El expedicionario como alegoría del Nuevo Mesías

Kalrez^TM n: a trademark for a specially compounded fluoroelastomer for extreme temperature, pressure, and hostile environment service. See elastomer, ftuoroelastomer.

kaolinite n: Al2Si205(OH)4, a light-coloured clay mineral.

KB abbr: kelly bushing; used in drilling reports.

K capture n: an interaction in which a nucleus captures an electron from the K shell of atomic electrons (shell nearest the nucleus) and emits a neutrino.

keel n: a centreline strength tube running fore and aft along the bottom of a ship or a floating offshore drilling rig and forming the backbone of the structure.

keeper n: an exploration well intended for completion.

keep whole n: provision in gas processing agreements that essentially allows the producer to receive at least an amount equal to the proceeds the producer would have been entitled to had he or she sold the gas at the wellhead without processing.

kelly n: the heavy steel tubular device, four- or six-sided, suspended from the swivel through the rotary table and connected to the top joint of drill pipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table turns. It has a bored passageway that permits fluid to be circulated into the drill stem and up the annulus, or vice versa. Kellys manufactured to API specifications are available only in four- or six-sided versions, are either 40 or 54 feet (12 to 16 metres) long, and have diameters as small as 2112 inches (6 centimetres) and as large as 6 inches (15 centimetres).

kelly bushing (KB) n: a special device placed around the kelly that mates with the kelly flats and fits into the master bushing of the rotary table. The kelly bushing is designed so that the kelly is free to move up or down through it. The bottom of the bushing may be shaped to fit the opening in the master bushing or it may have pins that fit 'into the master bushing. In either case, when the kelly bushing is inserted into the master bushing and the master bushing is turned, the kelly bushing also turns. Since the kelly bushing fits onto the kelly, the kelly turns, and since the kelly is made up to the

drill stem, the drill stem turns. Also called the drive bushing. See kelly, master bushing.

kelly bushing lock assembly n: a feature on four-pin kelly bushings installed on floating offshore rigs (which employ a conventional rotary table assembly) that secures the kelly bushing's pins to the master bushing's corresponding drive holes so that the kelly bushing will not separate from (lift off of) the master bushing as the rig heaves up and down with wind and wave motion. See kelly bushing, master bushing.

kelly bushing rollers n pi: rollers in the kelly bushing that roll against the flat sides of the kelly and allow it to move freely upward or downward. Also called drive rollers.

kelly bypass n: a system of valves and piping that allows drilling fluid to be circulated without the use of the kelly.

kelly cock n: a valve installed at one or both ends of the kelly. When a high-pressure backflow occurs inside the drill stem, the valve is closed to keep pressure off the swivel and rotary hose. See lower kelly cock, upper kelly cock.

kelly flat n: one of the flat sides of a kelly.

Also called a flat.

kelly hose n: see rotary hose.

kelly joint n: see kelly.

kelly saver sub n: a heavy and relatively short length of pipe that fits in the drill stem between the kelly and the drill pipe. The threads of the drill pipe mate with those of the sub, minimising wear on the kelly.

kelly spinner n: a pneumatically operated device mounted on top of the kelly that, when actuated, causes the kelly to turn or spin. It is useful when the kelly or a joint of pipe attached to it must be spun up, that is, rotated rapidly for being made up.

kelly sub n: see kelly saver sub.

kelvin (K) n: the fundamental unit of thermodynamic temperature in the metric system. See kelvin temperature scale.

kelvin temperature scale n: a temperature scale with the degree interval of the Celsius scale and the zero point at absolute zero.

On the kelvin scale, water freezes at 273.16.

and boils at 373.16.. See absolute temperature scale.

kerosene n: a light, flammable hydrocarbon fuel or solvent.

key n: 1. a hook-shaped wrench that fits the square shoulder of a sucker rod and is used when rods are pulled or run into a pumping oilwell. Usually used in pairs; one key backs up and the other breaks out or makes up the rod. Also called a rod wrench. 2. a slender strip of metal that is used to fasten a wheel or a gear onto a shaft. The key fits into slots in the shaft and in the wheel or gear. v: to use a cotter key to prevent a nut from coming loose from a bolt or a stud.

keyseat n: 1. an undergauge channel or groove cut in the side of the bore- hole and parallel to the axis of the hole. A key seat results from the rotation of pipe on a sharp bend in the hole. 2. a groove cut parallel to the axis in a shaft or a pulley bore.

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keyseat barge 113 knockout

keyseat barge n: a barge in which the mast is placed over a channel cut out of the side of the barge and through which drilling or workover operations are performed.

keyseat reamer n: see keyseat wiper.

keyseat wiper n: a device used to ream out a hole where keyseating has occurred.

Usually a bumper sub is used first to loosen stuck pipe from a sharp bend, and then a keyseat wiper is used to enlarge the hole at the keyseat caused by the pipe. Also called a keyseat reamer. See keyseat. key valve n: see shutoff valve.

keyway n: a slot in the edge of the barge hull of a jackup drilling unit over which the drilling rig is mounted and through which drilling tools are lowered and removed from the well being drilled. Compare cantilevered jackup.

K factor n: nominal pulses per unit volume.

Used in design of meters.

kg abbr: kilogram.

KGS abbr: known geologic structures.

kick n: an entry of water, gas, oil, or other formation fluid into the wellbore during drilling. It occurs because the pressure exerted by the column of drilling fluid is not great enough to overcome the pressure exerted by the fluids in the formation drilled.

If prompt action is not taken to control the kick. or kill the well, a blowout may occur.

See blowout.

kick fluids n pi: oil, gas, water, or any combination that enters the borehole from a permeable formation.

kick off v: 1. to bring a well into production;

used most often when gas is injected into a gas lift well to start production. 2. in workover operations, to swab a well to restore it to production. 3. to deviate a wellbore from the vertical, as in directional drilling.

kickoff point (KOP) n: the depth in a vertical hole at which a deviated or slant hole is started; used in directional drilling.

kickoff pressure n: the gas pressure required to kick off a gas lift well, usually

greater than that required to maintain the well in production. See gas lift.

kickoff tool n: see deflection tool.

kickstand valve n: see flapper valve.

kick tolerance n: the amount of pressure that the casing seat can take without fracturing. It is calculated from the height and volume of the kick in the well.

kill v: 1. in drilling, to control a kick by taking suitable preventive measures (e.g., to shut in the well with the blowout preventers, circulate the kick out, and increase the weight of the drilling mud). 2. in production, to stop a well from producing oil and gas so that reconditioning of the well can proceed.

Production is stopped by cir- culating a kill fluid into the hole.

kin fluid n: drilling mud of a weight great enough to equal or exceed the pressure exerted by formation fluids.

kin line n: a pipe attached to the blowout preventer stack, into which mud or cement can be pumped to overcome the pressure of a kick. Sometimes used when normal kill procedures (circulating kill fluids down the drill stem) are not sufficient.

kill rate n: the speed, or velocity, of the mud pump used when killing a well. Usually measured in strokes per minute, it is considerably slower than the rate used for normal operations.

kill rate pressure n: the pressure exerted by the mud pump (and read on the standpipe or drill pipe pressure gauge) when the pump's speed is reduced to a speed lower than that used during normal drilling. A kill rate pressure or several kill rate pressures are estab- lished for use when a kick is being circulated out of the wellbore.

Also called p-low.

kill sheet n: a printed form that contains blank spaces for recording information about killing a well. It is provided to remind personnel of the necessary steps to take to kill a well.

kill string n: small-diameter tubing that is used inside production tubing for continuous injection of specialised fluids such as corrosion inhibitors or kill fluids. Sometimes used to refer to the drill string through which kill fluids are circulated in drilling.

kilogram n: the metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 grams.

kilogram calories n pi: the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilo- gram of water 1°C.

kilogram-metre (kg-m) n: in the metric system, a unit of measure of twisting force, of a strand; other wires in the strand are laid around this wire. or torque. The amount of energy required to move I kilogram I metre vertically.

kilometre (km) n: a metric unit of length equal to 1,000 metres. One kilometre equals .62 miles.

kilopascal n: 1,000 pascals.

kilovolt-amperes n pi: the product of the number of kilovolts and the number of amperes in a circuit.

kilowatt n: a metric unit of power equal to approximately 1.34 horsepower.

kilowatt-hour n: the power of I kilowatt applied for I hour.

kinematic viscosity n: the absolute viscosity of a fluid divided by the density of the fluid at the temperature of the viscosity measurement. Usually expressed in square metres/second.

kinetic energy n: energy possessed by a.

body because of its motion.

kinetic momentum principle n: the principle that recognises the fact that, when a sample of fluid is vibrated by a weight in contact with the fluid, both the mass of the fluid and the mass of the weight increase.

kinetic pressure n: the pressure exerted by a gas under ideal conditions.

kinetic theory n: describes the behaviour of gas molecules in a confined space.

king wire n: in a wire rope, the centre wire of a strand; other wires in the strand are laid around this wire.

kink n: a loop in a wire rope that, having been pulled tight, causes permanent distortion.

kip n: a unit of weight or force equal to 1,000 pounds (4,448 newtons).

Kirchoff's second law n: the law stating that, at each instant of time, the increase in voltage around a closed loop in a network is equal to the algebraic sum of the voltage drops.

Klinkenberg correction n: used to convert air permeability values to equivalent liquid permeability values to obtain an accurate reading of permeability in laboratory analysis of core samples.

Klinkenberg effect n: the difference in the flow of a gas and of a liquid through a formation. The difference occurs because gas molecules flow uniformly through small, interconnected pores. Liquid molecules tend to move faster through the centre of a pore than along the sides.

knockout n: any liquid condensed from a stream by a scrubber following compression and cooling.

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knockout drops 114 kwh, KWH, kw-h

knockout drops n pi: (slang) chemical used to treat an oilfield emulsion when it is being tested to determine the amount of treating chemical required to break the emulsion.

knockout plug n: a plugging device used to effect a dry tubing during run in. It is opened by knocking it out of the tubing; used with retainer and packers.

knockout pot n: a vessel that is placed in a pipeline or pipeline sample line and arranged to remove entrained liquids or solids by gravitational means.

knot n: a unit of speed equal to I nautical mile (1.852 kilometres or about I y, statute miles) per hour.

knowledge box n: (slang) the cupboard or desk in which the driller keeps the various records pertaining to a drilling operation.

knuckle joint n: a deflection tool, placed above the drill bit in the drill stem. with a ball and socket arrangement that allows the tool to be deflected at an angle; used in directional drilling. It is useful in fishing operations because it allows the fishing tool to be deflected to the side of the hole, where a fish may have come to rest.

KO abbr: kicked off; used in drilling reports.

KOP abbr: kickoff point.

kPa abbr: kilopascal.

K shell n: the shell of electrons nearest the nucleus in an atom.

Ksi abbr: one thousand pounds per square inch.

k V abbr: kilovolt.

K value n: see vapour-liquid equilibrium ratio.

KW abbr: kilowatt.

kwh, KWH, kw-h abbr: kilowatt-hour.

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