ECQD Film Transfer and Resulting Properties

The Opet Festival, pn-ipt, was the eponymous feast of the month of II Axt (Greek phaophi).

¹

Unlike most of the eponymous feasts, which were celebrated at the beginning of the subsequent month after the one named after them, the celebrations of pn-ipt already started during the month of II Axt. In the Medinet Habu Festival Calendar

²

(date attributed to the reign of Ramesses II

³

), the name of this particular eponymous feast is said to be Hb n ipt and Hb ipt. In the Great Harris Papyrus (P. BM EA 9999,

⁴

year 32 of Ramesses III

⁵

), this feast is called Hb ipt rst. The ways one might refer to the eponymous feast of II Axt at Deir el-Medina appear to have been diverse. I am aware of one 18th Dynasty reference to the Opet Festival pertaining to Deir el-Medina. In his tomb (TT8),

⁶

the foreman Kha mentions in regard to Amon ‘all [offerings] on his offering table in his Feast of Opet’ (Hb=f n ipt). In O. Ashmolean Museum 362,

⁷

(date attributed to the reign of Ramesses II

⁸

), Ramose writes about preparations that are to be made for Hb ipt.

⁹

According to O. DeM 46

¹⁰

(year 2 of Ramesses IV

¹¹

), the crew received extra rations from the offerings of pn-ipt.

¹²

There are, furthermore, some documents that might be interpreted as containing references to the Opet Festival. A Hb n imn is mentioned in O. IFAO 1088

¹³

(no date attributed), which seems to list eponymous feasts. As this feast of Amon follows the Feast of Thoth in this document, it is tempting to take Hb n imn as referring to the Opet

1 E.g., Erman, Monatsnamen, ZÄS 39 (1901), 129; Černý, Origin of Tybi, ASAE 43 (1943), 174;

Parker, Calendars (1950), 45. For the Festival of Opet, see, for example, Schott, The Feasts of Thebes (1934), 66–73; Murnane, Opetfest, LÄ IV (1982), 574–579; The Epigraphic Survey, Festival Procession of Opet (1994); Spalinger, Sovereignty and Theology, Saeculum 47 (1996), 223–234; el-Sharkawy, Der Amun-Tempel von Karnak. Die Funktion der Großen Säulenhalle, erschlossen aus der Dekoration ihrer Innenwände (1997), 43–55, 115–118; Bell, ‘Divine’ Temple (1998), 157–177.

2 1b=f n ipt (Festival Calendar of Medinet Habu, 725–857 (passim) (lists 28–35)); Hb ipt (Festival Calendar of Medinet Habu, 869, 876 (lists 37–38)); see also Kitchen, KRI V (1983), 147–158.

3 For the date attributed, see Nelson, The Calendar at Medinet Habu (1934), 25–29; Spalinger, Sovereignty and Theology, Saeculum 47 (1996), 226; Haring, Divine Households (1997), 53–55.

4 1b ipt-rst m II Axt 19 r III Axt 15 ir n hrw 27 SAa rnpt-sp 1 r rnpt-sp 31 ir.n 31 n rnpt; P. BM EA 9999 pl. 17a, 4–6 (Grandet, Le Papyrus Harris I (1994), pl. 17).

5 Rnpt-sp 32 III Smw 6 xr Hm nsw-bity (wsr-mAat-ra mry-imn) a w s sA ra (ra-mss HqA-iwnw) a w s; P.

BM EA 9999 pl. 1, 1.

6 ...] nbt Hr wdHw=f m Hb=f n ipt; TT8, arch (Černý, Répertoire Onomastique (1949), 68). For the date of TT8, see Porter & Moss, Topographical Bibliography I².1 (1960), 16.

7 O. Ashmolean Museum 362, 2–3, 6.

8 For the date attributed, see Valbelle, Les ouvriers (1985), 93; Jaroslav Černý considered this text to be a model letter that was actually written by someone else (Community (1973), 322).

9 See also van Walsem, Month-Names (1982), 221.

10 Iw.tw in tA ist r mkw m dbH[...s]y n pn-ipt; O. DeM 46, rt. 10.

11 For the date of this document, see Černý, Ostraca Deir el Medineh I (1935), 12–13; Kitchen, KRI VI (1983), 121–124; Helck, Die datierten (2002), 372–374.

12 For this being a reference to the eponymous feast rather than to the month of II Axt, see van Walsem, Month-Names (1982), 220.

13 O. IFAO 1088, 4 (Černý, Notebooks, 110.56); see van Walsem, Month-Names (1982), 242 (O.

DeM. reg. no. 1088).

Festival.

¹

On the edge of the account of payment recorded on O. Brunner

²

(date attributed to the late 19th Dynasty

³

), there is a date ‘year 2 III Axt Hb imn’. This Hb imn might also indicate the Opet festival which continued into the month of III Axt, at least during the reigns of Ramesses II and Ramesses III.

⁴

With regard to the Opet Festival, one may also refer to the literary text O. DeM 1265

⁵

(no date attributed) where II Axt is described as a month in which ‘one is in all the feasts of sailing to Opet’.

The Opet Festival was celebrated in Eastern Thebes in the temples of Karnak and Luxor. During the festival, the statue of Amon of Karnak, accompanied by the statues of Mut, Khonsu, and the reigning king, visited the temple of Luxor.

⁶

The purpose of the festival appears to have been to renew the divine kingship and to recrown the reigning king.

⁷

The Amon of the Karnak temple (imn(-ra) m ipt-swt)

⁸

is mentioned on several stelae and lintels erected by the inhabitants of Deir el-Medina.

⁹

In a stela in the British Museum (BM EA 444,

¹⁰

date attributed to the reign of Ramesses II

¹¹

), a procession of Amon of Karnak is depicted. The stela was dedicated by the workman in the Place of Truth Merwaset, and the hem-priests and the wab-priests in the scene appear to be from Deir

1 Van Walsem, Month-Names (1982), 227 note 99.

2 Rnpt-sp 2 III Axt Hb imn; O. Brunner, right edge; see Helck, Eine Zahlungsquittung, ZÄS 111 (1984), 7, 9. For the identification of O. Hasany Abdel-Galil as O. Brunner, see Haring, Hieratic Varia, JEA 90 (2004), 219. In the transcription by Kenneth Kitchen, this particular date is given as III Axt [...]-Hr(-kA)[ (KRI VII (1989), 414), but kA-Hr-kA was the name of IV Axt and the eponymous feast kA-Hr-kA was celebrated at Deir el-Medina at the beginning of I prt (I prt 2 m kA-Hr-kA; O.

Berlin P 12635, vs. 9; date attributed to years 4–6 of Ramesses IV; see also Chapter III 1.2.1.5).

3 For the dates attributed, see Helck, Eine Zahlungsquittung, ZÄS 111 (1984), 10 (year 2 of Seti II);

Kitchen, KRI VII, 414–415, 249–250 (year 2 of Siptah/Tausret).

4 Festival Calendar of Medinet Habu, 725–890 (lists 28–38) (II Axt 19 – III Axt 12; see Kitchen, KRI V (1983), 147–158; date attributed to the reign of Ramesses II; Nelson, The Calendar at Medinet Habu (1934), 25–29); P. BM EA 9999 pl. 17a, 4–6 (II Axt 19 – III Axt 15; see Grandet, Le Papyrus Harris I (1994), pl. 17). The feast of Amon mentioned in O. Brunner as taking place in III Axt, might refer to another feast of Amon since both the Festival list of Thutmose III in Elefantine (Sethe, Urk. IV (1906–1909), 824 line 11) and the Festival Calendar of Medinet Habu (902, list 39; see Kitchen, KRI V (1983), 159) mention a feast of Amon in III Axt, after the Opet Festival.

5 Iw.tw m Hb nbw m Xnty r ipt; O. DeM 1265 I, 4; see also van Walsem, Month-Names (1982), 220 note 46; for a discussion of this document, see Chapter III 1.2.1.

6 Schott, The Feasts of Thebes (1934), 66–73; Murnane, Opetfest, LÄ IV (1982), 574–579; The Epigraphic Survey, Festival Procession of Opet (1994); el-Sharkawy, Der Amun-Tempel von Karnak (1997), 43–55, 115–118; Bell, ‘Divine’ Temple (1998), 157–177.

7 Bell, Luxor Temple and the Cult of the Royal Ka, JNES 44 (1985), 251–294.

8 For imn(-ra) m ipt swt, see Leitz (ed.), Lexikon der ägyptischen Götter I (2002), 312, 323.

9 Lintel BM EA 153; Stela Bankes 4; Stela Bankes 5 (adored as Re); Stela Berlin 23077; Stela BM EA 332 (adored as Re); Stela BM EA 444; Stela Turin N. 50028 (Htp-di-nsw formula on the back of the stela); Stela from the small shrines near the workmen’s huts [4].

10 Stela BM EA 444; the occasion of the procession is not mentioned and, apart from the Opet Festival, the scene might depict the Beautiful Feast of the Valley or some other feast of Amon.

11 For the date attributed, see Hieroglyphic Texts X (1982), 29.

Medina.

¹

In Graffito 1018

²

dating to the late 20th Dynasty,

³

the scribe Thutmose, furthermore, is called ‘wab-priest of Amon in ipt-swt’. It remains unclear whether the residents of Deir el-Medina had their own Amon of ipt-swt or whether these references are to the Amon of the Karnak temple in Eastern Thebes. A procession of Amon is mentioned in O. BM EA 65933[a]

⁴

(date attributed to the Ramesside Period

⁵

), a letter from the foreman Hay to the vizier with a request to come and let Amon appear in a procession.

This reference to a procession of Amon indicates perhaps that such parades could take place at Deir el-Medina. An Opet Festival procession might, thus, also have taken place at Deir el-Medina with a local statue of Amon.

In O. Ashmolean Museum 362

⁶

(date attributed to the reign of Ramesses II

⁷

), Ramose writes to the royal scribe and overseer of cattle Hatia about the Opet Festival. He addresses the preparations for the approaching festival by mentioning, for example, barks from the temple of Amon and oxen for the offerings to the gods.

⁸

The oxen mentioned bring to mind the festival cow mentioned in P. BM EA 10401 (date attributed to the late 20th Dynasty

⁹

) to be delivered as part of taxes from the temple of Esna.

¹⁰

Moreover, oxen referred to in O. Ashmolean Museum 362 recall a painting in the pronaos of the chapel situated at the north-east corner of the village wall at Deir el-Medina (la chapelle au nord-est de l’enceinte du village) which depicts a procession of sacrificial bulls.

¹¹

These bulls with garlands between their horns resemble, in turn, the animals led by priests in the Opet Festival depiction in the Luxor temple.

¹²

It may have been due to this resemblance that Dominique Valbelle took the chapel situated by the village wall to have been designed for the Opet Festival.

¹³

1 Stela BM EA 444; hem-priest Ipuy, hem-priest Merwaset, wab-priest draughtsman Maaninakhtuf, wab-priest Pay, wab-priest Huy, wab-priest Ramose, wab-priest Bakenamun, wab-priest Bunakhtef.

The provenance of the stela is not recorded (Hieroglyphic Texts X (1982), 29).

2 Wab n imn m ipt-swt; Graffito 1018, 3. For imn-m-ipt-swt, see Leitz (ed.), Lexikon der ägyptischen Götter I (2002), 312.

3 For the scribe Thutmose and his time in office, see, for example, Černý, Community (1973), 383 (Dhutmose).

4 Ir pAy=n nb r swh n=n m pAy=f iiy r dit xay imn [m pA...; O. BM EA 65933[a], vs. 2–3. This document is also known as O. Nash 11.

5 Kenneth Kitchen attributed a date to this text in the reign of Ramesses III (Kitchen, KRI V (1983), 583–584) but Robert Demarée attributed it to the end of the 19th or the beginning of the 20th Dynasty (Ramesside Ostraca (2002), 41).

6 O. Ashmolean Museum 362, rt. 2–3.

7 For the date attributed, see Valbelle, Les ouvriers (1985), 93.

8 1b ipt Xn n [...]n pA hrw xr b(w) ii n=n pA qAwt n pr imn m [...] n Hb ipt m-mitt nA n iH(w) n sSmw nA n wdnw nA n nTrw nbw; O. Ashmolean Museum 362, rt. 2–3.

9 Janssen, Requisitions from Upper Egyptian Temples (P. BM EA 10401), JEA 77 (1991), 81.

10 See Janssen, Requisitions, JEA 77 (1991), 79–92.

11 See Bruyère, Rapport 1934–1935 III (1939), 36–39; see also Porter & Moss, Topographical Bibliography I².2 (1973), 691 (Chapel north-east of Village enclosure).

12 See The Epigraphic Survey, Festival Procession of Opet (1994), pls. 101, 104–107; for the

sacrificial oxen of the Opet Festival, see also Cabrol, Les boeufs gras de la fête d’Opet, CRIPEL 20 (1999), 15–27.

13 See Valbelle, Les ouvriers (1985), 319, 326; see also Bomann, Private Chapel (1991), 69. Ann H.

Bomann, who has studied the chapels in el-Amarna and Deir el-Medina, considers, however, this chapel a secular building, housing perhaps the meetings of the village qnbt (op. cit., 51).

According to the Feast List of Amon of Elephantine,

¹

the festivities of the Opet Festival lasted for eleven days on II Axt 15–25 during the reign of Thutmose III. In the Festival Calendar of Medinet Habu

²

(date attributed to the reign of Ramesses II

³

), the Eve of the Festival is said to have been observed on II Axt 18 while the festival proper was celebrated for twenty-four days from II Axt 19 through III Axt 12. The return procession back to Karnak, according to this Festival Calendar, took place on III Axt 12, the last day of the festival.

⁴

According to the Great Harris Papyrus (P. BM EA 9999,

⁵

year 32 of Ramesses III

⁶

), the festival ended on III Axt 15, i.e., it lasted twenty-seven days, during the entire reign of Ramesses III. In Stela Cairo JE 91927

⁷

dated to the seventh year of Ramesses VI

⁸

, a procession of Amon ‘in his Beautiful Feast of Opet’ is said to have taken place on III Axt 8. It is, however, unclear whether this text refers to the return of Amon to the Karnak temple at the end of the festival or not.

⁹

The procession mentioned in Stela Cairo JE 91927 might be some type of minor procession between the main processions to and from the Luxor temple.

¹⁰

The 25th Dynasty King Piy, in his Victory Inscription,

¹¹

relates how the outward procession to the Luxor temple occurred on the Eve of the festival.

According to this inscription,

¹²

the return of Amon to Karnak, i.e., the end of the festival, took place on III Axt 2. As far as processions of the Opet Festival during the New Kingdom are concerned, one may also refer to P. BM EA 10335

¹³

(date attributed to year 2 of Ramesses IV

¹⁴

). According to this text, a certain Amenemwia received an oracle

1 II Axt 15 Hb imn m ipt rsy sw 11; Sethe, Urk. IV (1906–1909), 824 line 10; see also Schott, Festdaten (1950), 88; el-Sabban, Temple Festival Calendars (2000), 35; Blackman, Oracles I, JEA 11 (1925), 250 note 3; Spalinger, Sovereignty and Theology, Saeculum 47 (1996), 226–227.

2 Festival Calendar of Medinet Habu, 725–890 (lists 28–38); see Kitchen, KRI V (1983), 147–158.

3 For the date attributed, see Nelson, The Calendar at Medinet Habu (1934), 25–29; Spalinger, Sovereignty and Theology, Saeculum 47 (1996), 226; Haring, Divine Households (1997), 53–55.

4 4aq in imn m Hb=f n ipt; Festival Calendar of Medinet Habu, 857 (list 35); Kitchen, KRI V (1983), 156.

5 1b ipt-rst m II Axt 19 r III Axt 15 ir n hrw 27 SAa rnpt-sp 1 r rnpt-sp 31 ir.n 31 n rnpt; P. BM EA 9999 pl. 17a, 4–6 (Grandet, Le Papyrus Harris I (1994), pl. 17); see also Schott, Festdaten (1950), 85.

6 Rnpt-sp 32 III Smw 6 xr Hm nsw-bity (wsr-mAat-ra mry-imn) a w s sA ra (ra-mss HqA-iwnw) a w s; P.

BM EA 9999 pl. 1, 1.

7 Pr hrw pn...sxaa Hm nTr Sps imn-ra nsw nTrw m Hb=f nfr n ipt; Stela Cairo JE 91927, 2; see Vernus, Un texte oraculaire de Ramsès VI, BIFAO 75 (1975), 103–110.

8 Rnpt-sp [7] xr Hm nsw-bity (nb-mAat-ra mry-imn) sA ra (ra-ms-sw imn-Hr-xpS=f nTr-HqA-iwnw); Stela Cairo JE 91927, 1; see Vernus, Un texte oraculaire de Ramsès VI, BIFAO 75 (1975), 107–108.

9 See also Murnane, Opetfest, LÄ IV (1982), 574–575.

10 At the Feast of the Beautiful Reunion in the Ptolemaic temple of Edfu, processions were organized on several days between the main processions at the beginning and the end of the festival (e.g., Fairman, Worship and Festival, BRL 37 (1954–1955), 196–199). Although this evidence is much later, there is a possibility that smaller processions were also organized during the New Kingdom throughout the Opet Festival and that the procession described in Stela Cairo JE 91927 is an example of such a procession.

11 4xa=i sw m sSm=f r ipt-rst m Hb=f nfr n grH Hb ipt; Schäfer, Urkunden der Älteren Äthiopienkönige (1905), 14; for grH Hb ipt denoting the Eve of the festival, see Murnane, Opetfest, LÄ IV (1982), 576.

12 0rw saq nTr III Axt 2; Victory Inscription of Piy (Schäfer, Urk. III (1905), 15); see also Schott, Festdaten (1950), 86.

13 Blackman, Oracles I, JEA 11 (1925), 249–255; Dawson, An Oracle Papyrus. B.M. 10335, JEA 11 (1925), 247–248, pls. 35–38.

14 For the date attributed, see Dawson, An Oracle Papyrus, JEA 11 (1925), 247. Warren Dawson was, however, not entirely sure about dating this document to the reign of Ramesses IV.

statement from Amon Pa-Khenty on III Axt 1 during the Opet Festival,

¹

presumably in the course of a procession of the god.

²

As Amon Pa-Khenty was a statue of Amon in Western Thebes,

³

it is possible that the procession of this Amon took place on a day other than the outward or return journeys of Amon of Karnak.

⁴

In light of this document, it seems that, in addition to Amon of Karnak (imn m ipt-swt),

⁵

other cult statues of Amon were carried in procession in connection with the Opet Festival.

⁶

The date of the Opet Festival, thus, seems to have varied from reign to reign and dynasty to dynasty. One might, therefore, suggest that the festival may have been celebrated according to the lunar calendar.

⁷

Since the Opet Festival was, according to the Great Harris Papyrus (P. BM EA 9999),

⁸

celebrated on the same civil calendar days (II Axt 19 – III Axt 15) for thirty-one years in the reign of Ramesses III, I am not convinced that the date was always determined by the lunar calendar.

⁹

It is perhaps not entirely unthinkable that the Festival date may have been determined by some other means, perhaps through an oracle statement.

The Opet Festival seems to have had little impact on the work schedule of the royal artisans at Deir el-Medina.

¹⁰

Although there are many allusions to the Opet Festival,

¹¹

there are no explicit references that date the celebration of this feast at Deir el-Medina to any specific date within the ancient Egyptian civil calendar.

¹²

In various documents pertaining to Deir el-Medina, there appears to be fewer references to working and

1 III Axt 1 aHa.n aS.n sDm-aS imn-m-wiA n imn pA xnty m Hb=f nfr Hb ipt; P. BM EA 10335, rt. 1–2; see also Blackman, Oracles I, JEA 11 (1925), 253.

2 E.g., Blackman, Oracles I, JEA 11 (1925), 253.

3 Otto, Topographie des Thebanischen Gaues (1952), 59. An Amenhotep I of Pa-Khenty is also known but although this form of the deified king resembles Amenhotep I pA nb pA dmit, i.e., Amenhotep I of Deir el-Medina, it is impossible to delimit the area more accurately than to Western Thebes (Černý, Le culte d’Amenophis, BIFAO 27 (1927), 170). For imn pA xnty, see also Leitz (ed.), Lexikon der ägyptischen Götter I (2002), 316.

4 Blackman, Oracles I, JEA 11 (1925), 253; cf. Helck, Feiertage, JESHO 7 (1964), 157.

5 For imn(-ra) m ipt swt, see Leitz (ed.), Lexikon der ägyptischen Götter I (2002), 312, 323.

6 See also Blackman, Oracles I, JEA 11 (1925), 253.

7 The lunar calendar appears to have coexisted with the civil calendar in the calendars of lucky and unlucky days and, thus, one cannot exclude the possibility that the date of many feasts was to some degree determined by the cycle of the moon (Porceddu et al., Evidence of Periodicity, CAJ 18 (2008), 327–339).

8 1b ipt-rst m II Axt 19 r III Axt 15 ir n hrw 27 SAa rnpt-sp 1 r rnpt-sp 31 ir.n 31 n rnpt; P. BM EA 9999 pl. 17a, 4–6 (Grandet, Le Papyrus Harris I (1994), pl. 17); see also Schott, Festdaten (1950), 85.

9 See also Spalinger, Sovereignty and Theology, Saeculum 47 (1996), 224–225.

10 Helck, Feiertage, JESHO 7 (1964), 157.

11 O. Ashmolean Museum 362, 2–3, 6 (Hb ipt; date attributed to the reign of Ramesses II; Valbelle, Les ouvriers (1985), 93); O. BM EA 29560, rt. 12 (pn ipt; date attributed to the 20th Dynasty; Demarée, Ramesside Ostraca (2002), 27); O. Brunner, right edge (III Axt Hb imn; date attributed to the 19th Dynasty; Helck, Eine Zahlungsquittung, ZÄS 111 (1984), 10 (year 2 of Seti II); Kitchen, KRI VII, 414–415, 249–250 (year 2 of Siptah/Tausret)); O. DeM 46, rt. 10 (iw.tw in tA ist r mkw m dbH[...s]y n pn-ipt; date attributed to year 2 of Ramesses IV; e.g., Černý, Ostraca Deir el Medineh I (1935), 12–13). There is, furthermore, one reference that might be interpreted as referring to a water procession during the Opet Festival. In P. Turin Cat. 1960 + 2071, Amon-Re is said to have crossed the river in the month of II Axt (DA]y n imn ra nsw nTrw[...; vs. I, 17; year 15 of Ramesses IX; e.g., Kitchen, KRI VI (1983), 641–644).

12 However, according to O. DeM 46, the crew received extra rations from the offerings of pn-ipt on III Axt 11 (rt. 10; date attributed to year 2 of Ramesses IV; e.g., Černý, Ostraca Deir el Medineh I (1935), 12–13).

inactivity per day during most of the Opet Festival period (II Axt 18 – III Axt 15) than during the beginning of II Axt and the end of III Axt.

¹

It is possible that the lower number of references during this period results from the random survival of documents from Deir el-Medina. All in all, there are too few references to be able to determine whether any of the ‘weekdays’ during the Opet Festival period were annually observed work-free days or not. The Deir el-Medina references to working and inactivity on the key days of the Opet Festival and the days of the processions of the feast known from the above-mentioned sources (II Axt 18,

²

II Axt 19,

³

III Axt 1,

⁴

III Axt 8,

⁵

III Axt 12

⁶

, and III Axt 15

⁷

), nevertheless, will be presented below.

The Eve of the Opet Festival seems at some point in the reign of Ramesses II to have been observed on II Axt 18 (Medinet Habu Festival Calendar,

⁸

date attributed to the reign of Ramesses II

⁹

). During the reign of Ramesses III, II Axt 18 was also the day before the Opet Festival (Great Harris Papyrus,

¹⁰

year 32 of Ramesses III

¹¹

). A careful analysis of all the Deir el-Medina references to working and inactivity on II Axt 18 reveals that, at least during the second half of the 19th Dynasty, the royal artisans may have worked on this day. In the corpus of this study, there are four references to working

¹²

and one reference to inactivity

¹³

on II Axt 18 during this particular period. From the 20th Dynasty, there is one document indicating working on II Axt 18

¹⁴

but this single reference is not enough to draw any conclusions on a possible day of working during this period. According to P.

1 The average number of references per day is 6.2 on II Axt 1–17, 3.6 on II Axt 18 – III Axt 15, and 5.7 on III Axt 16–30.

2 The Eve of the Opet Festival: Medinet Habu Festival Calendar (725 (list 28); Kitchen, KRI V (1983), 147); Victory Stela of Piy (no date mentioned; Schäfer, Urk. III (1905), 14 lines 14–15).

3 First day of the Opet Festival: Medinet Habu Festival Calendar (743 (list 29); Kitchen, KRI V (1983), 15148); P. BM EA 9999 17a, 4–6 (Grandet, Le Papyrus Harris I (1994), pl. 17).

4 Procession of Amon Pa-Khenty ‘in his Beautiful Feast of Opet’: P. BM EA 10335, rt. 1–2 (Dawson, An Oracle Papyrus, JEA 11 (1925), 247–248, pls. 35–38).

5 Procession of Amon ‘in his Beautiful Feast of Opet’: Stela Cairo JE 91927, 2 (Vernus, Un texte oraculaire de Ramsès VI, BIFAO 75 (1975), 103–110).

6 Procession back to the Karnak temple on the last day of the Opet Festival during the reign of Ramesses II: Medinet Habu Festival Calendar (857 (list 35); Kitchen, KRI V (1983), 156).

7 Last day of the Festival during the reign of Ramesses III: P. BM EA 9999 17a, 4–6 (Grandet, Le Papyrus Harris I (1994), pl. 17).

8 Festival Calendar of Medinet Habu, 725 (list 28); Kitchen, KRI V (1983), 147.

9 For the date attributed, see Nelson, The Calendar at Medinet Habu (1934), 25–29; Spalinger, Sovereignty and Theology, Saeculum 47 (1996), 226; Haring, Divine Households (1997), 53–55.

10 P. BM EA 9999 pl. 17a, 4–6 (Grandet, Le Papyrus Harris I (1994), pl. 17).

11 Rnpt-sp 32 III Smw 6 xr Hm nsw-bity (wsr-mAat-ra mry-imn) a w s sA ra (ra-mss HqA-iwnw) a w s; P.

11 Rnpt-sp 32 III Smw 6 xr Hm nsw-bity (wsr-mAat-ra mry-imn) a w s sA ra (ra-mss HqA-iwnw) a w s; P.

In document Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Graphene Devices (página 97-100)