Efecte directe de les citocines en la proliferació de les cèl·lules tumorals

Observer Name: Evacuating from Floor:

Using the _________ stairway. Number on Recorder:

Preamble:

Because of the transitory nature of the events being observed and large size of a high rise office building and its population it is essential that the observers be a part of a well organised team. As a member of this team each one of you is being requested to record observations at some assigned position or sequence of positions in the

building.

Your observations will be used to examine, in detail, localised events at your assigned positions. Furthermore your observations, recorded on your Dictaphones, will form part of the re-construction of the whole evacuation exercise.

The following procedures relate primarily to the collection of data about the

movement of people during the exercise. Please use your experience and judgement to conduct other observations which will assist in an objective evaluation of this particular exercise.

Detailed Procedure:

(Note that a checklist permitting a rapid review of these procedures is provided at the end of this document)

The immediate goal of your observations is to make a recording containing as much information as you can collect about the events and conditions around you in the stairs. Using a Dictaphone set to record continuously, you need not be concerned

with watching a clock and noting times for various events. As long as your recording includes some reference signal such as the evacuation alarm and at the end of the evacuation such as “final exit door” then it is a straightforward task to draw up a detailed spread sheet of your observations on a time scale. The log can be related to observations made by other observers at the same time. The analysis of your

recording will be done for you leaving you with only the challenge of rapidly observing and reporting on the following conditions and events;

5. Occupant behaviour to the evacuation alarm signals. 6. The flow of occupants into your assigned stair.

7. Your own movement down the stairs with the occupants of your assigned floor noting each landing as you step on to it and also any delays or slowing down of the rate of descent.

8. The density of population in your immediate vicinity in the stairs and their distribution patterns (e.g. side by side. Single file etc.).

As you will note from this list, you are apparently requested to report on several things simultaneously. To make your observations challenging rather than impossible, the following detailed procedures are suggested:

(o) Prior to the exercise, record your name, assigned floor, and assigned exit on the Dictaphone on side A of the cassette. Also check the number on the back of the cassette or write your assigned floor and exit number on the back if there is no number.

(p) Go up to your assigned floor about five minutes before the alarm is due to be sounded before the start of the exercise. Ideally you should wait with the main fire warden for your assigned floor until the drill starts. Before and during the drill, try to conduct your observations so that the activities of those around you are not interrupted.

(q) Prior to the alarm sounding, remembering that you are required to switch on the recorder five minutes before the start, record the time on your watch as a starting reference time.

(r) Once your Dictaphone has been switched on do not turn it off until you are outside the building.

(s) Move to the floor area next to your assigned exit. Make sure that the tape recorder is picking up all the background sounds and any comments you wish to make about how the people respond to the alarm.

(t) When your floor is due to be cleared take a count of the people as they go through the doorway into the assigned stair. In this case instead of

counting “one, two, three etc.” a simple “Q” should be recorded every time a woman crosses and “P” for a male. This permits an accurate determination of the rate of flow into the exit and also assists in describing the gender mix of your floor.

(u) Try to be one of the last persons to leave your assigned floor by your assigned stair. Enter the stair as part of the last group so that you do not become separated from them. Also state approximately how many people will be behind you.

(v) As you down the stairs please record the floor number of every floor as you reach the landing. This is needed so that we can plot your progress down the stairs and estimate your descent speed.

(w) When going down the stairs, note at the lower floors, if people from these floors are entering the stairs before your group reaches them. Note any delay or congestion that this may be causing due to mixing.

(x) Note how people go down the stairs relative to each other e.g. side by side, single file, staggered formation a few steps apart etc. Try and keep yourself in the same pattern as the others with the same space in between. (y) At each storey take a count of the number of people who occupy the area

of one flight and one landing in front of you and record the number on the Dictaphone e.g. seven in front. Follow this by the number using the handrail e.g. four on rail. This means that out of the seven people in front of you only four are using the handrail.

(z) Whenever your speed changes noticeably indicate this on the recording. (aa) When you arrive at the bottom of the stairwell you will see the final exit and camera. Look up at the camera and clearly state your floor number. The camera will record this and the times can then be correlated between the camera and your recording.

(bb) Also proceed to well outside the building before you turn the recorder off. Do not forget to record your final reference time before you do so.

2008-2010 TRIAL EVACUATION STUDY