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All Irish AIFs, no matter what their legal form, are subject to the same taxation regime so long as they are designated as Investment Undertakings under Section 739B of the Taxes Consolidation Act, 1997 (as amended) (the “TCA”).

All Irish regulated funds (other than CCFs and Investment Limited Partnerships – which are both treated as Irish tax transparent) are Investment Undertakings.

Topics Page

11.1 Irish Direct Tax & Withholding Tax 162

11.2 Taxation of Irish Residents 162

11.3 Taxation of Non-Irish Residents 163

11.4 8 year Rule 163

11.5 Stamp Duty 163

11.6 VAT 164

11.7 Compliance Requirements 164

11.8 AIFs in the form of a CCF or Investment Limited Partnership 164

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11.1 Irish Direct Tax & Withholding Tax

AIFs are not subject to Irish taxation on any income or gains they may realise from their investments. In addition, no withholding tax arises on dividend or interest payments made by Irish companies to AIFs. The exemption in respect of dividend withholding tax in the case of AIFs is subject to a standard declaration being in place.

In addition, there are no Irish withholding taxes in respect of a distribution of payments in respect of units or any encashment, redemption, cancellation or transfer of units (units includes shares) by the AIF in respect of:-

(A) unitholders who are neither Irish resident nor ordinarily resident in Ireland provided either:

(i) they have provided the AIF with the appropriate relevant declaration of non- Irish residence; or

(ii) the AIF has availed of the Appropriate Equivalent Measures (“AEM”) regime as introduced by Finance Act 2010 which when applicable effectively removes the need for non-resident declarations (see further below under “Taxation of non-Irish residents”);

(B) unitholders which fall within the category of exempt Irish investors (e.g. approved pension schemes, charities, etc) who have also made an appropriate relevant declaration to the AIF.

However when a distribution is made by the AIF to Irish resident unitholders (or an ordinarily Irish resident unitholder) who do not fall within any of the exempt Irish investor categories, or such a unitholder disposes of units and realises a gain, tax must be deducted by the AIF at a rate of 33% on distributions (where payments are made annually or at more frequent

intervals) or 36% on any other distribution or gain arising to the unitholder.

11.2 Taxation of Irish residents

Irish resident individual investors pay no further tax on distributions made to them unless the units are denominated in a currency other than EUR in which case they may be liable to tax on foreign currency gains.

Irish corporate unitholders who receive distributions from which tax has been deducted will not be subject to further Irish tax on the payments received. However, depending on whether the Irish corporate unitholder is taxed at 12.5% or 25% on such distributions then it may be entitled to a refund of part of the withholding tax deducted by the AIF. The AIF will be required to deduct tax at 33% or 36% (or 25% depending on whether the Irish corporate unitholder has completed an appropriate declaration permitting the 25% withholding tax to

be applied). Such unitholders may also be liable to tax on foreign currency gains as outlined above.

11.3 Taxation of non-Irish residents

As above, there are no withholding tax on distributions made to non-residents (provided they complete a non-Irish tax resident declaration) or alternatively the AIF has availed of the AEM regime. The AEM regime is subject to approval by the Irish Tax Authority (“ITA”) but in general it should apply to all AIFs which are not actively promoted in Ireland. For AIFs that avail of this exemption, it essentially means that non-resident declarations are not required in respect of non-Irish resident unitholders. For more on the AEM regime please see

publication on our website entitled “Funds - An Alternative to NRDs, Equivalent Measures”.

11.4 8 Year Rule

Ireland introduced in 2006 legislation to counteract Irish investors being able to roll-up (indefinitely) their share of the underlying income and gains of an Investment Undertaking for more than 8 years. Therefore, every time an Irish investor invests in a AIF, an 8 year clock will start running in relation to that particular investment in the AIF and if that investment is not returned before the 8th_{anniversary of making (or acquiring) that investment (being} shares/units) in the AIF, then certain Irish investors will be taxed as if they had made a redemption or disposal (at market value) of their investment (being shares/units) in the AIF and consequently will be taxed on any deemed gain at 36%. This 8 year rule does not apply to non-Irish resident investors.

11.5 Stamp Duty

No stamp duty is payable in Ireland on the issue, transfer, repurchase or redemption of units in an AIF. Furthermore, no stamp duty is payable by the AIF on the conveyance or transfer of stock or marketable securities provided that the stock or marketable securities in question have not been issued by a company registered in Ireland and provided that the conveyance or transfer does not relate to any immovable real estate situated in Ireland or any right over or interest in such real estate or to any stocks or marketable securities of a company (other than a company which an Investment Undertaking) which is registered in Ireland. Where Irish securities or land is involved, Irish stamp duty will apply.

Where any subscription for or redemption of units is satisfied by the in specie transfer of securities, real estate or other types of assets, consideration should be given to whether Irish stamp duty may arise on the transfer of such assets.

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11.6 VAT

There are wide ranging VAT exemptions with regard to the provision of services to AIFs (e.g. administration, transfer agency, investment management, custodial, etc) and to the extent that an AIF suffers Irish VAT on certain services it receives (e.g. audit and legal fees) the AIF may recover this VAT based on its recovery rate. The recovery rate will be based on either (i) the extent that investments of the AIF are invested outside the EU or (ii) the extent that the investors in the AIF are located outside the EU. The ITA typically has a preference to base an AIF’s VAT recovery position by reference to where the investments of the AIF are invested, rather than where the investors in the AIF are located. Nevertheless, whichever basis is used, it must be applied consistently from one period to the next.

Certain services received from abroad (e.g. the service of non-Irish lawyers or accountants) will require an AIF to register and self account for VAT in Ireland. However, depending on the AIF’s VAT recovery rate, the AIF may be able to recover some or all of this Irish VAT (although in respect of EU investments, no VAT recovery would be available). Once registered for Irish VAT the normal VAT filing and recording keeping obligations under Irish VAT law will apply.

11.7 Compliance requirements

AIFs have an obligation to register with the ITA so as to obtain a tax reference number as each AIF must file bi-annual tax returns. These tax returns should be accompanied by the payment of appropriate tax (if applicable) for the period in question. On the basis that there are no Irish resident or ordinarily resident unitholders (or such unitholders are exempt Irish investors) the appropriate tax should be nil.

11.8 AIFs in the form of a CCF or Investment Limited Partnership

Essentially CCFs and Investment Limited Partnerships are treated as tax transparent from an Irish tax perspective. So no withholding taxes will arise on distributions made by them. There is no need for any non-resident declarations or AEM. Other than that primary

difference, most of the tax measures explained above which apply to corporate and unit trust AIFs equally apply to AIFs in the legal form of a CCF Investment Limited Partnership.

11.9 PAYE