EJECUCION DE SENTENCIA Menores

Here are some examples of very old references from Muslim scholars telling us about the Israeli origin of Pathans.

Article written by Navras Aafreedi.

Source: http://bechollashon.org/database/index.php?/article/2802 The Garden of the Learned in the history of Great Men and Genealogies (717 A.H./1317 A.D.)

One of the oldest manuscripts in the world is Abu Suleiman Daud bin Abul Fazal Muammad Albenaketi’s Rauzat ul Albab fi Tawarikh-ul-Akabir wal Ansab (The Garden of the

Learned in the history of Great Men and Genealogies) written

in A.H. 717, in which the author traces the ancestry of the Afghans to the Israelites.

Abu Sulaiman Daud’s Rauza-ul-Bab Twarikh-ul-Akbar-wal- Ansab (The Garden of the Learned in the history of Great Men

and Genealogies) (A.H. 717/1310 C.E.) is considered the

earliest work on the subject of the Israelite origin of the Afridi Pashtuns / Pathans. It discusses the history of the Afghan /

Pashtun / Pathan nation since the time of Moses X. (Ref: Benjamin, Joshua M., The Mystery of Israel’s Ten Lost Tribes,

and the Legend of Jesus in India, 2nd Edition, Mosaic Books,

New Delhi, p. 16).

The author in his Introduction explains that ever since the times of Moses X the ancestors of the Afghans have had to face great hardships. They were expelled from place to place and exterminated. Their ancient ancestors were sacked more than once and carried into captivity. In Chapter I a detailed history of Ya’qub (Jacob) is given and in Chapter II the genealogies of the Afghan tribes are further traced.

The genealogies of the Pashtun/Pathan/Afghan tribes, right up to King Saul are given in the second chapter of the book. Note: It should be noted that this book is written in 717 Hijri and we do find authentic adīth written up to 1000 Hijri in the adīth books such as Mustadrak Hakim.

Book by Sheikh Mali Yusufzai (A.H. 816/1409 C.E.) Sheikh Mali of the Yusufzai tribe wrote in Pushto a book on the Israelite descent of the Afghans / Pashtuns / Pathans between A.H. 816/1409 C.E. and A.H. 828/1412 C.E.

Book by Khan Kaju (A.H. 900/1493 C.E.)

Another work in Pushto on the same subject is ascribed to Khan Kaju, written in circa A.H. 900/1493 C.E. In this book it is also told that all Pathans belong to Banu Israel.

Tabaqat-i-Nasiri by Courtier of Sultan Shabuddin Ghauri.42 _{(1259-1260 C.E.)}

Upon these two works (i.e.: by Sheikh Mali Yusufzai 1409 A.D. and Khan Kaju 1493 A.D.) were based Tarikh-e-Hafiz

Rahmat and Khulasat al-Ansab of Hafiz Rahmat Khan.

Minhaj-i-Siraj Jurjari, who had close contact with the Ghurids and held posts of qazi (qadi), khatib, sadr-i-jahan, and principal of the Nasiriya Madrassa, who wrote in his Tabaqat-

i-Nasiri (1259-1260 C.E.): “In the time of the ShansBanu

dynasty there were people called Banu Israel living in Ghor”, and that “some of them were extensively engaged in trade with the neighbouring countries (Ref: Imamudin, op. cit., p. 200). Tabaqat-i-Nasiri is an encyclopaedic history from the patriarchs and prophets, viz., Abraham X, Isaac, and Jacob, to the time of Nasiruddin Mahmud. It is an invaluable source of information for the history of the early Turkic sultans and their maliks and amirs. (Ref: Habib, Muammad and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami, eds., op. cit., p. xx)

Tarikh-e-Guzeedah and Majma-ul-Ansab (1326 A.D.) Even before the political rise of Afghans / Pashtuns / Pathans, Hamidullah Mustawfi had speculated that they were most likely Israelites in his monumental work Tarikh-e-Guzeedah

42. Shabudding Ghauri (1150-1206), was a ruler of the Ghurid dynasty who reigned over a territory spanning present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India.

(A.H. 730/1326 C.E.), as stated by Neamatullah.43

This is a general historical account dedicated to Khwaja Ghiyasuddin Muammad, son and successor of Rashiduddin Fazlullah.44 Mustawfi’s Majma-ul-Ansab gives a detailed genealogy of Qais (Kash), the tribal head of the Afghans / Pashtuns / Pathans in a series of thirty-seven generations to King Saul and forty-five generations to Abraham X. (Ref: Ibid) Mirat-ul-Alam by Bukhtawar Khan

We find a detailed account of the journey of Afghans from Israel to Afghanistan in Bukhtawar Khan’s Mirat-ul-Alam, according to which Afghans are descendants of Israel (Jabob / Yacov / Yaqub) through King Saul.45

Akbarnama by Abu Fazl courtier of Emperor Akbar46

(1551-1602 C.E.)

An outline of the main tribal traditions of the Pashtuns / Pathans / Afghans have been chronicled by Abul Fazl (1551- 1602 C.E.) in Akbarnama. This also tells us about the Israeli origin of the Pathans.

43. Imamuddin, op. cit., p. 205.

44. Habib, Muhammad, and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami, eds., op. cit., p. xxi. 45. Ibid., pp. 16-17.

46 Akbar the Great (23 November 1542-27 October 1605), was the third Mughal Emperor of India.

Sulaiman Maku’s Tadhkirat al Awliya (allegedly of the thirteenth century). (13th Century AD)

Slightly different versions are given in Sulaiman Maku’s

Tadhkirat al Awliya (allegedly of the thirteenth century C.E.).

He also has told us about the Israeli origin of the Pathans Tadhkirat al-Abrar by Akhund Darwiza (1611 A.D.) Another scholar Akhund Darwiza had declared the Afghans / Pashtuns / Pathans to be Israelites in his Tadhkirat al-Abrar (an account of his adventures in Afghan territories) in 1611 C.E.47

Mirat-al-Afghani of Khwaja Neamatullah courtier of Emperor Jahangir48 _{(1621 A.D.)}

Naematullah was the first historian to present a systematic genealogical table of Pathans / Pashtuns / Afghans from Israel / Jacob. However he can’t be given credit for propounding theory of their Israelite origin because many others have done research in this subject long before him. His book was translated in English by Bernard Dorn in 1829.

Neamatullah sent five historians, viz., Qutb Khan, Sarmast Khan Abdali, Hamza Khan, Umar Khan Kakarr and Zarif Khan, to the Afghan / Pashtun / Pathan territories in AH 1030/1621 C.E. to investigate the descent of Afghans.

47. Ref: Imamuddin, op. cit., p. 206.

Naematullah writes:

“… Khaled sent a letter to the Afghans who had settled in the mountainous countries around Ghor ever since the time of the expulsion of the Israelites by Bokhtnasser, and informed them of the appearance of the last of the Prophets. When this letter reached them, several of their chiefs departed from Medina; the mightiest of them, and of the Afghan people, was Kais, whose pedigree ascends in a series of thirty-seven degrees to Talut, of forty-five to Ibrahim X (Ref: Makhzan-

i-Afghani (History of the Afghans) of Naematullah (1612

C.E.), translated By Bernhard Dorn.49 The Word Pashto

Another theory is that whenever people asked the Pathans / Pashtuns / Afghans about their nationality, they replied in Hebrew phasq or phasht. Phasq means “to liberate”, “to make free”, “to split”, while phasht means “to spread”. The word Pashtun seems to have been derived from this very word. (Ref: Imamuddin, op. cit., pp. 206-207.) In Hebrew, Pasht is the name of a deity, and also of a city in Egypt. In the Pashto language Pastu means an inner room with just one entrance, which indicates that they might have migrated from Israel to their present mountainous country and called themselves Pusht after a village in Israel. (Ref: Ibid., p. 207.) Some believe that Pathans got their name from Jonathan’s great-grandson Pithon.

49. Translated by Bernhard Dorn, Part I, Oriental Translation Committee, London, 1829, p. 37.

The Three Tribes

According to Pashtun / Pathan / Afghan genealogies, Kish married the daughter of Khalid ibn al-Waleed,50 _{from whom he had three sons—} Sarban, Bitan and Ghurgasht. Sarban in turn had two sons—Sacharj Yun and Karsh. As per the tradition, the descendants of Yun are Afghans / Pashtuns / Pathans. (Ref: Benjamin, op. cit., p. 16.)

Risal-i-Ansab-i-Afghana

Fareed-ud-Din Ahmad tries to prove the Israelite descent of Pashtuns / Pathans / Afghans from King Talut (King Saul) in his Risal-i-Ansab-i-Afghana.

Tarikh-i-Hafiz Rahmatkhani, by Hafiz Muammad Zadeek (1770 A.D.)

This books deals with the early history of the Afghans, their origin and wanderings in general. They particularly discuss the Yusuf Zyes (the Yusufzai, “Sons of Joseph”) and their occupation of Kabul, Bajoor, Swat, and Peshawar.

Syed Jamal-ud-Din Afghani51 _{(Tarikh-i-Afghana / History} of Afghans), and Syed Abdul Jabbar Shah (Mun’ameen-i- Banu Israel, ms)

It is worth mentioning the names of Syed Jalal-ud-Din

50. Famous companion and also one of the Generals of the Last Prophet Muhammad U.

51. Sayyid Jamal-ad-Din Afghani, (1838-March 9, 1897), was a political activist and Islamic ideologist in the Muslim world.

Afghani and Syed Abdul Jabar Shah, the ex-ruler of Swat (KPK, Pakistan), who have given genealogies of different Afghan / Pashtun / Pathan tribes right up to King Saul and conclude that the Afghans / Pashtuns / Pathans represent the Lost Tribes of Israel. (Ref: Ibid., p. 17.)

Both these writers discuss the question exhaustively and come to the conclusion that the Afghans represent the Lost Tribes of Israel as viewed from the perspective of the Jewish / Western world.

“The Corrigendum of an Historic Fact” by The Nawab of Hoti, Sir Akbar Khan

The Nawab of Hoti, Sir Akbar Khan, writes in his famous book “The Corrigendum of a Historic Fact” that in 570 B.C., the King of Babul Bukht Nasir ordered the two grandsons of Afghana, Armia and Burkhia, to settle the Bin Yamin (Benjamin) tribes in his kingdom. Hence they brought their old grandfather to the hills of Herat and started living there. “Christ in Heaven on Earth” by Khwaja Nazer Ahmad Khwaja Nazer Ahmad proves in his book “Christ in Heaven

on Earth” … that the Pashtuns belong to the lost tribes of

Israel. Conclusion

The Pashtuns or Pathans are the world’s only claimants of Israelite descent whose claim is backed by so many medieval references, spanning hundreds of years.

References of Western Scholars