ENTIDADES CAMBIARIAS

Wooden-bodied bench planes have been super- seded by the all-metal plane (with the exception of the handle and front knob). Although the wooden jack-plane is still regarded by some join- ers as an ideal site plane – it is light to handle, and less liable to break if dropped. Probably the greatest asset of the wooden jack-plane is its ability to remove waste wood rapidly – where accuracy is not too important.

All metal bench planes are similarly con- structed with regard to blade angle (45⬚), adjust- ment, and alignment (fig. 5.39); variations are primarily due to the size or design of the plane

sole (fig 5.44), which determines the function (table 5.2).

Figures 5.40 and 5.41 show a jack-plane being used for flatting and edging a short piece of tim- ber. Notice particularly the position of the hands in

relation to the operation being carried out.

Processing a piece of sawn timber by hand is carried out as follows:

1 Select, and using a jack-plane, plane a face side (best side) straight (fig. 5.42(a)) and out of twist (fig. 5.42(b)). (Winding laths are used to accentuate the degree of twist.) Label the side with a face-side mark (fig. 5.9).

2 Depending on the length of the timber being processed, use either a jack plane or a try- plane (fig. 5.43) to plane a face edge straight and square to the face side (keep checking with a try-square). As can be seen from figure 5.44 the shorter the sole the more difficult it is to produce a long straight edge. A long length of timber will require end support to prevent it tipping – this can be achieved by positioning a peg in one of a series of pre-bored holes in the face or leg of the bench, see figure 5.45. On completion, credit the edge with a face-edge mark (fig. 5.9).

3 Gauge to width (fig. 5.10), ensuring that the stock of the gauge is held firmly against the face edge at all times, then plane down to the gauge line.

4 Gauge to thickness – as in step 3 but this time using the face side as a guide.

Note: when preparing more than one piece of timber for the same job, each operation should be carried out on all pieces before proceeding to the next operation, i.e. face side all pieces, face edge all pieces, and so on.

The smallest and most used of all the bench planes is the smoothing plane. This is very easy to handle and, although designed as a fine fin- ishing plane for dressing joints and surfaces alike, it is used as a general-purpose plane for both bench and site work. Figure 5.46 shows a smoothing plane being used to dress (smooth and flat) a panelled door, and how by tilting the plane it is possible to test for flatness (this applies to all bench planes) – the amount and position of the light showing under its edge will determine whether the surface is round or hollow.

Note: the direction of the plane on the turn at cor- ners or rail junctions – for example working from stile Frame

Blade Break

Danger Blade can act like a guillotine on fingers

When using frames saws–especially hacksaws– always keep fingers outside the framework in

case the blade breaks–see Fig 5.20, 21, 22

Planes 123 Table 5.2 Plane fact sheet

Group Plane Function Length Blade width Remarks

(mm) (mm)

Bench Smoothing Finishing flat *240, *245, 45, 50, 60 50 mm the most

planes (Fig. 5.25a) surfaces 260 common blade width

Record CSBB As above 245 60 ‘Norris’ type cutter

(Fig. 5.25b) adjustment – combining

depth of cut with blade adjustment

Jack (Fig. 5.26) Processing saw *355 380 mm 50, 60 60 mm the most

timber common blade width

Fore Jointer Planing long edges *455 60 The longer the sole, the

(try plane) (not wider than *560 610 greater the degree of

(Fig. 5.27) the plane’s sole) accuracy

straight & true.

Bench rebate Finishing large 235, 330 54 Its blade is exposed

(carriage or rebates across full width of sole

badger) (Fig. 5.28)

Special Block (Fig.5.30) Trimming – end 140, 180, 205 42 Cutter seats at 20⬚ or 12⬚

planes grain (suitable for trimming

laminated plastics, depending on type

Circular Planing convex or 235, 330 54 Spring-steel sole adjusts

(compass plane) concave surfaces from flat to either

(Fig. 5.31) concave or convex curves

Rebate Cutting rebates 215 38 Both the width and depth

(Fig. 5.32) with or across of rebate are adjustable

the grain

Shoulder/rebate Fine cuts across 152, 204 18, 25, 29, 32 Some makes adapt to

(Fig. 5.33) grain, and general chisel planes

fine work

Bullnose/shoulder As above, plus 100 25, 29

rebate (Fig.5.34) working into confined corners

Side rebate Widening rebates 140 Removable nose - works

(Fig. 5.35) or grooves – with into corners. Double-

or across grain bladed - right and left

hand. Fitted with depth gauge and/or fence. Plough (Fig. 5.36) Cutting grooves of 248 3 to 12 Both width and depth

various widths and of groove adjustable

depths – with and across grain

Combination As above, plus 254 18 cutters, Not to he confused with

rebates, beading, various shapes a multi plane, which has

tongues, etc and sizes a rang 24 cutters

Open-throat Levelling bottoms 6, 12 and V A fence attachment

router (Fig. 5.37) of grooves, allows it to follow

trenches, etc. straight or round edges

Spokeshave Shaving convex ot 250 54 Available with or

(Fig. 5.38) flat concave surfaces - without ‘micro blade

bottom & round depending on type depth adjustment

bottom types see Fig. 5.51

to rails or rail to stile – will be determined by the direction of the wood grain.