Population below poverty line: National estimates of the percentage of the population falling below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. (“IndexMundi,” 2013). Poverty rates in developing nations are defined by the World Bank as extreme poverty (less than $1.25/day) and moderate poverty (less than $2/day). The U.S has an
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absolute measure which according to the U.S census, describes poverty being below the threshold, which changes along with prices (“U.S Census,” 2011-2012).
Public Health: a multidisciplinary approach to health that is concerned with the health of specific communities and populations, emphasizes the socioeconomic determinants of illness, and prioritizes preventative care (DeLAET, D.E. & DeLAET, D.L., 2012, p. 4)
Infant Mortality: the probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of one, if subject to age-specific mortality rates that period. (“CDC,” 2012).
Congenital abnormalities or birth defects: a structural abnormality present at birth (Adams et al., 2009)
Preterm birth: a delivery or birth at a gestational age less than 37 weeks (Adams et al., 2009)
SIDS/SUDS (Sudden infant death syndrome/Sudden unexpected death in infancy): Sudden death of an infant under one year of age, which remains unexplained after the performance of a complete postmortem investigation, including an autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the case history (Adams et al., 2009, p. 219)
Social Stability: exists when groups or groups are able to function in society normally based on steady circumstances regarding housing, residential transition, employment, income,
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Figure A: Strong Baby Campaign (2012) by UW-Milwaukee School of Public Health and Milwaukee Health Department
Figure B: City of Milwaukee Safe Sleep Campaign by Milwaukee Health Department (2012)
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Figure C: Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. This shows the high-risk zip code areas in Milwaukee with the highest infant mortality rates in 2000-2009.
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