Electrocatalizadores para la RRO

in

Iūlius in magnā vīllā habitat. (l.1) Vīlla Iūliī in magnō hortō est. (l.12) In hortīs sunt rosae et līlia. (l.13) ex

Discēdite ex peristȳlō. (l.73)

Puerī aquam sūmunt ex impluviō. (l.83) ab

Puerī Iūliam audiunt, neque iī ab Aemiliā discēdunt. (l.56) Iūlia plōrat et cum ūnā rosā ab iīs discēdit. (l.71)

cum

Iūlius in vīllā suā habitat cum magnā familiā. (l.9)

Pater et māter habitant cum Mārcō et Quīntō et Iūliā. (ll.9–10) In Italiā sunt multae vīllae cum magnīs hortīs. (ll.12–13) sine

Aemilia sine virō suō Iūliō in vīllā est. (ll.44–45) In oppidō Tūsculō est sine Aemīliā. (ll.45–46) Puella sine rosīs pulchra nōn est. (ll.63–64)

Studia Rōmāna

In this chapter, you learn the features of a Roman country house, called a vīlla. You will notice on the diagram on page 33 how many of the rooms are called

rooms in general. We often are not sure what the rooms were used for; there- fore, every room you see marked as a cubiculum is not necessarily a bedroom. The entranceway to a Roman house was called the vestibulum. The visitor would pass through this area into the ātrium. The ātrium usually had an open- ing in the roof called a compluvium, through which rainwater could fall into the impluvium—a small pool—below. The ātrium is the most public space in the house and it was here that visitors would be welcomed. Tall doors often flanked the room, two on each side, enclosing small rooms and the third set (in the photograph on p. 33, this third set has curtains rather than doors) lead- ing to the ālae, or “wings” (the same word is used for birds’ wings, as you will learn in Cap. X); these are open alcoves. At the far end of the ātrium, opposite the entrance and across the impluvium, is the tablīnum, or record-room, of the house (the word tablīnum is related to tabula, the word you met in Cap. I that can mean both “writings” as well as “writing tablet”). In some houses—as it appears from the illustration in your book—the tablīnum had a large opening onto the peristȳlum and/or hortus.

Just as the word peristȳlum comes from Greek (meaning “surrounded by columns”), the peristyle was a Greek architectural feature before it was a Ro- man one. Originally, the Roman house consisted of the ātrium and the rooms surrounding it with the garden (hortus) in back. The covered walkway created by the colonnade in the peristyle provided shade. At the far end of the peristyle in the diagram, you can see a dining room, called trīclīnium in Latin. You will read about the trīclīnium and dinner parties in Caps. XXX–XXXI.

Where was the kitchen (culīna, Cap. XXX)? Originally, cooking was done in the ātrium with portable braziers. Not every house seems to have had a per- manent kitchen. But where we do find kitchens, they are off the peristyle and are simple affairs.

Your text tells you that Vīlla duo ōstia et multās fenestrās habet (l.26). Our evidence for windows is slight, but Pliny the Younger (Gāius Plīnius Caeci-

lius Secundus), a Roman who lived a little before our narrative (around AD

62–113), includes several mentions of windows in his description of his seaside villa. While Roman houses in towns had either a private façade broken only by the door or an attached shop front (as you will see in Cap. VIII), they did not have windows looking out onto the street. It is most likely that windows were more common in the private parts of houses and when they provided a view. Rooms often had their own internal “view” in the guise of elaborate wall paint- ings. These ranged from original artworks by skilled craftsmen to less expen- sive scenes produced by workshops. Mosaics often covered the floor; these, like wall paintings, also ranged from the simple to the exquisite, like the Alexander mosaic in the House of the Faun in Pompeii.

There are other words for “house” besides vīlla. A casa is a small country cottage; a house is also called a domus (Cap. XIX) or, as a building, aedificium (Cap. XXV).

V. Vīlla et Hortus 41

Vocābula Disposita/Ōrdināta

Nōmina

1st

aqua, -ae water

fenestra, -ae window

rosa, -ae rose

vīlla, -ae country house, villa

2nd

ablātīvus, -ī (cāsus) ablative

ātrium, -ī main room, hall

cubiculum, -ī bedroom

hortus, -ī garden

impluvium, -ī water basin in the atrium for collecting rainwater

līlium, -ī lily

nāsus, -ī nose

ōstium, -ī door, entrance

peristȳlum, -i peristyle

Verba ‑ā (1)

amat/amant love

dēlectat/dēlectant delight, please

habitat/habitant dwell, live

consonant (3)

agit/agunt drive, do, perform

carpit/carpunt gather, pick, crop

Adiectīva

1st/2nd (‑us/er, ‑a, ‑um)

foedus, -a, -um ugly, hideous

pulcher, -chra, -chrum beautiful, fine

sōlus, -a, -um alone, lonely

Prōnōmina

is, ea, id he, she, it

Adverbia

etiam also, even, yet

Praepositiōnēs

ab (prp. + abl.) from, by

cum (prp. + abl.) with

ex (prp. + abl.) out of, by

42

Rēs Grammaticae Novae

1. Verbs a. it/eunt b. Passive Voice 2. Nouns a. Case Uses

i. Accusative: Prepositions with the Accusative Case ii. Ablative:

1. Preposition ab/ā + Ablative

2. Ablative of Agent and Means/Instrument b. Constructions of Place

3. Correlatives: tam/quam

In document INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL. ELECTROCATALIZADORES DE WOX-Pt/C PARA CELDAS DE COMBUSTIBLE TIPO PEM (página 22-0)