Topic 4
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Useful Expressions
I like playing it because of the simple fact that it’s really fun and entertaining to play.
Simple fact(간단한 사실): not involving anything else, or not complicated by anything else
☆ The simple fact is that he wants a divorce.
☆ The simple fact is that a change in spelling reflects a change in meaning.
Although it’s chiefly for leisure, I believe this game improves my strategy skills.
Chiefly(주로): mainly
☆ About one thousand people were present at the event, chiefly young ladies and gentlemen.
☆ They were chiefly interested in the arrival of a popular rock band.
I was so hooked to this game.
Hooked([~에] 빠져있는): enjoying something so much that you are unable to stop having, watching, doing, etc. it
☆ My grandmother is really hooked on gardening.
☆ I was hooked from the first page, and the story just got better and better.
Its fantastic sci-fi ambiance that got me like this game very much.
Get([…에게 …을 하게] 만들다): to make someone do something, or to persuade them to do it
☆ I’ll get Andrew to give you a call.
☆ She couldn’t get them to understand what she was saying.
Points of Discussion
1) What do you think about the addiction to computer games? What will you do if your children become addicted to playing computer games?
2) Does playing violent computer games make players aggressive? Support your answer with details and examples.
3) Has there been a time when you weren’t able to do your homework/work/house chores because you played computer games? What happened after?
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Grammar Pointer
☆ Your opponent is very skillful and competitive.
☆ I like this game very much.
In the sentences above, we use the word very. Too, so and very are kinds of intensifiers.
Oftentimes, people interchange their uses. All three words come in front of adjectives, but they don’t have the same meanings.
☞ “매우” 라는 뜻의 “too” “so” “very” 는 유사한 의미이지만 조금씩 다른 뜻으로 사용합니다.
Very When you want to intensify an adjective
I was very young when I read that book.
Paulo likes Frida very much.
It’s very dark out tonight.
That restaurant is very expensive. I’ll go there when I get paid.
Too When you want to
express excess
The coffee was too hot. I couldn’t drink it.
The coffee was too hot to drink.
My pants are too long. I have to shorten them.
I’m sorry. I can’t go to that restaurant. It’s too expensive.
Too is used with negative adjectives like expensive, tired, difficult, etc. Too implies a negative feeling and perhaps an unstated negative consequence.
☞ “Too” 는 “너무 지나친” 이란 뜻으로 사용하며 다소 부정적인 의미를 갖습니다.
Important: We don’t use TOO with positive adjectives.
So When you want to show cause and effect
I was so hooked to this game that I couldn’t keep my eyes off it.
My car is so old that I’m going have to get rid of it.
It was so dark outside that Agnes tripped over my bicycle.
The restaurant was so expensive that Cesar had to borrow money from his girlfriend.
It is similar to too, but it can be used with positive or negative adjectives. It is often used with that.
☞ “So” 는 “too”와 유사하지만 긍정, 부정적인 의미로 모두 사용되고 결과를 나타내는 that절과 함께 사용 하기도 합니다..
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Let’s compare TOO and VERY
When we want to show that because something is excessive or problematic and there is a consequence, we use too + adjective, as in the above examples. When we simply want to emphasize an adjective, we use very.
It’s very cold today. This is just a statement that the weather is cold…very cold.
It’s too cold today. This implies that it is cold and there is some negative feeling or problem.
That ring is very expensive. This is just a statement that the ring costs a lot of money.
That ring is too expensive. This implies that the ring costs a lot of money and I cannot buy it.
As said, too isn’t used with positive adjectives.
Correct: Kim Tae Hee is very beautiful.
Incorrect: Kim Tae Hee is too beautiful.
Correct: Justin is very kind to his fans.
Incorrect: Justin is too kind to his fans.
187
I was not really fond of cooking until I got married. During my university years, meals usually meant bland food at the cafeteria. When I started working, cooking seemed like a chore -- a chore often solved by restaurant dining - and honestly, my kitchen knowledge is limited to cooking rice, egg, instant noodles and tteokbokki. Things changed a few weeks after getting married. My husband isn’t very keen on cooking, and thus, I was left to take on the task. In the beginning, I had to call my mom often for recipes, consult a lot of cookbooks and watch cooking videos. I spent a lot of time in the kitchen, and in no time, I perfected galbi jjim, my husband’s favorite. Over time, I have come to realize that cooking is one of my greatest passions in life. After preparing a meal, I always feel a sense of accomplishment especially when my husband and son rave about how delicious my dish is.
V V o o c c a a b b u u l l a a r r y y : :
food, including a list of what food is needed for thisRave
Take on: 떠맡다 to accept some work or responsibility Over time: 서서히, 점점 gradually
In no time: 당장에 very quickly or very soon Development of Ideas
Introduction When and how you become interested in cooking Body Favorite recipe
Details about the dish
Conclusion Satisfaction derived from cooking
You indicated in the survey that you like cooking. How did you become interested in cooking? What do you usually cook? Could you tell me something about it with as much detail as possible?
Topic 5
188
Useful Expressions
My husband isn’t very keen on cooking.
Keen(간절히 …하고 싶은, …을 열망하는): wanting to do something, or wanting other people to do something
☆ They were very keen to start work as soon as possible.
☆ The captain wasn’t keen on having him in the team.
Thus, I was left to take on the task.
Thus(따라서, 그러므로): as a result of the fact that you have just mentioned
☆ Someone had removed all the evidence. Thus, it was now impossible for the police to continue their investigation.
☆ They planned to reduce staff, and thus to cut costs.
Take on(떠맡다): to accept some work or responsibility
☆I can’t take on any more work at the moment.
☆ She took too much on and made herself ill.
In no time, I perfected galbi jjim, my husband’s favorite.
In no time(당장에): very quickly or very soon
☆ The children ate their dinner in no time.
☆ We’ll have that fixed in no time.
Over time, I have come to realize that cooking is one of my greatest passions in life.
Over time(서서히, 점점): gradually
☆ Things will get better over time.
☆ Over time, she began to trust him.
Come to do something([감정이나 의견 따위를] 갖기[하기] 시작하다): to begin to have a feeling or opinion
☆ She had come to regard him as one of her few real friends.
☆ I came to believe that he was innocent after all.
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Grammar Pointer
Points of Discussion
When you present a series of ideas in similar grammatical structures, they become easier to understand. If one element in a series is not parallel with the others, the result may be jarring and the meaning of the sentence may be altered. Thus, it is very important that your sentences are parallel in structure.
☞ 동일 구조의 어구나 수식어가 주어를 서술하는 것을 “병렬구조”라 하며 이때 동사나 수식어의 형태는 문 법적으로 일치해야 합니다.
Let’s take a look at the following sentences:
☆ I had to call my mom often for recipes, consult a lot of cookbooks and watch cooking videos.
☆ I had to call my mom often for recipes, consult a lot of cookbooks and watching cooking videos.
Which of these sentences sound better?
First Sentence
I had to call my mom often for recipes, Infinitive consult a lot of cookbooks and Infinitive watch cooking videos Infinitive
Second Sentence
I had to call my mom often for recipes, Infinitive consult a lot of cookbooks and Infinitive watching cooking videos Gerund
The second sentence is therefore unbalanced. The first two phrases use the base form of the verb because they are part of an infinitive phrase. The third, meanwhile, has an –ing form.
1) Could you tell me the recipe of your favorite food with as much detail as possible?
2) What national dishes from your country would you recommend to the world? Why? Tell me about these dishes in detail.
3) Have you experienced that the food you cooked was not delicious or a failure? What was it? What was the problem? Please tell me about the experience in as much detail as possible.
4)
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Groups of words (phrases) should be matched with word groups of the same pattern.
When ideas are presented in a series or a list, the same parts of speech should be used to ensure parallel structure. This applies whether the list consists of single words, phrases or clauses—
single words should be balanced with single words, phrases with phrases and clauses with clauses.
PARALLEL WORDS: The wrestler looked strong, fit and agile.
PARALLEL PHRASES: Success at university depends on attending your classes, reviewing your notes, and keeping up with your readings.
PARALLEL CLAUSES: The tennis star whom I have met and whom you saw last Saturday will speak.
☞ 동사나 주어를 수식하는 형용사는 물론 절의 형태도 동일해야 합니다.
Correcting Faulty Parallelism
The following chart presents some nonparallel structures and shows how they can be repaired to restore the smoothness and clarity to the sentence. Notice how coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, and so) often join series and can signal you to check the items they connect for parallelism.
CORRECTING FAULTY PARALLELISM IN SERIES
Nonparallel Structures Corrected Sentences
Gerund Gerund Noun
Planning, drafting and revision are three steps in the writing process.
Gerund Gerund Gerund
Planning, drafting, and revising are three steps in the writing process.
Noun clause
Some experts feel that our population is too large, Independent clause
but it will diminish.
Noun clause
Some experts feel that our population is too large Noun clause
but that it will diminish.
Nonparallel Words, Phrases, and Clauses in Comparisons
As the old saying goes, you cannot compare apples with oranges. In comparisons, you generally should compare a phrase with the same type of phrase and a clause with the same type of clause.
Furthermore, you should make sure your ideas themselves, as well as the structures you use to express them, are logically parallel.
CORRECTING FAULTY PARALLELISM IN COMPARISONS
Nonparallel Structures Corrected Sentences
Most people prefer corn (Noun) to eating potato
(Gerund phrase). Most people prefer corn (Noun) to potato (Noun).
I left my job at 7:00 PM (Prepositional phrase)
rather than stopping work at 5:00 PM (Participial phrase).
I left my job at 7:00 PM (Prepositional phrase)
rather than at the usual 5:00 PM (Prepositional phrase).
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I listen to almost all kinds of music, but I enjoy acoustic and upbeat pop music the most. I listen to acoustic music whenever I want to relax and unwind. It never fails to give me this positive and uplifting feeling that usually makes me think of the good old days. On the other hand, I listen to upbeat pop music whenever I drive, especially when I’m stuck in a traffic jam where usually my impatience is getting the better of me. I also listen to it whenever I exercise, like jogging and stretching. It keeps me active and hyper. However, I must say that even though acoustic and pop are my favorite musical genres, I still listen to other musical styles because I believe variety is the spice of life.
V V o o c c a a b b u u l l a a r r y y : :
Uplifting: 희망을 주는 making you feel happier or more hopeful Stuck
: (불쾌한 상황·장소에) 갇힌
to become firmly fixed in one position, and therefore difficult or impossible to move
Hyper: 들뜬, 흥분한 behaving in an excited and nervous way
Genre: 장르 a particular style used in cinema, writing, or art, which can be recognized by certain features
Id I d i i om o m s s a an nd d E Ex x p p r r e e s s si s io on ns s: :
Getting the better of someone
: ~을 이기다[능가하다] referring to a feeling that becomes too strong to control Variety is the spice of life
: 다채로운 경험은 인생을 즐겁게 한다
means one should try many different kinds of experiences, because trying different things keeps life interesting
Development of Ideas Introduction Music preference
Body Frequency of listening to music When and how you listen to music Conclusion Benefits acquired from listening to music