La empresa redactará un plan de acción para casos de emergencia, instruyendo a

Ongoing research on Internet usage is making apparent how the following rheto- rics—related to identity, community, networks, authority, and the blurring of the online–offline—have shaped our thinking about the impact new media technology is making on religion and culture. The Internet has become an important place where people are able to reflect on and reshape not only their identities, but also the ways in which they interact with each other. The connections users make with one another via these media become sources of belonging and support, from which meaningful relationships may be born and fostered. While patterns of authority emerge as communities and groups form online, these patterns are potentially in response to dissatisfactions with patterns of authority in other settings (like religious institutions). Furthermore, these connections to people and information serve to complement rather than replace other resources found offline.

Emerging forms of technology and digital culture also require further inquiry into the potential influence and challenges they pose to religious communities. In parti- cular, they challenge us to consider the connections that users have available to them at any point in space and time, particularly with respect to their participation in offline religious activities. For example, Web 2.0 calls us to consider how people interact with others in a church setting while having access to Facebook friends and information on Wikipedia through their smartphones. In this example, Internet access provides less of a“virtual reality” distinct from the real world than an “aug- mented reality” where our senses receive information not just from the world around us, but at the same time from our devices. More work is needed to explore the motivations and adaptation of visual digital media within religion online, especially in relation to how this may impact new expressions of multimedia worship. This is seen in the work done on Japanese new religious movements’ use of video sharing sites and interactive Web sites and how they are being used to communicate with

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followers and create new digitally enhanced religious movements (Baffelli et al. 2011). With the rise of mobile media, work needs to be done into the impact of mobile tech- nologies and related applications that may alter personal religious spirituality. This is seen in Wagner’s research as she explores the use of smartphone mobile apps and how they can provide a means of engaging with religious ritual whenever the user wishes (2012). The rise of cloud and ubiquitous computing leads to new developments in Web design and the increase of participatory cultures, and this also calls for increased inves- tigation into the potential social consequence of new media as personal privacy becomes a rare commodity and the rise in surveillance of specific groups creates cultural and institutional concerns about the sanctity of community boundaries and security in global society. These arising issues of inquiry, as well as the rhetorics discussed in this chapter, illustrate that new media technology is a double-edged sword, offering both promises and perils for religious individuals and institutions. Continued exploration of the impact of new media culture on religious groups and practices will be necessary to address these complexities of contemporary networked society.

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