La definición de coalición promotora y sistema de creencias

1. If you had a choice, would you use still pictures or videotape to record events on the job site?

a. still pictures b. videotape

2. The six interrogatory words are:

a. who, why, when, they, them, date

b. name, whom, project, reference, date, description c. hi, bye, reference, body, date, purpose

d. none of the above

3. Where would you typically find records of conversations?

a. labor reports

b. time-lapse photography c. telephone logs

d. progress payment requests

4. Daily tracking of labor, material, and equipment is a good practice for both subcontractors and general contractors..

a. true

b. false

5. A good practice would be to monthly not pay subs and suppliers unless their contractual requirement documentation is up to date for the period that they are asking to be paid for.

(Example: As-built drawings are up-to-date.)

a. true

b. false

(answers: 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a, 5-a)

Lesson 10 Quiz:

See Blackboard, Assignments, Quizzes.

Lesson 11: Jobsite Layout and Productivity Introduction:

It seems so obvious and easy to do but in reality jobsite layout and planning for project

productivity is poorly practiced except on large projects. This is an area where project managers and superintendents can have a tremendous impact upon the overall success of a project. This is what construction managers are being paid for. Their job is to prepare the jobsite so that the logistics of the project work well together.

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of this lesson you should:

1. Understand the components of a jobsite layout plan.

2. Be able to create a jobsite layout.

3. Understand important factors in selecting moving equipment.

4. Identify labor saving layout principles.

5. Learn from examples of delivering materials close to installation points.

6. Learn basic principles of labor productivity.

7. Learn how to create a jobsite sector map and schedule.

8. Understand how to coordinate the delivery and installation of the project equipment.

How to Proceed:

(10)Read and review the discussion materials.

(2) Read and review Construction Jobsite Management, Chapter 5, pg. 113-148.

(23)Answer the self-check questions to evaluate your readiness to take quiz 11.

(24)When you feel that you are ready, Take quiz 11.

Discussion Materials:

In addition to the reading there are three areas that you should consider when creating a jobsite layout and planning to maximize productivity. They are three basic concepts that need to be addressed. They are: labor productivity, contractor and owner coordination of equipment and creating a jobsite sector map and schedule.

Concept 1: Basic Concepts of Labor Productivity

As you begin planning for jobsite layout and productivity there are five fundamental principles that you should understand.

First is that typically construction labor productivity is divided into three areas. The first area is labor actually working at what is called the work face. Here labor is actually putting materials into place to build the actual structure (workface). Studies have shown that this only constitutes about 33% of labor time. Second, labor spends about 33% of their time performing contributory work. This means walking or traveling to retrieve materials or equipment. The third area is that labor spends the other third of their time doing what is classified as non-productive work. This is considered time that is either not at the work face or contributory.

The second area is height. As a rule of thumb, once labor is working off the ground, their normal productivity is cut by 50%. This is due to required scaffolding, safety requirements and getting materials to the needed spot to be put into place.

The third area is weather. The human body is very comfortable at 70 to 75 degrees F. and about 50% humidity, and out of direct sun light. Well how often does that happen? Rarely. Cold and heat can slow down worker productivity along with humidity, rain snow and freezing

temperatures.

The fourth area is equipment. Labor needs the right equipment to perform certain tasks. They need to know how to use the equipment and be trained in the safe use of the equipment.

The fifth area is correct instructions and training. Labor needs to understand the best methods to do the work and be trained in those methods.

Picture this: Three workers are working off of ladders installing soffit and fascia approximately 12 feet off the ground. The ground is uneven and the ladders are not settling properly in the dirt.

It is 32 degrees, overcast and snowing lightly. The wind is blowing out of the north at about 10 knots thus the wind chill factor is about 15 degrees colder. The material was dumped more than 100 yards away from where the men are working and the only way to get the material to the work face is to load it by hand, piece by piece in the back of a truck and drive it over to the job face. The materials are then unloaded on the ground because the truck has to go back for more.

Other labor pick up the material off the ground to be cut to size and then carried up the ladder to be put into place. One worker is driving, loading and unloading the truck. One worker is cutting the material. The other worker is measuring and waiting for the other worker to cut the material.

The two workers then move their ladders into place and climb the ladder and attach the soffit and fascia by hand nailing it.

What’s wrong with this picture?

• Materials are too far from the work face

• Ground is uneven to work on

• General lack of the proper equipment, ladders vs. scaffolding, nailing tools, moving equipment etc.

• Some lack of labor training

• General lack of pre-planning to perform the task

• If the weather is too poor, is there other tasks that labor could move to in order to be more productive now until the weather improves

Here is the decision process that the project manager or superintendent has to make. Is it worth the expense or return on investment (ROI) to purchase or rent the equipment verses the current methods? Is it worth it to take the time to create a job activity sheet that defines instructions and directions, material lists, tool lists, allotted labor hours, best practices techniques to be used and safety items needed etc.? On larger projects and repetitive tasks it will be worth it. For small, one time tasks it probably won’t.

Concept 2: Contractor and Owner Coordination of Equipment

In a previous lesson we talked about how the submittals, samples, product data sheets and shop drawings can help the contractor identify what equipment will be delivered to the site and how and when the equipment can be installed. Planning for equipment is covered well in the reading.

To take the reading one more step, we need to discuss the concept that the contractor nearly always has responsibility for the delivery of the equipment, unloading the equipment, storing the equipment, putting the equipment in place and properly installing and connecting the equipment for operation. The contract documents should clarify those responsibilities. Equipment can come under four different scenarios. They are:

• Contractor provide, Contractor install

• Contractor provide, Owner install

• Owner provide, Contractor install

• Owner provide, Owner install

A schedule of equipment will help to identify which scenario each piece of equipment falls into.

Concept 3: Creating a Jobsite Sector Map and Schedule

The old adage of “eating an elephant a bit at a time” is what sector mapping is all about. The process is fairly simple. It deal with taking the site plan of the project and dividing it into sectors. This is the mapping portion of the exercise. Each sector is labeled. After reviewing the project schedule, a sector schedule is prepared that explains what is happening in each sector typically every month. Consider the following sector map:

1

This jobsite has been divided into 9 sectors. Sector 1 in the top left corner shows how the sector can been subdivided. For example the north east corner of sector 1 could simple be called sector 1 NE. If directions are a little difficult that NE quadrant could be simply referred to as 1.2. The job trailer is located in 8 NE or 8.2. You may notice that sectors 4 and 7 may be used for fill areas and material laydown areas. This is a great tool to help in jobsite layout and planning for increased jobsite productivity.