Inpulse purchasing, o f new items in the grocery retail sector, does not match with rational decision making model o f a consumer: when need emerges, a consumer buys impulsively and does not search for alternatives. Various trigger factors such as consumer characteristics, store characteristics, situational factors, and product characteristics have strong influence on consumer’s impulse purchasing behaviour. Previous research has identified that the main factor o f inpulse purchasing o f products in the grocery environment is price. However, this study identifies that it is in fact price, along with quality o f the product that encourages consumers to inpulse purchase new grocery products. Impulse buying in the grocery retail sector brings increased revenues to retailers. In perspective o f consumers, impulse buying in the supermarket does not have long term negative aspects associated with it, because consumers have the purchasing power and can spend their money according to their wish.
Although just over half o f the consumers state they feel levels o f regret once they inpulse purchase whilst grocery shopping, this feeling does not linger due to the low involvement product purchased. Long term post purchase dissonance should not occur as a result o f impulse purchase. The final concluding note from this research study identifies findings suggest that consumers in the grocery retail sector are deemed to be extremely impulsive when it comes to their grocery shopping, and interested and
willing to purchase new products when unplanned, should they attract their attention whilst in store.
A n Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Bibliography
An Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
B ib lio g ra p h y
Aaker, D., Kumar, V., and Day, G. (1995), “Marketing Research”, 8th edition, John Wiley & Sons, Pp 776.
Abrams, R.M. (1996), “Make your store a work o f art”, Advertising Age, April 4, Report.
Abratt, R., & Goodey, S. D. (1990),” Unplanned Buying and In-Store Stimuli in Supermarkets”, Managerial and Decision Economics, 11(2), pp. 1 1 1-1 2 1.
Ainslie, G. (1975), “Specious Reward: a Behavioural Theory o f Impulsiveness and Impulse Control”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 82 (4), pp.463-496.
AMA, (2013). “Definition o f Marketing Research”, Approved October
2004, [Online] Available at:
http://www.marketintrDower.com/aboutama/pages/definitionofinarketing
■aspx . 0 2 th June 2013).
Anglin, L.K., Morgan, F.W. & Stoltman J.J. (1999), “ An investigation o f retail shopping situations”, International Journal o f Retail &
Distribution Management, 27 (4), pp. 145- 153.
Applebaum, W. (1951), “ Studying Consumer Behaviour in Retail Stores”, Journal ofMarketing, 16(2), pp.72-178.
Art, T., & Garland, R. (2004), “Grocery shopping: list and non-list usage”, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Volume 22 (6), pp. 623- 635.
Assael, H. (1995), “Consumer Behaviour and marketing action”5th edition, International Thomson Publishing, pp.534-540.
Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R., & Griffin, M. (1994), “Work and/or Fun:
Measuring Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopping Value”, Journal o f Consumer Research, 20(4), pp 644- 656.
An Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Baker, J. L. (2000), Evaluating the Impact o f Development Projects on Poverty: A Handbook for Practioners.
Baker, J., Grewal, D. & Levy, M. (1992), “ An experimental approach to making retail store environmental decisions”, Journal o f Retailing, 6 8
(4), pp. 445-460.
Baker, M. (1991), “Research for Marketing”, MacMillian Education Ltd.
Baker, M. (2002), “A Composite Model o f Buyer Behaviour”, Journal o f Consumer Behaviour, Vol.l (1), pp.85-109.
Barratt, E.S. (1985), “ Impulsiveness subtraits: arousal and information processing”, Motivation, emotion, and personality, Elsevier, North Holland (1985) pp. 137-146.
Barry, T. E. (1987), “The Development o f the Hierarchy o f Effects: An Historical Perspective”,Current Issues and research in Advertising, pp.
251-295.
Baumeister, R.F. (2002), “ Yielding to temptation: Self-control failure, impulsive purchasing, and consumer behaviour”, Journal o f Consumer Research 28(4) pp.670-676.
Bayley, G., & Nancarrow, C. (1998), “Impulse Purchasing: A Qualitative Exploration o f the Phenomenon”, Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 1(2), pp.99-114.
Beatty, S. E. and Ferrell, M. E. (1998), “ Impulsive Buying: Modelling Its Precursors”, Journal o f Retailing, Vol. 74 No.2, pp. 169-191.
Bellenger, D. N., Robertson, D. H., & Hirschman, E. C. (1978), “ Inpulse buying Varies by Products”, Journal o f Advertising Research, 18(6), pp. 15-18.
Bellizzi, J. A., Crowley, A. E. and Hasty, R. W. (1983), “The Effects o f Colour in Store Design”, Journal o f Retailing, Vol. 59, pp.21-45.
An Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Bellizzi, J.A., & Hite, R.E. (1992), “ Environmental colour, consumer feelings, and purchase likelihood”, Psychology & Marketing, Vol 9,pp.
347-63.
Berlyne, D. E. (1971), Aesthetics and psychobiology. New York:
Appleton-Century- Crofts.
Berrell, J. (1995), “More Shoppers Buy on Inpulse”, Retail World, Vol.
48 (23), pp.4.
Bettman, J., Luce, M, and Payne, J. (1998), “Constructive Consumer Choice Processes”, Journal o f Consumer Research 25, pp. 187-217.
Bio, True Story, (2013). Pablo Picasso Biography, (1996) [Online]
Available at: http://www.biographv.com/people/pablo-picasso-9440021 , Accessed (15th August 2013).
Birn, R, J. (2000), The International Handbook o f Market Research Techniques, 2nd Ed, London, Kogan Page Ltd.
Bitner MJ,and Booms, M.H. (1981), Marketing Strategies and Organization Structure for Service Firms. In Donnelly JH, George WR.
(Eds), Marketing o f Services, Conference Proceedings: American Marketing Association, Chicago, IL, pp. 47- 52.
Bloch, P. and Richins, M. L. (1983), “ A Theoretical Model for the Study o f Product Importance Perceptions”, Journal o f Marketing, Vol.
47 (3), pp.69-81.
Block, L. G., & Morwitz, V. G. (1999), “Shopping lists as an external memory aid for grocery shopping, Influences on list writing and list fulfilment”, Journal o f Consumer Psychology, 8(4),pp. 343-375.
Bloom, M., Fisher, J., & Orme, J. G. (2009), Evaluating Practice:
Guidelines for the Accountable Professional - 6th Edition. Allyn &
Bacon.
Bordbia, (2013), Irelands Retail Trends 2011, [Online] Available at : http://www.bordbia.ie/industrvservices/information/publications/bbrepor
An Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
ts/Documents/Retail%20Trends%20-%201reland%20and%20the%20UK%202011.Ddf . (Accessed 29lh April 2013).
Bourassa, M., Cunningham, P., and Handelman, J. (2007), “How Philip Kotier has helped to shape the field o f marketing”, European Business Review, Vol. 19, pp.174 - 192.
Bowers, K.S. (1973), “ Situationism in psychology: an analysis and critique”, Psychology Review, 80 (September), pp.307-36.
Bryman, A. & Bell, E. (2007), Business Research Methods, 2nd Ed, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Bums, D.J. (1992), “ Image transference and retail site selection”, International Journal o f Retail & Distribution Management, 29 (September), pp. 38-52.
Burroughs, J.E., (1996), Product Symbolism, S elf Meaning, and Holistic Matching: The Role o f Information Processing in Impulsive Buying”, Advances in Consumer Research, 23, pp. 463-469.
Buttle, F. (1988), “Merchandising”, European Journal o f Marketing, 18 (5),pp.4-25.
Central Statistics Office (CSO), (2013). Number o f private households and persons in private households in each province, County and City.
[Online] Available at:
littp://www.cso.ie/quicktables/GetOuickTables.aspx?FileName=CNA33.
<isp&TableName=Number+of+private+households+and+persons+in+pri vate+households+in+each+Province+.+Countv+and+Citv&StatisticalPro duct=DB CN. (Accessed 04th August 2013).
Chang T. & Li, Y. (2000), “ A study o f business operation and development o f leading fast food supplier o f USA in Taiwan”, Manage.
Review, 19(2), pp. 35-44.
An Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Chang, H. J., Eckman, M., & Yan, R. N. (2011), “ Application o f the Stimulus-Organism-Response model to the retail environment: the role o f hedonic motivation in impulse buying behaviour”, The International Review o f Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 21(3), pp. 233- 249.
Charles, D., Fenech, T.; Merrilees, B. (2005), “Sale the 7 Cs:
teaching/training aid for the retail mix”, International Journal o f Retail &
Distribution Management, Vol. 33, pp. 179 - 193.
Chatzidakis, A.; Smith, A.; Hibbert, S. (2009), “ Do I need it, do I, do I really need this?: Exploring the Role o f Rationalization in Impulse Buying Episodes”, Advances in Consumer Research, Vol.36, pp. 248- 253.
Churchill, G.A. & Peter, J.P. (1998), Marketing: Creating value for customers. Boston:Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Clover, V. T. (1950), “ Relative Importance o f Impulse Buying in Retail Stores”, Journal ofMarketing, Vol. 25, July, pp. 66-70.
Cobb, C. J., & Hoyer, W. D. (1986), “Planned versus impulse purchase behaviour”, Journal o f Retailing, 62(4), pp. 384-609.
Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983), Applied multiple regression/ correlation analysis for the behavioural sciences (2nd ed) Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum.
Coley, A. and Burgess, B. (2003), “ Gender differences in cognitive and affective impulse buying”, Journal o f Fashion Marketing and Management, 7(3), pp. 282-295.
Collins, Dictionaries. Dictionary. 07th June 2013. [Online] Available at:
http://www.collinsdictionarv.com/dictionarv/english/methodology , (Accessed 07th June 2013).
Cooper, L. (2000), “ Strategic marketing planning for radically new products”, Journal ofMarketing, Vol. 64 Issue 1, pp.1-15.
A n Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Cox, R., & Brittain, P. (2004), Retailing, An Introduction, 5th Ed, Dorchester, Great Britain, Prentice Hall.
Crawford, G., & Melewar, T. C. (2003), “The importance o f impulse purchasing behaviour in the international airport environment”, Journal o f Consumer Behaviour, 3(1), pp. 85-98.
Creswell, John W. (1994), Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches I by John W. C resw ell.- 2nd ed.
Crispell, D. (1997), Hispanics at the mall. American Demographics, October, p. 35.
Crowther, D., & Lancaster, G. (2005), Research methods: a concise introduction to research in management and business consultancy.
Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth - Heinmann.
Dawson, S.(2009), “External and internal trigger cues o f impulse buying online”, Journal o f Direct Marketing: An International, 3(1), pp. 20-34.
DeBruicker, F. S. (1979), An Appraisal o f Low-Involvement Consumer Information Processing, American Marketing Association; Chicago.
Dhar, S. & Hoch, S. (1996), “Price discrimination using in-store merchandising”, Journal o f marketing, vol. 60, n o.l, pp. 17-30.
Dholakia, U. M. (2000), “Temptation and resistance: An integrated model o f consumption impulse formation and enactment”, Psychology &
Marketing, 17(11),pp. 955-982.
Dichter, E. (1947), “Psychology in marketing research”, Harvard Business Review, Vol 25, pp. 432-434.
Dingwall, R., Murphy, E., Watson, P., and Greatbafch, D. P. (1998),
“Catching goldfish: quality in qualitative research”, Journal o f Health Services Research and Policy, pp. 167 -172.
An Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on N ew Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Dittmar, H., Beattie, J., & Friese, S. (1995), “Gender identity and material symbols: Objects and decision considerations in impulse purchases”, Journal ofEconomic Psychology, 16(3), pp. 491-511.
Dittmar, H., Beattie, J., and Friese, S. (1996), “ Objects, Decision Considerations and Self-Image in Men's and Women's Impulse Purchases”, Journal ofEconomic Psychology, Pp. 187-206.
Domegan, C., & Fleming, D. (2003), Marketing Research In Ireland - Theory and Practice, 3rd Ed, Dublin, Gill and MacMillan Ltd.
Domegan, C., & Fleming, D. (2007), Marketing Research In Ireland - Theory and Practice, 3rd Ed, Dublin, Gill and MacMillan Ltd.
Donovan, R. J. & Rossiter, J.R. (1982), “ Store Atmosphere: An Environmental Psychology Approach”, Journal o f Retailing, 58 (Spring), pp.34-57.
Draper, A. K. (2004). The principles and application o f qualitative research. Proceedings o f the Nutrition Society London: Westminister Research.
Engel, J., & Blackwell, R. (1982), Consumer Behaviour. Chicago:
Dryden Press.
Eroglu, S. A. and Machleit, K. A. (1993), “ Atmospheric Factors in the Retail Environment: Sights, Sounds and Smells”, Advances in Consumer Research, pp.20, 34.
Femie, J. & Femie, S.I. (1997), “The development o f a US retail format in Europe: the case o f factory outlet centers”, International Journal o f Retail & Distribution Management, 25 (11), pp.342-50.
Forfas, (2001), The Dynamics o f the Retail Sector in Ireland, [Online]
Available at:
httt)://www.forfas.ie/media/forfas000101c retail sector dvnamics.pdf.
(Accessed 28th June 2013).
An Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on N ew Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Forfas, (2005), International Trade and Investment Report 2005,
[Online] Available at:
http://www.forfas.ie/media/forfas060220 trade and investment.pdf.
(Accessed 28th June 2013).
Frings, G.S. (1999), Fashion ¡from concept to customer,6th ed, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Gardner, M.P. & Rook, D.W. (1998), “Effects o f impulse purchases on consumers affective states”, Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 15, pp. 127-130.
Geuens, M., Weijters, B., & Wulf de, K. (2009), “ New Measure o f Brand Personality”, International Journal o f Research in Marketing, 26 (2): pp. 97-107.
Gilbert, D, (2003), Retail Marketing Management, 2nd Ed, London, Pearson.
Grafanaki, S. (1996), “How research can change the researcher: The need for sensitivity, flexibility and ethical boundaries in conducting qualitative research in counselling/psychotherapy”, British Journal o f Guidance & Counselling , pp 329- 339.
Gupta. (2009), “Inpact o f Store Size on Inpulse Purchase”, Journal o f Marketing Management, 8(1).
Halpern, D.F. (1989), Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking, 2nd ed., Erlbaum Publishing, Hillsdale, NJ.
Hamid H., Salimi S., and Ardestani S. (2012), “Exploring main factors affecting on inpulse buying behaviours”, Journal o f American Science;8( l) , pp.245-251
Han, Y. K., Morgan, G. A., Kotsiopulo, A., & Kang-Park, J. (1991),
“Inpulse buying behaviour o f apparel purchasers”, Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 9(3), pp. 15-21.
An Expbration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Harmancioglu, N. (2009), “Impulse Purchases o f N ew Products: An Empirical Analysis”, Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol
18, pp.27-37.
Harmancioglu, R., Finney, Z., and Mathew, J. (2009), “Impulse purchases o f new products: an empirical analysis”, Journal o f Product &
Brand Management, Vol. 18 , pp.27 - 37.
Haugtvedt, P.C. (2007), Consumer Psychology. New York: Psychology Press. Pp: 3-31.
Hausman, A. (2000), “A multi-method investigation o f consumer motivations in impulse buying behaviour”, Journal o f Consumer Marketing, Vol. 17, pp.403 - 426.
Hawkins, D. I., Roger, I. J., Coney, K. A., & Mookerjee, A. (2008), Consumer Behaviour. NewDelhi: McGraw Hill.
Hawkins, D I., Best, R., and Coney, K. (2001), Consumer Behaviour Building Marketing Strategy, 7th ed., Boston: McGraw Hill. Pg.508.
Hoch, S. J., & Loewenstein, G. F. (1991), “Time-inconsistent preferences and consumer self-control”, Journal o f Consumer Research,
17(4), pp.492-507.
Holbrook, Morris B. and Hirschman, E., (1982), “The Experiential Aspects o f Consumption: Consumer Fantasies, Feelings, and Fun”, Journal o f Consumer Research, Vol 9 , pp. 132-140.
Hoyer, W. D., and Macinner, D.J. (1999), Consumer Behaviour. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Hoyer, W.D. (1984), “An examination o f consumer decision making for a common repeat purchase product”, Journal o f consumer research, V ol.l 1, pp 822-9.
Hoyer, W.D., and Maclnnis, D.J. (2007),Consumer Behaviour, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company,
An Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Hulten, P., & Vanyushyn, V. (2011), “Impulse purchases o f groceries in France and Sweden”, Journal o f Consumer Marketing, 28(5), pp. 376- 384.
Hurley, R.F., Hult G.M.(1998), “Innovation, market orientation, and organizational learning: an integration and empirical examination”, Journal o f Marketing, Vol 62(3), pp.42-54.
IBEC Report, (2013), Business Sectors in Ireland, [Online] Available at:
http://www.ibec.ie/lBEC/BA.nsf/vPages/Business Sectors-retail- ireland. (Accessed 17th June 2013).
Inports http://www.citeman.com/12423-inpulse-purchasing.html Sree Rama Rao on December 2, 2010.
Independent Newspaper, (2013). Aldi and Lidl expand marketshare in the Irish grocery sector, [Online] Available at:
http://www.independent.ie/business/irish/aldi-and-lidl-expand-market- share-to-136pc-29300438.html. (Accessed 02nd July 2013).
Inman, J.J., McAlister , L. and Hoyer, W.D. (1990), “Promotional signal:
Proxy for a price cut”, Journal o f Consumer Research, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp.74-81.
Irish Times, (2013), Sharp Practices in the Grocery Sector w ill cost jobs and harm the consumer, [Online], Available at:
http://www.irishtimes.com/business/sectors/agribusiness-and- food/sharp-practices-in-the-irish-grocerv-sector-will-cost-iobs-and- harm-the-consumer-1.1350424. (A ccessed 17th June 2013).
Irish Times, (2013), Unemployment levels Increase in 2012, [Online], Available at: http://www.irishtimes.com/business/economv/ireland/rise-
in-numbers-working-part-time-sees-unemplovment-fall-to-13-7-1.1411534. (Accessed 18th July 2013).
Iyer, E. S. (1989), “Unplanned purchasing: Knowledge o f shopping environment and time pressure”, Journal o f Retailing, Vol 65(1), pp. 40- 57.
An Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Johnson, R., & Waterfield, J.S. (2006), “Making words count: the value o f qualitative research”, Physiotherapy Research International, pp. 121- 131.
Johnson-Laird, P.N. (1988), A taxonomy o f thinking, in Sternberg, R.J.
and Smith, E.E. (Eds). The Psychology o f Human Thought, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 429-57.
Jones, M., Reynolds, K., Weun, S., & Beatty, S. (2003), “The product specific nature o f impulse buying tendency”, Journal o f Business Research, Vol.56(7), pp. 505-511.
Kacen, J. J., & Lee, J. A. (2002), “The Influence o f Culture on Consumer Impulsive Buying Behavior”, Journal o f Consumer Psychology, Vol. 12(2), pp. 163-176.
Kanter Worldpanel, (2012), Irish & UK Grocery Retail Landscape interview with David Berry, [Online] Available at:
http://www.bordbia.ie/eventsnews/ConferencePresentations/2013/Small BusinessOpenDav2013/Irish%20and%20Grocerv%20Retail%20Landsca ne%20-0David%20Berrv.%20Kantar%20Worldpanel.pdf .(Accessed 04th June 20131.
Kanter Worldpanel, (2012), Research by Kantar Worldpanel on shopper trends, [Online] Available at: http://www.kanterworld.com (Accessed 03th July 2013).
Karbasivar, A., and Yarahmadi. H. (2011), Asian Journal o f Business Management Studies 2 (4): pp.174-181.
Kassarjian, Harold H. (1978), Anthropomorphism and Parsimony in Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 5, H. Keith Hunt, pp. xii-xiv.
Kaur, P., & Singh, R. (2007), Uncovering retail shopping motives o f Indian youth. Young Consumers, 8(2), pp.128-138.
Kim J. (2003), College Students’ Apparel Inpulse Buying Behaviours in Relation to Visual Merchandising, the University o f Georgia.
An Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Kollat, D.T. & Willett, R.P. (1967), “Consumer impulse purchasing behaviour”, Journal o f Marketing Research, Vol 4, pg. 191.
Kotier, P., Armstrong, G., Wong, V., and Saunders, J. (2008), Principles o f Marketing, 5th European edition, Prentice Hall.
Kotier, P. & Levy, S.J. (1969), “Broadening the Concept o f Marketing”, Journal o f Marketing, Vol. 33, N o .l, pp. 10-15.
Kotier, P. & Zaltman, G. (1971), “Social Marketing: An Approach to Planned Social Change”, Journal o f Marketing, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 3-12.
Kotier, P. (1973-1974), “Atmospherics as a marketing tool”, Journal o f retailing, Vol.49, pp.48-64.
Kotier, P., & Armstrong, G. (1999), Marketing: An Introduction (Paperback), 1st Ed, Pearson.
Kotier, P., & Keller, P.L. (2011), Marketing Management, 14th Ed, Prentice Hall.
Kotier, P. (2004), Principles o f Marketing 3rd edition ,Mc Graw Hill edition
Kotier, P., Asplund, C., Rein, I., & Haider, D.H. (1999), Marketing Places Europe, Financial Times: Prentice Hall.
Lam, S. Y. (2001), “The Effects o f Store Environment on Shopping Behaviors: A Critical Review”, Advances in Consumer Research, Vol.
28, pp.190-197.
Levy, M. (1976), “Deferred gratification and social class.”,The Journal o f Social Psychology, V ol.100, pp. 123-35.
Lewis, G. (1993), The Impulse Zone, National Petroleum N ews, Vol. 85, pg.24.
Lin, Y.-H., & Chen, C.F. (2012), “Passengers’ shopping motivations and commercial activities at airports. The moderating effects o f time pressure and impulse buying tendency”, Tourism Management.
An Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Luo, X. (2005), “How does shopping with others influence impulsive purchasing”, Journal o f Consumer Psychology, V ol.15(4), pp.288-294.
Maclinnis, D.J., & Price, L.L. (1987), “The role o f imagery in information processing: Review and extension”, Journal o f Consumer Research, Vol. 13, pp.473-491.
Malhotra, N. (1999), Marketing Research -A n applied orientation. 3rd International edn Prentice Hall Publishing, USA.
Malhotra, N. (2004). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation, 4th edition, Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Marshall, M. (1996), Sampling for Qualitative Research. Family Practice, pp. 522 -525.
Masi, K. (2005), Tribal Intelligence: It's All Irrational Behaviour, Brand week, Vol. 46 (25), pp.22.
Mason, J. (2002), Qualitative Researching. (2nd Edition). London: Sage.
Mattila, A. S., & Wirtz, J. (2008), “The role o f store environmental stimulation and social factors on impulse purchasing”. Journal o f Services Marketing, Vol. 22(7), pp. 562-567.
McBurney, D. (2001), Research Methods. 5th Edition. Wadsworth - Thompson Learning.
McCarthy, E. J. (1960), Basic Marketing: A Managerial Approach.
Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin.
McDaniel, Carl Jr., & Gates, R. (1996), Contemporary Marketing Research. 3 rd Edition. West Publishing Company.
McGoldrick, P.J., Betts, E.J., and Keeling, K.A. (1999), “Antecedents o f Spontaneous Buying Behaviour During Temporary Markdowns”, Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 26, pp.26-33.
An Exptoration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in thè Irish Grocery Market
McKechnie, S., (1992), “Consumer Buying Behaviour in Financial Services: An Overview”, International Journal o f Bank Marketing, Vol.
10, pp.5 - 39.
Midgley D, Dowling, G. (1978), “Innovativeness: the concept and its measurement”, Journal o f Consumer Research, pp 2 2 9 - 42.
Miles, M. B., & Hubermann, M. (1994), Qualitative Data Analysis.
Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Milliman, R.E. (1986), “The Influence o f Background Music on the Behaviour o f Restaurant Patron”, Journal o f Consumer Research, Vol.13, pp. 286-289.
Muruganantham, G., & Kaliyamoorthy, S. (2005), Retail Revolution Marketing Mastermind, pp. 15-21.
Musgrave Group, (2013) [Online] Available at: www.mustirave.ie (Accessed 06th May 2013).
Musgrave Group, (2013), Musgrave portfolio, [Online] Available at:
www.mnsffl-avegi-oup.com (Accessed 12th May 2013).
Musgraves Group Pic, (2012), Musgraves pic annual report and review
2012, [Online] Available at:
http://www.bordbia.ie/industrvservices/Pages/MusgravesRetailProfile.as px. ( Accessed 26th May 2013).
Musgraves Group, (2012),SuperValu’s Sales Growth Report 2012), [Online], Available at: http://msupervalnie/about/news/supervalu-outperforms-the-market/Supervalu sales growth for 2012, (Accessed 16th June 2013).
Musgraves Report, (2012), Supervalu’s Performance levels in the
grocery sector,[Online] Available at:
http://m.supervalu.ie/about/news/supervalu-outperforms-the-market.
(Accessed 12lh May 20131.
A n Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Narayana, L., and Markin, J. (1975), “Consumer Behaviour and Product Performance: An Alternative Conceptualization”, Journal o f Marketing, Vol 39, pp. 1-6.
Nelson, P. (1970), “Information and Consumer Behaviour”, Journal o f Political Economy, Vol. 78, no.2, pp. 311-329.
Neuman, W. L. (2000), Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Nigel J. Barrett, (1985), “Hedonic shopping motivations, supermarket attributes, and shopper loyalty in transitional markets: Evidence from Vietnam, Asia Pacific”, Journal o f Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 19, pp.227 - 239.
Nordfalt, J. (2011). In-store Marketing. 2nd ed. Vasteras: Forma Publishing AB.
Olshavsky, Richard W., and Donald B. G. (1979), “Consumer Decision Making - Fact or Fiction?”, Journal o f Consumer Research, Vol.6, pp.93-100.
Omar, O., & Kent, A. (2001), “International airport influences on impulsive shopping: trait and normative approach”, International Journal o f Retail & Distribution Management, Vol.29(5), pp. 226-235.
Orasanu, J., & Connolly, T. (1995),The Reinvention o f Decision Making. Decision Making in Action: Models and Methods (pp. 3- 10).Norwood: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
Owen, J. (1995), “I do anchovies, w ife does flour, w e split blame”, Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel.
Park, C. (2006), “A Comparison o f Inpulse Buying Behaviour and Credit Card Use between Korea and American College Students”, Journal o f the Korean Society o f Clothing and Textiles, Vol 28: pp.1571- 1582.
An Exploration o f Impulse Purchase Trigger Factors: A Focus on New Products in the Irish Grocery Market
Park, E. J., Kim, E. Y., & Forney, J. C. (2006), “A structural model o f fashion-oriented inpulse buying behaviour”, Journal o f Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 10(4), pp.433-446.
Park, J., & Lennon, S. J. (2006), “Psychological and environmental antecedents o f inpulse buying tendency in the multichannel shopping context”, Journal o f Consumer Marketing, Vol. 23(2), pp. 56-68.
Peck, J. & Childers, T.L. (2003), “ Individual Differences in Haptic Information Processing: The ‘Need for Touch’ Scale”, Journal o f Consumer Research, Vol. 30, pp. 430^142.
Peck, J. and Childers, T.L. (2006), “If I Touch It I Have to Have It:
Individual and Environmental Influences on Impulse Purchasing”, Journal o f Business Research, Vol 59: pp.765-769.
Peter, P. J., & Olsen, C. J. (2005), Consumer Behaviour & Marketing Strategy. 7th edn New York: McGraw-Hill. Pp 96-98, 254.
Piron, F. (1991), “Defining Impulse Purchasing”,Advances in Consumer Research ,Volume 18, pp.509-514.
Puri, R. (1996), “Measuring and modifying consumer impulsiveness: A cost-benefit framework”, Journal o f Consumer Psychology, Vol.5 (2), pp.87-113.
Rafiq, M., & Pervaiz, K. A. (2011), “Using the 7Ps as a generic marketing mix: an exploratory survey o f UK”, European marketing academics, Emerald 13.
Rafiq, M., & Ahmed, P. (1995), “Using the 7Ps as a generic marketing mix: an exploratory survey o f UK and European marketing academics,
Rafiq, M., & Ahmed, P. (1995), “Using the 7Ps as a generic marketing mix: an exploratory survey o f UK and European marketing academics,