El Cim de Covatelles y el Puig Frare PRV 347.

Course director: DR.GÉZA NAGY, professor

Faculty of Natural Sciences - Department of General and Physical Chemistry

2 credit ▪ semester exam ▪ Basic module ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 2

Number of hours/semester: 28 lectures + 0 practices + 0 seminars = total of 28 hours Course headcount limitations (min-max.): min. 5 – max. 100

Prerequisites: OPABM1 completed Topic

The physical chemistry deals with the basic properties and structure of the matter. It discusses the chemical properties, events, reactions and interactions generally, using the tools of physics. This basic course on physical chemistry helps the students to understand the basic principles of chemistry and to handle quantitatively the chemical problems. The course intends to acquaint the students with the ways of calculating some basic physical chemical properties, changes, parameters needed for successful experimental work.

The following main chapters are be discussed:

The laws of thermodynamics, and state functions The thermo chemistry and experimental techniques The chemical equilibrium

Properties of gases, liquids and solids, Phase transitions Transport processes, kinetic theory of gases,

Rate distribution law

Reaction kinetics

Electrochemistry

The structure of the matter, atoms, chemical bonding Physical chemical basis of some instrumental methods

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

The exam starts with a short written test. The students solve simple physical chemistry problems and answer basic questions about definitions, equations. Usually 20 questions are given. If the 10 of these are answered correctly than the student gets two randomly selected questions from the text covered in the lectures. After a short preparation time the oral section starts. The student standing in front of a black board, using chalk presents his answers. Score from 1 to 5 can be obtained. In case of failing in the written test or obtaining 1; the entire exam has to be repeated.

Making up for missed classes

Being absent from three lectures will be tolerated. Text book and electronic hand out matter help students to catch up.

Reading material

1. P.W. Atkins and J. de Paula: Physical Chemistry, 8th _{edition, Oxford University Press 2002}

2. R. A. Alberty and R.J. Silbey: Physical Chemistry, 4th _{edition, John Wiley 2002}

3. K. J. Laidler, J. H. Meiser and B. C. Santuary: Physical Chemistry, Houghton Mifflin Company 2003

Lectures

1 The scope of physical chemistry. The gas state, perfect and real gases, transport processes in gases, diffusion heat conduction, and viscosity. Heat capacity and structure in gases. The principle of corresponding states

Dr. Nagy Géza

2 Work heat and energy, basic concepts in thermodynamics, expansion work, internal energy. The first law, reversible and irreversible expansion

Dr. Nagy Géza

3 Enthalpy, Calorimetry, Thermo chemistry, Hess’s law, Kirchhoff’s law, Adiabatic changes Dr. Nagy Géza

4 TG, TA, DSC methods for investigation different processes, formation enthalpy Dr. Nagy Géza

5 Heat capacity, Joule-Thomson effect, changes in internal energy Dr. Nagy Géza

6 The second law, entropy, changing of entropy in different processes, heat pumps, the Carnot cycle Dr. Nagy Géza

7 The third law of thermodynamics, The Helmholz and Gibbs energies, combination of the first and second Laws, the fundamental equation

8 Phase diagrams, stability of phases, phase transition, Clausius Clapeyron equation, supercritical fluids Dr. Nagy Géza

9 Dependence of phase stability on temperature and pressure Dr. Nagy Géza

10 Pressure over curved surfaces, the surface tension, the Laplace equation, the Kelvin equation, capillary action Dr. Nagy Géza

11 Partial molar quantities, the thermodynamics of mixing, chemical potential of liquids, Gibbs Duham equation, Raoult’s law, Henry’s law. Properties of liquid mixtures

Dr. Nagy Géza

12 Colligative properties, lowering of freezing point, elevation of boiling point, osmosis Dr. Nagy Géza

13 Distillation, vapor pressure diagrams, the phase rule, liquid-liquid phase diagrams, liquid solid phase diagrams Dr. Nagy Géza

14 Chemical equilibrium, effect of pressure and temperature on equilibrium Dr. Nagy Géza

15 The kinetic model of gases, collision with walls and surfaces, effusion Dr. Nagy Géza

16 The rates of chemical reactions. Basic equations in case of elementary processes. Ways of studying reaction rate, Determination of ages by reaction kinetic base

Dr. Nagy Géza

17 Rate of complex reactions, consecutive reactions, parallel reactions, reactions approaching equilibrium Dr. Nagy Géza

18 Lindemann - Hinshelwood mechanism, steady state, rate laws of chain reaction, explosions, Dr. Nagy Géza

19 Enzyme catalysis, autocatalysis, oscillating reactions Dr. Nagy Géza

20 Heterogeneous reactions, photochemical reactions, polymerization Dr. Nagy Géza

21 The rate coefficient, collision theory, diffusion controlled reactions, Arrhenius equation Dr. Nagy Géza

22 Electrolytes, Debye-Hückel theory, mean activity coefficient, ionic strength. Formation enthalpy of ions. Dr. Nagy Géza

23 Conductivity in electrolytes, transfer number, conductivity measurements, its applications, Kohlrausch’s law, Ostwald’s dilution law

Dr. Nagy Géza

24 Electrode potential, electrodes, Nernst equation, Galvan cells, potentiometric cells, ion selective electrodes, the diffusion potential

Dr. Nagy Géza

25 Electrode processes, polarization, over potential, Tafel equation Dr. Nagy Géza

26 Polarization curves, Cottrell experiment, Faraday’s laws, electrolysis, Voltammetry, CV, corrosion Dr. Nagy Géza

27 Physical chemistry basis of instrumental methods, Spectroscopy Dr. Nagy Géza

28 Physical chemistry basis of instrumental methods, magnetic, electrical properties. Dr. Nagy Géza

Practices Seminars

Exam topics/questions

The gas state, perfect and real gases, transport processes in gases, diffusion heat conduction, and viscosity, Heat capacity and structure in gases. The principle of corresponding states

Work heat and energy, basic concepts in thermodynamics, expansion work, internal energy, The first law, reversible and irreversible expansion

Enthalpy, Calorimetry, Thermo chemistry, Hess law, Kirchhoff law, Adiabatic changes TG, TA, DSC methods for investigation different processes, formation enthalpy Heat capacity, Joule-Thomson effect, changes in internal energy

The Second law, entropy, changing of entropy in different processes, heat pumps, the Carnot cycle The third law of thermodynamics

The Helmholz and Gibbs energies, combination of the first and second Laws, the fundamental equation Phase diagrams, stability of phases, phase transition, Clausius Clapeyron equation, supercritical fluids, Dependence of phase stability on temperature and pressure,

Pressure over curved surfaces, the surface tension, the Laplace equation, the Kelvin equation, capillary action

Partial molar quantities, the thermodynamics of mixing, chemical potential of liquids, Gibbs Duham equation, Raoult’s law, Henry’s law. Properties of liquid mixtures

Colligative properties, lowering of freezing point, elevation of boiling point, osmosis

Distillation, vapor pressure diagrams, the phase rule, liquid-liquid phase diagrams, liquid solid phase diagrams Chemical equilibrium, effect of pressure and temperature on equilibrium, the description of equilibrium. The kinetic model of gases, collision with walls and surfaces, effusion,

The rates of chemical reactions, Basic equations in case of elementary processes. Ways of studying reaction rate, Determination of ages by reaction kinetic base

Rate of complex reactions, consecutive reactions, parallel reactions, reactions approaching equilibrium, Lindemann - Hinshelwood mechanism, steady state, rate laws of chain reaction, explosions,

Enzyme catalysis, autocatalysis, oscillating reactions,

Heterogeneous reactions, photochemical reactions, polymerization

The rate coefficient, collision theory, diffusion controlled reactions, Arrhenius equation,

Electrolytes, Debye-Hückel theory, mean activity coefficient, ionic strength. Formation enthalpy of ions.

Conductivity in electrolytes, transfer number, conductivity measurements, its applications, Kohlrausch’s law, Ostwald’s dilution law Electrode potential, electrodes, Nernst equation

Galvan cells, potentiometric cells, ion selective electrodes, the diffusion potential Electrode processes, polarization, over potential, Tafel equation

Polarization curves, Cottrell experiment, Faraday’s laws, electrolysis Voltammetry, CV, corrosion