5. Simulaciones 18
5.3. El tipo de cambio como herramienta de pol´ıtica
9. Akhandanama Japam ‐ 4th Sunday of every month Incarnation of Goddess India has ever been the holy land of gods and goddesses. Since ages past, men and women kings and emperors, saints and sages here were worshipping the Lord not only as the omnipotent
and absolute 'one' but also as the 'one' whose manifestations are varied and manifold and who possesses different names, forms and divine attributes. Thus Almighty the Eternal God was worshipped in different forms such as Brahma, Vishnu and Siva, and their consorts; representing specific divine attributes of the Lord. Ancient puranas have described that Siva and Sakthi were simultaneously worshipped from the period of Aryans and Dravidians. Vishnumaya took the incarnation of Bhagavathy to annihilate evil and protect the good in this world. She grants every wish of Her devotees and resides in their hearts in multifarious forms.
Story of Kannaki
According to mythology, Attukal Bhagavathy is supposed to be the divinised form of "Kannaki", the famous heroine of Chilappatikaram, the sangham work of Tamil Literature written by
ilamkovadikal. After the destruction of the ancient city of Madurai, Kannaki left that city and reached Kerala via Kanyakumari and on her way to Kodungalloor took a sojourn at Attukal. The hymns of the "Thottampattu ) sung during the annual temple festival, are based on the story of
Kannaki. Moreover, architectural depictions of Goddess Kannaki seen on the Gopuram temple substantiate this mythology. Small wonder then. that, Sri. Vidyadhiraja Chattambi Swamy, the well known saint of Kerala, found this temple premises ideal for his meditations. And there are so many stories which prove the greatness of the Goddess and which attract thousands of devotees to the temple.
Aesthetics of Architecture
Anyone visiting the Attukal temple is first struck by the beauty and charm of the temple architecture. The temple structure is a harmonious conglomeration of both Kerala and Tamil styles of architecture. The beautifully carved figures of Mahishasuramarddini, Goddess Kali, Rajarajeswari, Sree Parvathy with Lord Paramasiva and various other depictions of the Goddess in and around the temple are undoubtedly the work of a gifted artist. Equally well presented around the corridors surrounding the temple, are the depiction of various other Gods and the epic stories of the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu viz., the "Desavathara". On either side of the elegant front gopura ‐ are the icons based on the story of Goddess Kannaki. On the southern Gopura, the puranic story of "Dakshayaga" is depicted in sculptures. The decorated gate at the entrance of the temple is by itself an excellent example of architectural beauty.
There are two idols of the Goddess in the sanctum sanctorum. The original idol is preserved in all its pristine beauty covered in ornamental gold embedded with installed stones.
The second idol of the Goddess is installed besides the original one. Within the temple corridors are also installed carvings and sculptures of Lord Ganesan, the serpent God and Lord Shiva. At the centre of the Sanctum within the Sreekovil, at a consecrated spot is installed the idol of the Goddess Attukal Bhagavathy emanating light and lustre to all.
40‐Triprayar Rama Temple
Like the neighboring states in Kerala also the number of temples dedicated to Rama are very few. One of them is the famous Truprayar temple. This temple is about 20 km from the town of Trichur. It is between Kodungallor and Guruvayur. ,. The river flowing through this village is called Truprayar Puzha.
It seems once fishermen trying to catch fish in the sea , got 4 statutes. They were not able to identify them and took it to the house of Vaykkal Kaimal. Recognizing the
divinity in the statues, as is usual, daiva prasnam was done. They came to know that the statues are that of Rama, Bharatha, Lakshmana and Shatrugna. The god ordered them to consecrate Rama in Truprayar and other Gods in near by places. This order of God was followed. Rama was consecrated in Truprayar, Bharatha in Irinjalakuda, Lakshmana in Moozhikulam and Shatrugna in Payamel.
They heard a divine voice tell them that Rama idol has to be consecrated in a place shown by a divine peacock bird. In spite of waiting for long, the bird did not come. So they consecrated the idol in a place chosen by them . Later the divine bird did come and sat in another place. The people constructed a big Balikkal in that place. But the Balikkal started moving on its own. A great Mahatma called Narayanathu Branthan hit a nail and fixed the Balikkal in a place. Even today we can see the hole of the nail in the Balikkal.
There is a belief that going round the temple should include that Balikkal also . The God Rama in this temple has four hands .He holds the wheel, conch, Kodanda bow and Akshamala in his hands. He is surrounded by Goddess Lakshmi and Goddess Bhoodevi on both sides. It is believed that it was Vilwamangalam Swamiyar who consecrated Goddess Lakshmi and Bhoodevi in this temple. When he was on a visit to this temple , he saw the Bhoodevi and Sridevi enter the temple for doing Pooja through the western gate , He consecrated them there it self and ordered the western gate should be closed for ever, to have their divine presence always and for ever.. There is no temple of Hanuman in this place but it is believed that Hanuman is always present here. Daily beaten rice is offered to him in the Mukha mandapam. In the south of the sanctum sanctorum , there is a temple for Dakshinamurthy. , Ganesa and Ayyappa. Gingelly lamp is offered as worship to this Ayyappa on Saturdays. Strangely there is a temple for Chathan(devil) Sami near this temple. People believe that Chathan Sami is the son of Lord Rama.
There is a reference to this temple in one of the ancient works of Malayalam called Kokasandesham. Taking this in to account , it is clear that this temple was very famous even in the fourteenth century.
The three main festivals of this temple are the Ekadasi of Krishna Paksha in the month of Vruschiga(November‐December) called Truprayar Ekadasi, , Mageeram of the month of Meenam (March‐April) and Arattupuzhapuram.
On the Ekadasi day the God travels our of the temple with 21 elephants and goes to see his son at Chathan Sami Temple. When this procession nears the Avanangadu Shiva temple, it moves silently till it passes the temple. It seems once Lord Rama promised Lord Shiva of Avanangadu that he would give paddy which has been grown within a day and a coconut. Since he was not able to fulfill this promise. Lord Rama prefers Lord Shiva not to know about his passing by this temple. Arattupuzha pooram is held in Arattupuzha with 101 elephants coming from 101 temples. The leader of the group is the Lord of Truprayar.
There is a belief that if we are able to start from this Rama Temple and see the other three temples of his brothers in nearby places before noon, we would get our wishes fulfilled. This is called Nalambalam Kanal. There are special buses starting from Truprayar , in the early morning for this purpose.
Thiruvegappura Maha deva kshethram
Thiruvegapura is a village in Ottapalam Taluka in Palakkad District. It is on the Pattambi – Valancherry Road , 5 Kms from Valancherry. Thiruvegapura is the Gateway of
Palakkad District as one reaches Malappuram District on crossing the Thutha puzha river bridge which is bordering the village. It is a typical Valluvanadan village with
beautiful landscape and vegetation on the banks of Thutha Puzha, a tributary of Bharata Puzha. The people are mainly Hindus and Muslims. Hindus consists of Nairs,
Nambuthiris and ambalavasi communities. Fairly a good number of Nambuthiri Illams are there in this village. Only three Tamil Brahmin families were staying here out of which one family has moved out. This village has produced many eminent people:
Famous Sanskrit scholar, Thiruvegapura Anayath Krishna Pisharody was the Guru of Manavedan Raja, the then Zamorin Raja of Kozhikode . All are aware that Manadevan Raja started Krishnanattam, the present day Kathakali and Pisharoti, being his Guru was also involved in the development of Kathakali. World famous magician
Prof.Vaazhakunnam, was a native of this village. Chenda maestro Thiruvegapura Rama Poduval who excelled in Thayambaka during his days, poet and Shaakunthalam
translator Cheruliyil Kunchunni Nambeesan and Scientist Dr. T.M.K. Nedungadi a close disciple of Prof. C.V.Raman, Nobel Laureate, are all from Thiruvegapura.
Temple:
Thiruvegapura is famous for the Mahadeva Kshetram. This Siva Temple is on the banks of Thutha Puzha, a tributary of Bharatha Puzha. This temple is built in the 14th century and is unique in many ways. The main deities are Lord Sivan, Lord Sankaranarayanan and Lord Krishnan. The sthalapuranam says that the Lingam was founded by Garudan.
Garudan was bringing the idol from Himalayas and the muhurtham time was fast approaching. The Lord ask Garudan to fly fast (Vegam parakkanam) and thus the name Thiru vegam para. This is one of the few temples, where you can find in the inner prakaram three separate Sreekovils for the three deities with three flag posts
(Kodimaram), three balikallu at the entrances, also three separate sets of upadevatas like small balikallu and stone navagrahams around the garbhagrahams. Apart from these three deities, Ganapathy prathishta is there in the inner prakaram on the right side of Siva. In the inner prakaram big homakundam built with stone, which looks like a well from outside is there. In olden days on Vaikkathashtami day Vasordhara homam (continuous pouring of ghee without break in to the homakundam with chanting of manthras) was conducted here. In the outer prakaram, the Koothambalam is there in the south – east corner which is very large with exquisite typical Kerala architecture. (bigger than the one at Guruvayur). Padma Shri Mani Madhava Chakyar used to perform
Chakyar Koothu and Koodiyattam here for decades. In the outer prakaram we have the prathishta for Sastha, Erinjoodan (Thripuranthakan), and Kirathamoorthy. Here the abhishekajalam and water for Neivedhyam are brought from the river by the Nambuthiri who is doing the poojas.
Offerings:
The main offerings are Divasa pooja, Palpayasam and Sathasathayam. Koovalamala, Nei Vilakku are also offered by devotees.
Festivals:
Vaikkathashtami is celebrated in Vrischika Masam. Sivarathri is important in
Kumbamasam. Ulsavam for eight days are celebrated from Kumbha Masam Uthrttathi . Ulsavam ends with arattu on the last day.
Income:
The temple gets an amount from Guruvayur Dewasthanam and Devaswon board. This is just sufficient to do poojas. The temple is in a dilapilated stage and needs urgent repairs.
Timings:
The temple is open in the morning up to 9.30 – 10AM and in the evening up to 7.30PM . How to reach:
The temple is situated in the Pattambi – Valanchery route. Buses are there from Palakkad, Pattanbi, Valanchery etc. One has to take the ticket to Ambalanada stop. Nearest Railway stationis Kuttippuram
Thiruvegapura Nearby places : Vettekaran (Kirathamoorthy):
In Thiruvegapura, there is a famous Kirathamoorthy temple managed by Padinjarepattu Mana. In this temple the prathishta is Lord Vettekaran (Kirathamoorthy) and his consort Kiratha lady (Parvathy) Thousands of people visit this temple and fulfil their wishes.
Naranathu Branthan, Rayiranellur Mala :
Naranathu Branthan was one of the 12 sons sons of Parayi and Vararuchi in the story of Parayi petta panthirukulam. This Mala is at Naduvattom, 3 Kms from Thiruvegapura.
Here the hill has a height of 500 feet with an area of 300 acres. Naranathu Branthan got Devi darshan at this place.The place where Naranathu Branthan got vision of Devi is converted into a temple. There is no idol here but Devi’s foot print has formed a pit and it is in this pit, a Goddess shrine was built later. The pit is the incessant source for water and being on the hill top, the water in the pit never went down (never dried up).
Thousands of people outside and inside Kerala visit the place to have blessings from the Devi on every year on the next day of Deepavali in the month of Thulam – Naranathu Branthan is supposed to have got Devi’s vision on this day. There is a big statue of Naranathu Branthan on the hill top which can be seen from the plains. There are caves and black rocks built by Naranathu Branthan here. It is to this hill top that Naranathu Branthan rolled up the big stone and after reaching the top, he used to push the stone down. This he was doingEvery day. The serenity and scenic beauty of the place
attractsthousands of people on the day after Deepavali.
41‐Pallasena Gargeswara Temple
As is the normal practice, when our Tamil Brahmins moved to East Pallassana, they started looking for a place of worship – temple. Thus the Siva
temple came to existence. The Siva Lingam of the present temple was originally consecrated and worshipped by a Rishi, known by the name, Gargamuniswar and hence the name for our Swamy – Gargeswara Swamy. The original temple was very much below ground level – in a pit.
Later on they raised the level to high and reconstructed the temple to the current level. The Ambal of the temple is Kalyana Parvathy. The original stone idol was approximately 5 feet high and with all lakshanams.
Later the idol was changed as the original one developed deformity in stomach region (challa vizharathu). This was predicted in prasnam and the present idol was consecrated in the place of old one, some hundred year ago. The original idol was put in Grama kulam (Sivan Kulam) and remained there till 1957‐58. Before the ashtabandha kalasa
kumbhabhishekam in 1957 – 58 ashtamangalya prasnam was conducted and they recommended to remove the idol from the village tank as it had
some bad effects. In 1957‐58 the entire water was pumped out of the Sivan kulam and the idol was retrieved from the tank. It was then taken to Gayathri
river and buried there. Till this Kumbhabishekam in 1958 a snake shaped idol as Subramaniaswamy was also being worshipped. During 1957‐58
Kumbhabishekam new Subramaniaswamy idol was consecrated and old idol became Nagar(snake).
Apart from Gargeswarar and Kalyana Parvathi there are other prathishtas like Nandikeswarar,Vigeswarar, Subranmania swami, Nagar, Sastha,
Chandikeswarar, navagrahangal (small lingam shaped nine stone pratishtas in inverted “U” Shape near Chandikeswarar) etc are there in the temple.
The temple is constructed in the typical style (Agama vidhi) found in any other Tamil Brahmin agraharam temples. In all Tamil Brahmin Siva temple, if Ambal prathishta is there and when Sivan faces East direction, then Ambal’s prathishta is done facing South direction. In this temple Goddessalso is facing South direction.
In East at Kovil vaasal, 5 layer stone Deepasthambham is there. After that when we climb the steps, Kodimaram (Flag post) and Balikallu are there.
On entering the inner prakaram Nandi mandapam is there. To the left at the South‐West corner Ganapathy pratishta is done.
After worshipping Vigneswarar we have to go back to Gargeswara Swamy
darshan which is in the center. Then we have to go clockwise to the back of Lord Siva.
There in the North‐West corner there is prathishta of Subramania
swamy, Nagar and Sastha. After that we have to come upto the outlet for abhisheka jalam for prokshanam. There we have to see the Chandikeswarar and Navagrahangal placed in inverted “U” shape (Typical of Kerala
temples). From there without completing the pradhakshinam
we have to go back to worship Kalyana Parvathi at the North‐East corner at Lord Siva’s left side. Here we also worship the Siva‐Parvathy uthsava
moorthies. In the inner prakaram we should not complete pradhakshinam as is the practice in Siva temples. In the outer prakaram we make three pradhakshinams. In the front side of the Temple we have Arayal thara and Sivan kulam.
Festivals :
Annabhishekam : On Thulam Masam pornami day Annabhishekam
is celebrated in a grand way. Early morning the day starts with Ganapathi Homam. In the morning Thirumanjanam ezhunthalathu (jalam is brought) from Gayathri river with elephant procession and vadhya melangal like chenda, nadaswaram etc. and the abhishekam is done with Vedaparayanam.
At about 2.30 ‐3.00 PM Annam (cooked rice) is poured on Gargeswarar.
This is very important and if one views this annam choriyal he is devoid of all sickness. Steps are made and decorated with flowers, fruits, cheeru items like Murukku, Neyyappam, athirasam and many other items. At 4 PM Panchavadhyam and Grama seeveli (elephant
procession ) are there. Lot of devotees pour in to have Annappadi Darshan.
In the evening Thayambaka is attraction. Veda parayanam and Kramarchana are chanted. Then the annapadi (Sirasu portion) is deposited in Sivan Kulam.
The celebration ends with the night pallacku Kacheri .
Vaikkaththashtami & Thiruvathira: Vaikkaththashtami and Thiruvathira are celebrated and Samaradhana on both days.
Sivarathri : Every year Mahasivarathri is celebrated in Kumbhamasam.
In the morning rudrabhishekam and Deeparadhana are done.
On this day Poornabhishekam is done to Gargeswara swamy in the night with chanting of Rudram eleven times with Chamakam. Kramarchana, Vedaparayanam etc are conducted. Afterwards Pallacku Kacheri and Grama urvalam are done.
Sasthapreethi: In Kizhakke Gramam Sastha preethi is celebrated on the Saturday following Sivarathri every year in Kumbha masam.
In Palakkad region the first Sasthapreethi is conducted in Nurani and the last Sasthapreethi at Pallassana Kizhekke Gramam. On this
day, after special poojas and laksharchana samaradhana and annadhanam are conducted.
Pradhosham : Pradhosham is celebrated regularly with Rudrabhishekam And Vedaparayanam.
Income : The temple had good agricultural income – 15 Vandi (A cart load‐1050 paras) of Paddy was the agricultural income per year. This dried up to nil in 1969
when the Communist ministry headed by Achutha Menon passed the land act.
Now the temple mainly depends on the contribution from devotees.
Timings : Temple is open in the morning and in the evening.
How to reach : Pallassana is 20KMs from Palakkad and buses are available.
42‐Irinjalakkuda Koodal Manikkam temple
Irinjalakkuda is a small town which is about 25 Km from Trichur. It is believed that two streams were flowing through this place and it was called Iru chala kkuda, which later became Irinjalakkuda. This is the only temple which is dedicated to Bharatha, the younger brother of Lord Sri Rama, in India. The God is also called Sangameshwara. It is believed that a saint called Kuleepathi was doing yagas at the spot where the temple is built. There is a temple tank inside the temple which is called Kuleepathi tank. People believe it as the spot where the above saint was doing Yagnas. Today the water of this tank is only used to the worship of the God Bharatha in the temple. This temple tank does not have any other aquatic life except fishes. People believe that the fishes in this tank
Irinjalakkuda is a small town which is about 25 Km from Trichur. It is believed that two streams were flowing through this place and it was called Iru chala kkuda, which later became Irinjalakkuda. This is the only temple which is dedicated to Bharatha, the younger brother of Lord Sri Rama, in India. The God is also called Sangameshwara. It is believed that a saint called Kuleepathi was doing yagas at the spot where the temple is built. There is a temple tank inside the temple which is called Kuleepathi tank. People believe it as the spot where the above saint was doing Yagnas. Today the water of this tank is only used to the worship of the God Bharatha in the temple. This temple tank does not have any other aquatic life except fishes. People believe that the fishes in this tank