El riesgo de auditoría 16

The only method that determines if a product can withstand wind-borne debris impacts is by laboratory testing, which means that the verification of impact resistance at the residence site must rely upon documentation and labeling of laboratory-tested products. Shutter products usually have labels or embossed stamps indicating they have been tested and they have passed one of the following standards:

Miami-Dade PLAINTIFF'S ATTORNEYS 201,202, & 203 (verified through Dade County Notice of Acceptance)

SSTD 12-97 (verified with documentation that the product has passed this test). ASTM E 1996 9-pound missile (verified with documentation).

Most insurers will require documentation from the manufacturer that attests to this testing standard. These tests use an air cannon to launch a "missile," usually in form of a board, such as a 2x4, at the shutter.

BASIC LEVEL PROTECTION

All glass openings are protected with a shutter or impact resistant glazing that meets the ASTM E 1996 –4.5-pound missile test. Most insurance companies will require documentation from the manufacturer that attests to this testing standard.

ORDINARY LEVEL PROTECTION

Some companies offer credits when all glass openings are protected with a shutter that does NOT meet the impact standards indicated. Requirements will vary according to the insurance company, but as a general rule, they require certification that the product was designed for a cer- tain wind pressure or has certain features that can be verified by a qualified inspector.

UPGRADE ENTRY DOORS

Building codes require that at least one door be useable at all times to provide entry and exit when storm shutters are in place. Accordion-type shutters can be used to cover a door that opens into the house, provided the shutter can be opened and closed from the inside and the outside. If there is no such shutter or a rated door that can be installed, therefore, at least one door must be replaced with a product meeting the SFBC (or SSTD 12-97) requirements for impact and wind resistance. All other doors must be rated or equipped with shutter devices meeting the state re- quirements and all doors are installed according to the manufacturer's specifications.

38 SKYLIGHTS

Skylights must meet the SFBC or SSTD 12-97 requirements and are otherwise, treated as any other opening. If the skylight does not meet these requirements and should, therefore, be replaced, at this time there is a question as to whether such retrofits are available.

STUDY QUESTIOS – SECTIO TWO

1. There are two area of reinforcing, a roof. One is using a roof covering (shingles, tile, etc.) and the other is

A. making sure that that the roof deck sheathing can adequately protect the room during a storm.

B. reforming the roof structure from a hip roof to a gable roof. C. reforming the roof structure from a gable roof to a hip roof.

D. making sure that the roof-wall fastening and structure is made of metal clips, particularly where the roof and the walls are of the same material.

2. For all openings in the house to be protected properly, all openings into the house must be protected

A. with corrugated steel or aluminum.

B. with metal shutters on doors, plywood on windows.

C. with products that have been tested according to one of the wind pressure and impact testing results.

D. so that it can provide both access and egress.

3. The most common roof deck types in residential construction are A. dimensional lumber.

B. concrete.

C. wooden shingle.

D. plywood and OSB decks.

4. The major reason that dimensional lumber decks are stronger than plywood/OSB decks is be- cause

A. they are attached with screws instead of nails.

B. they are attached with more nails than that used in plywood/OSB decks. C. dimensional lumber decks are made out of pressed wood.

D. they are reinforced with strips of sheet metal. 5. "8d Nails @ 6/6 means

A. a dozen of 8 oz nails applied every 6 ft wide, 6 ft. high.

B. 2 ½ inch nails spaced at every 6 inches on the edge only of the sheathing. C. 2 ½ inch nails spaced at every 6" on the edge and every 6" on the interior of the

sheathing.

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6. How trusses that are anchored to the wall can resist the upward force that winds can exert on the roof refers to

A. the roof framing.

B. the roof-wall connection. C. foundation-wall connection. D. Clips.

7. The most common method of nailing or screwing at an angle through the truss into the top plate of the wall is

A. plattening. B. the use of clips.

C. the use of double or single wrap hangers. D. toe-nailing.

8. Masonry construction is built from poured concrete, insulated concrete forms (ICF), or A. concrete block masonry units (CMS's).

B. solid concrete forms. C. bricks.

D. stacked and grouted stones.

9. A technique used to protect the interior of the building when the roof cover and the under- layment blows off during a storm is called

A. reinforced sheathing.

B. Secondary Water Resistance. C. Underlayment Reinforcement. D. Secondary Roofing.

10. There is a difference between tile roof and shingle roofs in respect to the damage that can be created by high winds, such as the fact that tile is heavier thereby giving added weight to the roof, and also

A. shingle roof covers are more vulnerable to debris impact damage and are more expensive to replace.

B. tile roofs are much less expensive to replace.

C. tile roofs are more expensive to replace but are less vulnerable to debris impact damage. D. shingle roofs just hold up better in high wind and for longer periods of time.

ASWERS TO STUDY QUESTIOS 1A 2C 3D 4B 5C 6B 7D 8A 9B 10C

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