La enseñanza de la política comparada en la Argentina y sus desafíos.

Interpretive evaluation as outlined by Elliot and Timulak (2005) is a method that works well for the analysis process of qualitative research and evaluation. Elliot and Timulak advocate the use of interpretive analysis as a way of abstracting the general and specific meanings of the phenomena under study from the viewpoint of the participants. Processes include the preparation of data, such as transcribing the interviews and organising observation notes and memos; having a systematic approach ensuring auditing processes are clear, allowing the researcher to be able to check the meanings and the context of data as the analysis proceeds; and the coding and interpretation of data. This method was used to explore and understand in depth the use of tikanga Māori within the model, drawing out why and how whānau did things the way they did in the weight loss programmes, whether and why tikanga was important in the design and implementation of the model, and to discuss how whānau behaviour may have changed over time (ibid).

The qualitative data compared themes and ideas from three main datasets to find patterns, similarities and differences, and in coding and categorising the information gathered (Boeije, 2002; Elliot & Timulak, 2005). The first dataset included qualitative data collected from the group Facebook page; the second dataset included qualitative data from participant and key informant interviews post-programme; and the third dataset included personal reflections recorded throughout this evaluation process. Quantitative data was also collected during the Hauora Homies and Kick in the Butt programmes and has been analysed using a descriptive statistical analysis describing and presenting the data in a basic form (Rangahau Website, 2014).

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Kaupapa Māori Health Framework

Te Pae Māhutonga is a Māori Health Framework (see Figure 1) designed to describe and “bring together the elements of modern health promotion” (Durie, 1999) that are important in identifying and providing for the needs of Māori (and others’) health and wellbeing (ibid). Te Pae Mahutonga is based on the constellation of stars known as the Southern Cross and has successfully been used as a navigational tool and guide for Māori and New Zealanders for a number of years (ibid). This framework has four stars in the shape of a cross with two pointers directly pointing towards the cross representing the elements of health. The four stars represent Mauriora (cultural identity), Waiora (physical environment), Toiora (healthy lifestyles) and Te Oranga (participation in society), whilst the two pointers represent Ngā Manukura (community leadership) and Te Mana Whakahaere (autonomy). It is believed that when Māori (and others) have access to all elements they will have more positive health outcomes (ibid). The intent is to explore and recognise strengths, gaps and opportunities for future development to help improve the Hauora Homies and Kick in the Butt programmes, as well as inform future initiatives. Therefore, provides an analytic framework to ensure important components of Māori health were included.

Figure 1: Te Pae Mahutonga

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Dissemination of Results

I was invited to report on my personal journey of lifestyle change by ‘Tahi’, a health and wellbeing programme in Wellington, the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA), a Māori sport and recreation hui (gathering/meeting) hosted by the Wellington City Council and Green Prescription, a Government initiative which helps low-income people and overweight people to access recreation and education on healthy lifestyles.

In line with the tikanga of kaupapa Māori research, I talked with Māori experts and participants to identify opportunities for disseminating the findings of this evaluation. It was important that those involved in this research had control of their knowledge.

Based on this advice, I would like to disseminate the findings first and foremost to those who participated in the Hauora Homies and the Kick in the Butt programmes. This will be done via presentation at a marae-based hui, using Facebook as a contact point for invitations.

The second set of dissemination will focus on kaupapa Māori organisations who are already working and supporting whānau, such as IronMāori and TriPōneke. This would include iwi representatives of Te Atiawa19 _{(mana whenua}20_{) and Ngāti Porou}21 _{(tōku iwi}22_{). Again, this would}

involve presentation at hui reporting the findings. Facebook will be used as a medium for invitation and, where appropriate, kanohi ki te kanohi (face to face).

19_{Te Atiawa – a local iwi in the Wellington area.}

20_{Mana whenua – having traditional authority over an area of land.} 21_{Ngati Porou – a tribe from the East Coast of New Zealand.} 22_{Tōku iwi – my tribe, where I am from.}

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The third set of dissemination would focus on my professional colleagues at the Health Services Research Centre and the School of Social and Cultural Studies. This will be implemented via hui at Victoria University of Wellington. Funders of this evaluation would be invited to this hui.

In addition to producing a Master’s thesis, I aim to publish one journal article in AlterNative:

International Journal of Indigenous People. This is a kaupapa Māori initiative and evaluation.

Summary

This chapter has positioned the evaluation within a kaupapa Māori theoretical approach to provide an understanding of the context behind the evaluation, the programmes and the relationships of those involved in this work. The methods section has outlined how the evaluation took place, followed by a brief explanation of the way in which the data was analysed. An outline of the proposed dissemination is provided because it is an important component of this evaluation. A kaupapa Māori approach demands research and evaluation to provide positive outcomes for those involved – the researcher and the researched. The intent is that this evaluation will provide useful information to inform the future development and implementation of initiatives aimed at improving Māori health and wellbeing outcomes.

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