Ensayos de fricción y desgaste con PGDO 1429

1. Gist Question Answer choice D is correct. The man says that he wants an application for the Academic Scholarship program. Answer choice A is incorrect because he must ask for letters of reference from other people. Answer choice B is incorrect because he wants to pick up the application, not turn it in. Answer choice C is incorrect because he is asking for a scholarship application.

2. Detail Question

The date the completed application is due YES The importance of answering all of the questions YES

The need to write four essays NO

The information to be included in the reference letters NO

The office worker says that the date is absolute, that the student should fill the application out completely. However she says that he needs to write two essays, not four, and she does not mention the information in the reference letters.

3. Function Question Answer choice A is correct. He points out this question as an example of one of the questions that don’t seem to pertain to him because he doesn’t have a ranking and cannot answer it. Answer choice B is incorrect because he does not say anything about how much time it would take. Answer choice C is incorrect because he says that the high school he went to didn’t give rankings.

Answer choice D is incorrect because he cannot get the information; it was never given.

4. Speaker’s Stance Question Answer choice B is correct. The expression dot all your “i’s” and cross all your “t’s” means to pay attention to details. Answer choice A is incorrect because she is not referring specifically to spelling. Answer choice C is incorrect; it is a misinterpretation of the expression. Answer choice D is incorrect because the expression does not refer to vocabulary.

5. Detail Question Answer choices B and C are correct. The office worker says that two of the three letters need to be written by professors. Answer choice A is

incorrect because the office worker says he needs three letters. Answer choice D is incorrect because two of the three letters must be written by a professor.

6. Gist Question Answer choice B is correct. The professor says that they’re going to discuss atolls (which are coral structures) and how they’re formed. Answer choice A is incorrect because the causes of oceanic volcanoes in general are not discussed.

Answer choices C and D are incorrect because where atolls occur and the color of lagoons are only minor details in the discussion.

7. Detail Question Answer choice A is correct. The student says that an atoll’s a ring-shaped mass of coral and algae. Later the professor says that when the coral’s above the water while the remains of the volcano are under water it’s called an atoll.

Answer choice B is incorrect because the professor does not say that the ring contains magma. Answer choice C is incorrect because volcanic rock is not

mentioned as part of the island. Answer choice D is incorrect because the island is not made of coral and the ring is not made of rocks and sand.

8. Function Question Answer choice B is correct. The professor says that the sea floor actually subsides, bringing the volcano down. Then he tells the students that they can imagine this process and describes the bubble in honey. Answer choice A is incorrect because the example explains the rise and fall of the sea floor, not the volcanic explosion. Answer choice C is incorrect because the atoll forms after the sea floor rises and the volcano breaks the surface. Answer choice D is incorrect because the shape of the atoll is not mentioned with the example of a bubble in honey.

9. Organization Question

A volcanic island forms in the tropical ocean. YES Rocks from the eroding volcano form an atoll ring. NO Coral grows in a circle around the volcanic island. YES

The volcano disappears below the water because it erodes and sinks. YES According to the lecture, the formation of the volcano is the first step in the process, and then later in warm waters a coral reef begins to grow around the volcanic island. The professor says that erosion of water and wind as well as the subsiding (falling) of the sea floor brings the volcano below the surface of the water.

The professor does not say that rocks form the atoll ring.

10. Detail Question Answer choices A and D are correct. The professor says that the lagoon will change in color to a turquoise or teal, and that this is due to a shortage of the nutrients necessary for healthy coral growth. Answer choice B is incorrect

because a lagoon is a body of water, not coral. Answer choice C is incorrect

because the professor says that the coral continues to expand outward and upward, not the lagoon.

11. Relationship Question Answer choice A is correct. The professor says as usual in my lectures, I’m giving you the simplified version to start with, but the reality is…

more complex. This implies that it is usual for him to start the lecture with a simplified explanation of a topic that is in reality more complex. Answer choice B is incorrect because the professor does not start this lecture or imply that he starts others with a story. Answer choice C is incorrect because the professor never mentions anything about his personal interest in the topics of the lectures, and he does not say the topics themselves are simple, only the version he starts with. Answer choice D is not right because the professor does not imply that he begins all lectures with pictures.

SPEAKING, PAGE 435 Question 2, p. 436

Sample Notes

Reading Passage Listening Passage

Top: Int’l Ss must take 1 reg univ course last sem of Eng

MPs:

—Familiar w/ courses

— ↑ motivation 4 Eng

Op: M—likes policy, better 4 univ & intern Ss

W—X like policy

W = TA in Psych, makes ↑ work, rate reading, writing, etc.

M— ↑ work 4 W, but better 4 Ss & univ

—Lets Ss try class before 4 or 5, Int Ss X realize amt of read, lecture X

same as text, can’t participate in discuss

W—Why X want 2 finish Eng 1st?

M—Want to start other studies, X Eng

Sample Answer

The man is in favor of the policy and he says it’s better for the university and the international students. The announcement says that all international students have to take one regular university course their last semester of English so they can get used to regular courses. The man says that he speaks to many international students in the writing center, where he works, and they often don’t understand some things about university courses like the amount of reading or the difference between lectures and textbooks. He says that having one course will help them understand what they have to do and help them appreciate their English lessons.

Question 3, p. 437

Main Idea: Supporting Details:

Zero Sum Game (game theory, but app in econ)

Non-zero sum Zero sum economics

Assignment

—Points fixed: ex. 100 pts A = 60, then B = 40…

—Points not fixed: A = 20, B = 30, 50 total, or 150 total…

—Fixed resources: A wants resources, take from B

—Non fixed: A wants resources, take from B, OR make resources, customers, market share, etc.

Look at econ theories, decide based on 0-sum or X

Sample Answer

In the lecture, the professor is discussing zero-sum games and its application to economics. The professor describes two systems, a zero-sum system where the number of points is fixed, at 100, and if one side gets 60 points, the other gets automatically 40, for a total of 100. The other system is non-zero sum, with non-fixed points and the total number of points can be more or less than 100. As applied to economic systems and resources, a zero-sum system means that if one side wants more resources they have to take them from someone else because the total number is fixed. In the non-zero sum system, anyone who wants more resources can take or create them, as the total is not fixed. The professor says that this can apply to resources or customers or other things.