Eficientar la planeación y organización para que sea funcional

Radial

Lateral

(Axial)

RUNOUT

‘S’ SAE

Acronym for Society of Automotive Engineer, American professional body most common seen in relation to Viscosity grades e.g. SAE 10W-30

SAFETY PAD

Impact-absorbent padding installed on the instrument panel and in the centre of the steering wheel.

The safety pads help to protect the driver and front passenger from injury in the event of a collision. A typical safety pad is made of urethane foam with a metal panel insert. The metal panel is made of an energy-absorbent material, and the urethane foam absorbs the dispersed energy.

SAI

* Steering Axis Inclination

SANDWICHED VIBRATION - CONTROL PANEL

A panel with a sheet of vibration-damping material, such as asphalt, sandwiched between two steel plates.

This reduces vibration and noise to all areas of the vehicle. It is installed in such places as the dash panel, the cowl panel, and the rear wheel housings.

* Vibration-damping Sheet Steel

SATELLITE SWITCHES

Switches for equipment such as audio and air conditioning, positioned within easy reach of the driver.

SCISSORS GEAR

A set of camshaft gears designed to prevent gear noise due to the backlash that occurs with conventional gears.

A pair of gears rotating in the same direction on the same axis uses a spring to maintain full contact with both the leading and trailing teeth of the opposite gear.

SCRUB RADIUS ("SCRUB")

* Steering Offset

SEALED BEAM HEADLAMPS

A headlight in which the lens, reflector plate, and filament are built into a single, sealed unit filled with an inert gas. This type of headlamp is large, has a good light distribution pattern, and provides good visibility.

* Halogen Headlamps

SEAT BELT

Seat belts keep passengers from being thrown out of their seats and becoming injured in the event of sudden braking or a collision.

The two-point seat belt is worn across the wearer's lap, while the three-point seat belt restrains the wearer across both the lap, chest, and one shoulder. Many countries have laws that require persons in the front seat (and sometimes in the rear seats also) to wear seat belts.

SEAT BELT PRETENSIONER

A seatbelt pretensioner tightens the seatbelt in the first milliseconds of an accident to better keep the occupant in position. With a tightened belt, an occupant is less likely to strike interior surfaces, such as the roof structure or steering wheel. It also may restrain the occupant from contacting the airbag before it is fully deployed, further reducing the risk of injury.

A collision sensor, often the same sensor used to trigger the airbags, detects the beginning of a collision. A signal from the sensor activates a mechanical or pyrotechnic pretensioning device located at a belt anchoring point. The pretensioner takes up slack in the belt system until a predetermined force is reached,. The belt remains tight around the occupant for the duration of the collision.

Increased safety for belted occupants in some types of collisions. * Pretensioner Mechanism

SEAT BELT TONGUE PLATE

The metal part on the end of the seat belt. Inserting the tongue plate into the buckle on the other strap of the seat belt locks the belt.

SEAT BELT WARNING LAMP

A lamp that lights up if the driver's seat belt is not buckled when the ignition switch is turned on. This is to remind the driver to fasten the belt.

SEAT BELT WITH MECHANICAL TENSION-REDUCING ADJUSTER

A mechanical system that reduces the force of the seat belt pulling against the wearer. This prevents overtightening, providing greater comfort. The seatbelt

wind-up mechanism has both a strong and a weak spring, to adjust tension. While the seatbelt is being worn, the weak spring is used to keep the belt from pulling against the wearer's body. The strong spring is used when the seat belt winds up or is pulled out. Naturally, the seat belt locks in an emergency to safeguard the wearer. In some models, the mechanism used to change between the strong and weak spring may be operated by an electric switch.

SEAT BELT WITH POWER TENSION-REDUCING ADJUSTER

A type of seat belt in which belt tension can be adjusted by the wearer by means of a switch in the buckle.

SEAT SLIDE ADJUSTER

A seat adjuster that allows the passenger to adjust the seat position by operating the seat slide [ever. The lever is located at the bottom of the seat and can be used to slide forward and back, and to lock it in place.

SEDAN

The most typical type of passenger car. A sedan is a "three-box car", in which the luggage compartment (trunk or boot) is separated from the passenger compartment. A sedan also has two rows of seats, one in front and one in the rear, and can seat from four to six passengers. Sedans are generally classified by the number of doors that they have as "two-door sedans" or "four- door sedans".

SELF-IGNITION

Ignition of the air-fuel mixture that is due to any cause other than a spark (for example, ignition due to carbon deposits in the cylinder).

SEMI-CONCEALED WIPERS

Concealed windshield wipers in which only the wiper arms are hidden between the hood and the windshield when not in use. (Wipers that are completely hidden are called "fully concealed wipers".)

Concealing the wipers when not in use not only provides a clearer field of vision, but also improves vehicle appearance.

SEMI-FLOATING REAR AXLE

One method of supporting vehicle weight the seat on the rear axle. Most rigid- axle passenger vehicles use this method as it is of simple construction. The wheel is mounted directly on the rear axle and weight is distributed equally between the rear axle shafts and the axle housing.

* Full-floating Axle

SEMI-TRAILING-ARM SUSPENSION

One type of independent suspension. The lower arms, which support the rear suspension, are located in front of the wheels, and the axes along which the arms move are positioned at an angle, relative to the body centreline.

Semi-trailing-arm suspension is often used for the rear suspension of an automatic transmission vehicle.

* Independent Suspension

SEQUENTIAL MULTIPORT FUEL INJECTION

A US term for Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI).

SERVICE BRAKES

* Foot Brakes

SFI

* Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection

SHAKE

Vibration of the body, seats, and steering wheel when the vehicle is operating at high speeds.

Shake is caused by such problems as wheel imbalance; this is because wheel vibration due to this imbalance is transmitted to, and amplified by, the body and engine, which results in shaking of the vehicle.

* Shimmy

SHEAR STABILITY

The measure of a Viscosity Index Improvers (VII) resistance to the shearing forces in the engine. VIIs with low shear stability will quickly break down, resulting in a thinning of the oil.

SHIFTING SHOCK

A small jolt that may be sensed when an automatic transmission shifts gears.

SHIFT LOCK SYSTEM WITH KEY INTERLOCK

This prevents sudden vehicle take-off due to improper operation of the shift lever on an automatic transmission vehicle.

Two safety functions are provided for automatic transmissions: 1) Shift lock prevents the transmission from being shifted out of Park ("P") unless the brake pedal is depressed; and 2) the key interlock device prevents the key from being removed from the ignition unless the shift lever is in "P".

SHIFT POINT

The points (in time) at which an automatic transmission automatically shifts gears are called "shift points". These depend on the vehicle speed and the throttle opening, as well as on the engine and transmission used.

SHIFT POSITION DISPLAY

SHIFT POSITION INDICATORLAMP

A lamp on the instrument panel which shows the range (shift lever position) into which the driver has shifted the transmission (automatic transmission models only).

SHIMMY

Steering wheel vibration caused by lateral shaking of the front wheels. Shimmy is most often caused by wheel imbalance and by driving on rough roads.

* Shake

SHOCK (ABSORBER (DAMPER)

One component of the suspension system. The springs continue to bounce up and down after a shock is received from the road. The shock absorbers, which are generally filled with a special fluid, help to be damp (restrain) the bouncing of the springs thereby providing a smoother ride.

SHORT-STROKE ENGINE

* Bore

SHOULDER BELT GUIDE

A guide for the upper section of a three-point seat belt, attached to the upper belt anchor. The guide can be used to adjust the angle at which the belt crosses the shoulder, making it easier for people of smaller stature to wear the belt even with the seat moved forward.

SHUDDER

* Clutch Chatter

SIDE AIRBAGS

A side air bag is mounted outboard of occupants and inflates to cushion occupants in the event of a side-impact collision. Some side air bags are designed for protecting the head and neck, others for hip and chest, and others for chest ,head ,and neck.

Because side air bags are generally smaller in volume than front bags, and there is less crush space on the sides of a vehicle (compared to the front), they must deploy more quickly. Airbags that protect the passenger's upper body in the event of a side collision. Side airbag equipment includes bags, inflators, and collision sensors inside the doors. In a collision, the airbags would, deployed from the armrests and cover the area from the arm rest to the roof with a thin, mat-like airbag.

Side air bags can be fitted in the door trim panel, in the moulding above the door, or in the outboard edge of the seatback. They are inflated when an inertial sensor detects a side impact collision.

SIDE DOOR BEAM

A strong metal bar built into the door to provide protection in event of a collision from the side. In front or rear-end collisions, the trunk and engine compartment deform to absorb shock, but in collisions from the side, only the doors offer protection. Side door beams provide greater protection in such cases.

SIDE LIGHTS

* Clearance Lamps

SIDE MEMBER

The parts of the frame that run from the front to the rear of the vehicle on each side. Side members are made from square pipe and keep the frame from twisting or bending.

SIDE SUPPORT

Supports that are located on the left and right edges of the seat cushion and seat back to support the upper body of the passenger, especially when the vehicle corners or makes tight turns.

Some seats have adjustable supports so passengers can modify them to accommodate their own physique and comfort requirements.

SIDE VISORS

Strips of metal or plastic installed above side windows. These provide additional shade on sunny days and allow the windows to be opened slightly for ventilation on rainy days without fear of letting rain enter the vehicle.

SIDE VISION AID (BLIND SPOT DETECTION SYSTEM)

Side vision aid alerts the driver if another vehicle is in the blind spot when changing lanes. Blind spots are the obscured areas immediately to the left and right sides of vehicles, behind the driver's peripheral view. When the driver activates the turn signal, an indicator, typically located on the side-view mirror, signals whether or not a vehicle is in the blind spot. The side vision aid supplements the driver's view to the side and rear from windows and mirrors, to permit safe lane changes.

Active infrared detectors are mounted on each side of the vehicle, e.g., near taillights or side mirrors. These detectors "look" into the next lane to see if a vehicle is there. When the driver activates the turn signal, an indicator (usually an LED) appears, indicating whether the lane is occupied or unoccupied; or that the system has malfunctioned.

Potential increase in safety and accident avoidance when changing lanes

SIDEWALL

The side of the tyre. Information, such as tyre size and manufacturer, is printed on the sidewall.

SILENCER

* Muffler

SINGLE OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT (SOHC) ENGINE

An engine with a single camshaft mounted over the cylinder head for opening and closing both the intake and exhaust valves. Another type of OHC engine, called DOHC (dual overhead camshaft) or "twin cam", uses two independent camshafts, one to operate the intake valves, and one to operate the exhaust valves.

SIXTY/FORTY (60/40) SEAT

A rear seat whose back is separated into two sections, each of which can be folded down independently. One half of the seat can be used for Passengers while the other can be collapsed to form a continuous cargo space with the trunk.

This design is especially convenient for family travel and for carrying long items, such as skis, lumber, etc. Collapsing both sides of the seat joins the back seat with the trunk to allow the vehicle to handle large amounts of cargo.

SLIDING SUN ROOF

A sun roof with one panel that slides back for storage or removal. The sliding sun roof can be operated manually or automatically.

SLIT-BEAM STOP LAMP

A stop lamp (brake light) that is long and very narrow, such as the stop lamp on a rear spoiler. The slit-beam stop lamp, like the high-mount stop lamp, is more visible from the rear, and can help prevent rear end collisions.

* High-mount Stop Lamp

SLUDGE

A dark mud like residue that collects in the cooler parts of an engine, such as the sump, as a result of the build up of deposits. May block pumps and oil ways. Controlled by dispersants that keep deposits in suspension and prevent them from congealing.

SMART WIPERS

Smart wipers are windshield wiper systems that can determine when and how the windshield wipers operate, based on moisture on the windshield. Smart wipers do not require the driver to continually adjust wiper speed or delay interval. This system is an enhancement to vehicle-speed-dependent interval wipers (which increase the frequency of strokes with vehicle speed).

Smart wipers work by sensing moisture on the windshield. One alternative is an optical sensor with light source that works as shown in the diagram. When moisture is detected on the windshield, the controller starts the wipers continually selecting appropriate wiper settings depending on moisture measured.

Increase safety and convenience through reduced driver adjustments

SMOKE FLARE

An emergency signalling device that produces smoke and sparks for about five minutes. The smoke flare can be used to warn of a vehicle's presence if it breaks down on an expressway, at a railway crossing, etc.

SNOW CHAINS

* Tyre Chains

SNOW TYRE

A tyre with features such as a larger surface area and a special tread pattern, all of which have been designed to reduce skidding on snow-covered roads.

Grooves in a snow tyre are wider and deeper than on a standard tyre, and snow tyres softer tread blocks that make it harder for snow to become embedded in the grooves.

SOHC

* Single Overhead Camshaft Engine

SOLAR-ENERGY ABSORBING GLASS

Glass impregnated with small amounts of metal such as iron, nickel, or cobalt. As sunlight passes through, the glass absorbs rays of longer wavelengths near the infrared end of the spectrum. This is because light of longer wavelengths produces more heat, so this keeps the passenger compartment cooler in direct sunlight.

SOLID PAINT

A type of paint containing a pigment without aluminum flakes.

The colour of the body is therefore determined solely by the light reflected from the film on the surface of the paint.

* Metallic Paint, Micaceous Iron Oxide Paint, Pearl-mica Paint

SOLVENT EXTRACTION

Most common process for purification of base stocks during refining. Removes less stable components.

SOLVENT REFINING

A process where solvents, such as furfural and phenol, are used to remove base stocks from heavy crude oil fractions.

SPACE SAVER TYRE

* Emergency Spare Tyre

SPARK PLUG

A device that creates sparks which ignite the compressed air-fuel mixture in the cylinders. Spark plugs are installed in the cylinder head and protrude into the cylinders. High voltage current from the ignition coil causes sparks to jump

between the electrodes and ignite the air-fuel mixture. Spark plugs are not used in diesel engines as the high temperatures resulting from the compression of the air in the cylinders causes "spontaneous" combustion of the diesel fuel.

SPARK PLUG CABLES

The high-tension cords that carry high-voltage current from the distributor to the spark plugs.

SPEAKER

A device that converts electrical signals to sound. The speaker receives electrical signals, then uses an electromagnet to vibrate a panel to output the sound. Speaker types vary according to the method of sound reproduction used:

Tweeter For high-range sounds (most have a small

diameter).

Squawker For mid-range sounds.

Woofer For low-range sounds (most have a large diameter).

Full-range 1 For sounds in all ranges

SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION

A measure of the fuel economy that can be attained by a vehicle; usually, it is simply called "fuel consumption".

There are two ways of measuring specific fuel consumption:

1) The distance a vehicle can travel on a certain amount of fuel; or

2) The amount of fuel consumed by a vehicle to travel a specific distance. In the first case, fuel consumption is usually given in kilometres per litre (km/I ) or miles per gallon (mpg). In the second case, it is usually given as litres per 100 kilometres.

A "10-mode" fuel consumption test is used in some countries to measure hypothetical city driving, while a "15mode" fuel consumption test may be used to measure hypothetical suburban driving. Differences in road conditions and driving techniques can cause wide variations in fuel consumption, so these measurements serve only as guidelines.

(To calculate the fuel consumption for your own car, in km/I, or mpg, fill the tank completely and measure the distance driven until you fill the tank again. Divide the amount of fuel used by the number of kilometres or miles driven.) An engine performance graph indicates fuel consumption by showing the weight of the fuel consumed, in grams, for each horsepower developed per hour (g/PS*h).

SPECIFICATIONS ("SPECS")

performance, etc. Specifications are vital to ensure that the desired vehicles are built correctly, and they are needed to order vehicles accurately.

SPECS

* Specifications

SPEED-SENSITIVE INTERMITTENT WIPERS

Wipers that automatically adjust the wiping interval to the vehicle speed. (The faster the vehicle moves, the faster the wipers move.)

This arrangement improves visibility at high vehicle speeds, and eliminates unnecessary wiping at lower speeds.

SPIKED TYRE

A tyre having spikes or studs in the tread to reduce skidding on icy or snow- covered roads.

Due to the dust, noise, and road damage they create, sales of spiked tyres are not permitted in some countries.

SPLIT-PORT INDUCTION (SPI)

Split port induction uses two intake runners leading to a single port and intake valve for each cylinder. One of the runners is open at all engine speeds, while the other opens only at higher speeds. This allows increased mixing of the intake charge at lower engine speeds, with unrestricted engine breathing at high

In document ÓRGANO DEL GOBIERNO DEL ESTADO DE VERACRUZ DE IGNACIO DE LA LLAVE. Calle Morelos No. 43. Col. Centro Tel Xalapa-Enríquez, Ver. (página 72-79)