2. ANTECEDENTES HISTÓRICOS NECESARIOS
2.1.1. El Wallmapu como territorio Mapuche
1. Incidents of tank failure due to brittle fracture have occurred shortly after erection during hydrostatic testing or in all but which of the following incidents?
a) On the first filling in cold weather
b) After a change to a higher temperature service c) After a change to a lower temperature service d) After a repair or alteration
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 3.2.1
2. The risk of tank failure due to brittle fracture is considered minimal after what condition(s)?
a) The tank has demonstrated its ability to withstand the combined effects of maximum liquid level (highest stresses) and highest operating temperature b) The tank has demonstrated its ability to withstand the combined effects of
intermediate liquid level (highest stresses) and lowest operating temperature c) The tank has demonstrated its ability to withstand the combined effects of
maximum liquid level (highest stresses) and lowest operating temperature d) The tank has demonstrated its ability to withstand the combined effects of
maximum liquid level (highest stresses) and intermediate operating temperature Reference: API-653 Paragraph 3.2.1
3. If it is decided to change the service to a more severe service, it is necessary to a) Consider the need for pneumatically testing the entire tank
b) Consider the need to recalculate the effectiveness of all reinforcement of openings c) Consider the need for hydrostatic testing
d) Consider removing all previous welded repairs and have them redone Reference: API-653 Paragraph 3.2.2
4. If a tank shell thickness is less than _____ inch, and an evaluation in accordance with Section 2 of API-653 has been performed, the risk of brittle fracture is considered to be minimal.
a) 0.01 b) 0.10 c) 0.05 d) 0.50
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 3.3.4
5. No known tank failures attributed to brittle fracture have occurred at shell metal temperatures of _____°F and above.
a) -20 b) 20 c) 40 d) 60
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 3.3.5
6. According to industry experience and laboratory tests, what membrane stress is required to caused failure due to brittle fracture?
a) 6 ksi b) 7 ksi c) 10 ksi d) 12 ksi
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 3.3.6
7. What is the lowest temperature that a tank, constructed of carbon steel of unknown toughness, may be used? The maximum thickness of the shell is .625”
a) 40°F b) 45°F c) 50°F d) 55°F
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 3.3.7 and Figure 3-2 8. What is the purpose of Figure 3-1 of API-653?
a) Provides a procedure to be used in the evaluation of the remaining life of tank bottom plates
b) Provides a procedure to be used in the evaluation of the likelihood of floating roof pontoon failure
c) Provides an assessment procedure for evaluating aboveground storage tanks operating at 15 psi
d) Provides an assessment procedure for evaluating atmospheric aboveground storage tanks
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 3.3 and Figure 3-1
Answers to API-653 Section 3, Brittle Fracture Considerations
Question Number Answer
1 B
2 C
3 C
4 D
5 D
6 B
7 A
8 D
Should you find a mistake or disagree with any answer listed, please bring it to our attention for correction or clarification. BAY Technical Associates, Inc. has attempted to provide answers developed from paragraphs of the respective Code, Standard, or Recommended Practice.
You can reach BAY Tech by phone at (610) 594-9036, by fax at (610) 594-2612, or by e-mail at [email protected].
Section 4 – Inspection 1. What is the purpose of periodic in-service inspection?
a) The purpose of periodic in-service inspection, assure job security for inspectors b) The purpose of periodic in-service inspection, assure proper operation of AST c) The purpose of periodic in-service inspection is to assure continued tank integrity d) The purpose of periodic in-service inspection is to assure OSHA compliance Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.1
2. Of the following, which is not a consideration that must be addressed in determining inspection intervals for ASTs?
a) Corrosion prevention systems
b) Inspection interval of other equipment located near the tank under consideration c) Changes in service (including changes in water bottoms)
d) Previous inspection results Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.2.1
3. What methods of inspection must be considered when establishing inspection frequencies?
a) On-stream core sample inspection b) On-stream nondestructive inspection c) In-service aerial inspection
d) In-service groundwater inspection Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.2.2
4. Close visual inspections of aboveground storage tanks, from the ground, are required.
Owner/operator personnel who may be other than the Authorized Inspector may perform this inspection. The interval of such inspections shall not exceed:
a) At least every five years or 1/4 the corrosion rate life of the shell whichever is less b) 12 months
c) 6 months d) 1 month
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.3.1.2
5. All tanks shall be given a visual external inspection, by an Authorized Inspector, at what frequency?
a) Inspection conducted at least every 20 years or at the quarter corrosion rate of the bottom whichever is less
b) Inspection conducted at least every 5 years or at the quarter corrosion rate of the bottom whichever is less
c) Inspection conducted at least every 5 years or at the quarter corrosion rate of the shell whichever is less
d) Inspection conducted at least every 20 years or at the quarter corrosion rate of the shell whichever is less
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.3.2.1
6. External ultrasonic thickness measurements of the shell, while the tank is in service, can be a means of determining rate of uniform corrosion. The extent of UT measurements shall be determined by the owner/operator. What is maximum interval of such thickness measurements when the corrosion rate is not known?
a) Five years b) Three years c) One year
d) Every three months until the corrosion rate is established Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.3.3.2a.
7. The minimum thickness of a tank was established at 0.585 inch. The shell was fabricated from 3/4 inch plate and included a 0.125 inch corrosion allowance. The tank has been in service for eight years and current ultrasonic thickness measurements reveal an average thickness of 0.712 inch. Based on this information determine when the next ultrasonic thickness measurements will be required.
a) Fifteen years b) Thirteen years c) Eleven years d) Nine years
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.3.3.2b.
8. Internal inspections are primarily required to do all but which of the following?
a) Ensure the internal surfaces of the tank are thoroughly cleaned periodically b) Identify and evaluate any tank bottom settlement
c) Ensure that the bottom is not severely corroded and leaking
d) Gather data necessary for the minimum bottom and shell thickness assessments Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.4.1.1
9. When can the required internal inspection be performed by some method other than visual inspection?
a) Substitution of the visual inspection is never permitted
b) If the internal inspection is required solely for determining the condition and integrity of the tank bottom
c) If the internal inspection is required solely for determining the condition and integrity of the tank critical zone
d) If the internal inspection is required solely for determining the condition and integrity of the tank roof support structure
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.4.1.2
10. According to API-653, all tanks shall have a formal internal inspection conducted at intervals defined by this standard. Who is required to conduct the visual inspection?
a) The corrosion engineer
b) The person designated by the Authorized Inspector c) The authorized Inspector
d) The person designated by the owner user
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.4.1.2
11. Intervals between internal inspections shall be determined by the corrosion rates measured during previous inspections or anticipated based on experience with tanks in similar service. The internal inspection interval shall not exceed how many years?
a) Ten years b) Fifteen years c) Twenty years d) Twenty-five years
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.4.2.1
12. What is the minimum thickness permitted at the next inspection for a tank bottom designed with a means to provide detection and containment of a bottom leak?
a) 0.01 inch b) 0.10 inch c) 0.50 inch d) 0.05 inch
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.4.2.1 & 2.4.7.4
13. In cases where corrosion rates are not known and similar service experience is not available, the bottom plate actual thickness shall be determined by inspection(s) within how many years?
a) 25 years b) 20 years c) 15 years d) 10 years
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.4.2.2
14. Which of the following is a recognized alternative to internal inspection interval described in API-653?
a) Risk-based Inspection procedures (RBI)
b) Hydrostatically testing the tank every five years
c) Performing complete calculations for minimum required thickness of the tank shell and bottom
d) API-653 does not permit any alternatives to the internal inspection intervals Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.4.3
15. Of the following, which would not be a factor to be considered in a Risk-based assessment of a tank?
a) Availability and effectiveness of inspection methods and quality of data collected b) The methods used for determining the thickness of the shell and bottom plates c) Effectiveness of corrosion mitigation methods
d) Names of all operators since the initial start-up of the tank Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.4.3
16. The owner/operator is required to maintain complete record file consisting of three types of records. Which of the following is not one of the three types of records.
a) Repair/alteration history b) Fill cycles
c) Construction d) Inspection
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.8.1
17. General inspection reports shall include which of the following?
a) Metal thickness measurement, repairs, conditions found, settlement measurements, and recommendations
b) Metal thickness measurement, repairs, operational upsets, settlement measurements, and recommendations
c) Metal thickness measurement, repairs, conditions found, name of organization performing environmental impact study, and recommendations
d) Metal thickness measurement, list of all personnel who have worked on the tank since the last inspection, conditions found, settlement measurements, and
recommendations
Reference: API-653 Paragraph 4.9.2
Note to Student: Be sure to know all the requirements for Inspector Qualifications. Questions can appear on the exam requiring you to know one, two, or all of these qualification requirements. You will find these requirements are similar to those found in Inspector Certification programs for API-510 and API-570.
Answers to API-653 Section 4, Inspection
Question Number Answer Question Number Answer
1 c 10 c
2 b 11 c
3 b 12 d
4 d 13 d
5 c 14 a
6 a 15 d
7 b 16 b
8 a 17 a
9 b
Should you find a mistake or disagree with any answer listed, please bring it to our attention for correction or clarification.
BAY Technical Associates, Inc. has attempted to provide answers developed from paragraphs of the respective Code, Standard, or Recommended Practice.
You can reach BAY Tech by phone at (610) 594-9036, by fax at (610) 594-2612, or by e-mail at [email protected].
Section 5 – Materials
1. All new materials used for repair, alteration, and reconstruction shall conform to which of the following?
a) The existing material code at the time of original construction b) The latest NFPA Code
c) The current applicable tank standards
d) Any ASME Code specification for P-1 material Reference: API-653, Paragraph 5.2
2. All shell plates and bottom plates welded to the shell shall be identified. Material identified by any of the following except _____ does not require further identification?
a) Original contract drawings b) API name plates
c) Suitable documentation
d) Owner/operator's experience with similar tanks in similar service constructed of similar material
Reference: API-653, Paragraph 5.3.1.1
3. Each individual plate for which adequate identification can not be made; the plate shall be _______.
a) Subjected to chemical analysis and mechanical tests as required in ASTM A6 and A370 including Charpy V-Notch
b) Subjected to chemical analysis and mechanical tests as required in ASTM A20 and A333 including Charpy V-Notch
c) Subjected to Brinell hardness analysis and mechanical tests as required in ASTM A6 and A370 including Charpy V-Notch
d) Subjected to Brinell hardness analysis and mechanical tests as required in ASTM A20 and A333 including Charpy V-Notch
Reference: API-653, Paragraph 5.3.1.2
4. Under what condition does API-653 require two tension specimens shall be taken at right angles to each other from a corner of each plate? One of those specimens must meet the specification requirements.
a) When the direction of rolling is not definitely known
b) When the welding will be conducted at a temperature less than 32ºF
c) When the plate is not a full size plate and may be installed with the grain running vertical
d) When the material is not a P-1 material Reference: API-653, Paragraph 5.3.1.2
5. Even when a material is identified, all shell plates and bottom plates welded to the shell shall meet what minimum requirements?
a) The chemistry and mechanical properties of material specified for the application with regard to thickness and design temperature given in ASME Section II, Part A b) The chemistry and mechanical properties of material specified for the application
with regard to thickness and design temperature given in API Standard 650 c) The chemistry and mechanical properties of material specified for the application
with regard to thickness and design temperature given in the owner/operator's engineering design
d) The chemistry and mechanical properties of material specified for the application with regard to thickness and design temperature given in the contract for the tank repair, alteration, or reconstruction
Reference: API-653, Paragraph 5.3.1.3
6. Is it permissible to reuse existing rolled structural shapes? If so what specification applies?
a) Yes, existing rolled structural shapes shall meet the requirement of ASTM A-20 as a minimum
b) Yes, existing rolled structural shapes shall meet the requirement of ASTM A-370 as a minimum
c) Yes, existing rolled structural shapes shall meet the requirement of ASTM A-6 as a minimum
d) Yes, existing rolled structural shapes shall meet the requirement of ASTM A-7 as a minimum
Reference: API-653, Paragraph 5.3.2
7. Flange material must meet the minimum requirements of the material specifications of the current applicable standard.
a) True b) False
Reference: API-653, Paragraph 5.3.3.1
8. Fasteners shall meet the material specifications of the current applicable standard.
a) True b) False
Reference: API-653, Paragraph 5.3.3.2
9. If existing plates are to be used to reconstruct the tank, they shall be checked for which of the following?
a) Chemical compatibility with other plates used in the reconstruction b) Excessive corrosion and pitting
c) Mechanical strength including impact properties d) Inadequately reinforced openings
Reference: API-653, Paragraph 5.3.4