobia. The intention of the article is inherently positive as it focuses on the relief effort
put in by Stellenbosch students, however the way in which the victims of xenophobia are
portrayed (as helpless and hopeless) contributes to the trend of portraying Africans as inferior
to South Africans. Despite its positive intention, the author of the article structures it in such a
way that the condescension is visible and readers are left with an undeniable sense of pity for
those who are supposed to be their equals.
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An interesting point was made in the article by an SRC member, Mike Leslie, when he stated
that it was difficult for most students to physically go and lend aid to the victims as the
attacks occurred during exam times. When looking again at what most readers take away
from reading an article like this it tends to give the impression that it is noble to lend aid
where you can, but if it cuts into your schedule, it is also acceptable to do nothing. The article
concludes by mentioning that the university residences also collected and donated various
food and clothing items to the victims.
Being only one of two articles which mention xenophobia and the victims of the attacks, it is
worrying to see the above mentioned "timing issue" which inhibited most students from
doing anything to help the victims. On the positive side, it is very promising to see that
certain students looked past the clothing and food relief efforts and actually considered that
what these people need most of all at this present time is some reassurance that not all of
South Africa feels antagonistic towards them and to feel that they are supported and valued as
members of South African society.
The only other mention made by Die Matie of the xenophobic attacks which took place in
May of 2008 comes in the very last issue of the year. In an overview of the year's most
important events, under the simple title Xenophobia, the events of May 2008 gets compressed
into a simple paragraph which resonates no sympathy whatsoever,
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Conflict between South Africans and immigrants from Mozambique, Malawi and
Zimbabwe lead to violent attacks and large scale property damage. Local workers
accused immigrants of, amongst other things, stealing their job opportunities.
Immigrants were attacked with knives, torches and clubs. Following the incidents
around sixty foreigners lost their lives, thousands were left without shelter and a large
number returned to their countries of origin.
(Die Matie 08/10/08)
The overall lack of coverage shown by Die Matie during 2008 with regards to the xenophobic
violence which erupted around the country illustrates the newspapers detachment from wider
socio-political issues. This detachment also inadvertently fuels readers' apathy towards these
important issues and does not do much to change the public ideology regarding immigrants
for the better. In comparison to UCT's Monday Paper we can see that UCT is much further
along in the process of, firstly, making people aware of the issue of xenophobia in South
Africa and secondly, making changes at the public policy level to discard the idea of a South
African citizenship as being only for people born in South Africa. UCT with its ideal of
becoming an 'Afropolitan' university seems to realise more than Stellenbosch University that
the world has become a global village and that South Africans have an obligation to the rest
of the continent to learn and share from each other, rather than to fortify our secure enclaves,
at least from the discourse present in campus newspapers.
In document
Populistas: el poder de las palabras
(página 182-185)