2.1. Viaje al mito
2.4.1. El origen: Filliou y Beuys
Sexual minority women who have survived sexual violence experience many of the same problems as sexual majority women with two unique and notable features. Heteronormativity in our culture limits the types of resources necessary for this community and serves as a barrier to accessing currently existing resources. Pervasive cultural stereotypes which tie women’s sexual identity to histories of traumatic experience are demeaning and cause unnecessary stress and hardship in women’s process of identity formation. Further, the toll of simultaneously making meaning of one’s sexual assault experience and same-sex sexuality are currently unknown.
In order to adequately address the needs and experiences of this community, sexual violence intervention and prevention efforts must attend to the unique factors that affect sexual minority women who have survived assault. Services and resources (e.g., therapeutic practices and printed materials) must be critically self-aware of whether their approach assumes that survivors are heterosexual. Three specific recommendations generated from these data for professionals in this line of work are (1) carefully consider pronoun usage in all communication, including print materials, (2) provide relationship and sex therapy services or resources that do not focus solely on heterosexual intercourse, and (3) acknowledge the existence of same-gendered assault, working to develop culturally competent services for this subset of survivors.
While the above three recommendations will assist the field in making strides towards cultural competence, professionals must also keep in mind that just as with any community, there is great variation in sexual minority women’s lives that impact their experiences of sexual
violence. Basic considerations should be made to not exclude survivors from resources post-assault based on their sexuality. When working with survivors individually, variation in age, nationality, religion, geographic location, (dis)ability status and other unique features of her history may provide insights into her specific experience and needs. Professionals within the field of sexual violence should reflect the diversity of this population. Services and service providers who are knowledgeable about, and ideally reflect the values and experiences of their clients may be better positioned to provide the type and quality of care needed.
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APPENDICES
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Appendix A!
Consent Form Approved by Georgia State University IRB December 08, 2011 - September 14, 2012
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Appendix B
Interview Protocol
I appreciate you taking the time to meet with me. As you know, I’ve been looking for sexual minority women to speak to about their experiences with sexual violence. When I say sexual minority, I’m ultimately talking about anyone who doesn’t identify as heterosexual, experiences some level of same-sex attraction, or whose gender is different than what was assigned to them at birth.
I identify as a lesbian and I work in a research lab that does work on sexual violence and other types of violence against women. But I have been stunned by how little has been written about non-heterosexual women’s experiences. Sexual violence has impacted my life, and the lives of so many people really close to me that I decided I have a responsibility to do my part to ensure that some of this research also reflects our experiences. It is a matter of social justice for me and I couldn’t do this without people like you willing to share their stories. So thank you.
I want us to go through this consent form together and discuss anything that isn’t clear.
[Review consent form]
Do you want to pick a name for you that we can use during the interview? I will also use this name when I write about the research project. That way you will stay anonymous.
[Choose pseudonym]
Ok, and before we get started, if I ask you anything that you would rather not answer just let me know and we will move on. I am going to try and interject as little as possible. I’m more
interested in hearing you speak about your experiences, like telling me your story, rather than a traditional interview. If I don’t react much, it isn’t in reference to anything you share but more about me trying to step back and just let you talk.
One last thing: If you want to stop at any point that is ok too. The information that you can share with me is really important but it is even more important to me that you’re comfortable with our conversation ok? Any questions before we start?
First, just tell me a bit about yourself, like how old you are, where you are from, how you describe your ethnicity and sexuality – stuff like that.
Consistent with phenomenological interviewing, the focus of the interview will be on hearing participants’ narratives. Therefore, the interview will be as open-ended as possible, with me providing very little input. Two primary questions will be asked:
1. Will you tell me about your experience(s) of sexual violence?
2. Has this/these experience(s) impacted your sexuality and/or sexual identity? If so, can you tell me about that?
Prompts will be used as little as possible during this interview. However, if participants need prompting in order to ‘tell their story’, some of the prompts identified bellow may be used.
Although they will be used sparingly, and this list of potential prompts is lengthy, prompts will not be limited to those outlined below.
[If necessary to prompt the interviewee, I may use the following]
How old are you?
Where are you from?
How long have you lived in Atlanta?
How would you describe your ethnicity?
How would you describe your sexuality?
Have you always identified this way?
[If changed] Do you know when this changed?
When did you first know you were _____?
Ok, we will come back to sexuality. But now I would like for you to tell me about your experiences of sexual violence.
[If necessary to prompt the interviewee, I may use the following]
Was this the only time?
[If no] How many other times did this happen?
What were those other times like?
Where were you/what was going on?
Who did it?
Did you/how did you know them?
What happened afterwards?
Did you need any type of care right afterwards? (mental, physical) Did you tell anyone?
How were you treated?
How were you doing/how did you cope?
How/does the rape effect you today?
Does it effect your daily life?
Can you/do you talk about it?
Is it important to talk about?
There has been very little research on how rape effects women’s sexuality. Can you talk about how or if your experiences impacted your sexuality or future sexual experiences with women?
[If necessary, prompts may include the following.]
Can we talk about what your sexuality and sexual identity were like before the assault?
You identified as ______ beginning around age ______?
Up until the time of the assault, did you still identify that way?
Do you remember being primarily attracted to certain genders?
Were you dating women/men?
Sleeping with women/men at that time?
Did friends/family know?
And do you think anything changed after the assault?
Identification?
Identification?