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C H A P T E R TW O

V IM A N A S M E N T IO N E D IN A N C IE N T T E X T S

In these dusty books, which the student doesn't bother to consult until the eve o f the exam, there are marvels, m iracles!

— H .G .W e lls, The Invisible M an

A n a eria l ca r is m ade o f light wood looking like a great bird with a durable and well-formed body having mercury inside a n d fire at the bottom. It has two resplendent wings, and is propelled by air. It f ie s in the atm ospheric regions f o r a

great distance and carries several persons along with it. The inside construction resembles heaven created by Brahm a himself. Iron, copper, lead and other

m etals are also used fo r these m achines.

— the S am aran gan a Sutradhara o fB h o ja

Th ro ugho ut history there have been m any w ell-know n m yths and legends o f flying m achines o r devices— the fam ilia r flying carpets o f ancient Arabia; biblical figures such as Ezekiel and Solo m o n flying from place to place; M oses and the Israelites follow ing a “pillar o f fire” and the “m agical char­ iots" in the sky; vim an a s in ancient India as well as C h in a and Southeast Asia.

The C h in ese have their own legends o f flight, in clu d in g a legendary flying chariot belonging to an ancient Ch in ese prince, and the m ore recent Wan H o o o f the l6 th century A D — the first rocket m an to attem pt a trip to the m oon. H e allegedly built a sturdy w ooden fram ew ork around a com fortable ch a ir and attached 47 skyrockets to the back o f the seat. Atop it he fastened two large kites. After strapping h im s e lf to the chair, he raised h is hand and servants carrying blazing torches advanced toward the vehicle and ignited

the skyrockets. A m om ent later there was a m ighty blast, followed by an im ­ pressive cloud o f black sm oke. Wan H o o vanished, leaving nothing behind but a legend.88

C h in ese annals relate that the Em peror Shun (c. 2258 -220 8 BC) co n­ structed not only a flying apparatus but even m ade a parachute about the sam e tim e as D aedalus o f G reek legend built h is g liders.24

There was also Em peror Ch eng Tang (1766 BC) who ordered a fam ous inventor nam ed K i-K un g -Shi to design a flying chariot. T h e pioneering avia­ tion constructor com pleted the assig n m en t and tested the aircraft in flight, sup po sedly reaching the province o f H un an in his flying m achine, possibly a glider. Subsequently, the vessel w as destroyed by im perial edict as Cheng Tang was afraid that the secret o f its m echan ism m igh t fall into the wrong hands.

A UPI report by Tony Sam stag o riginating in O slo , Norway in the early 1980s was entitled “H u n t for 1633 Rocket” and w as a brief article about how Norw egian and Turkish scientists hoped to collaborate in fin d ing “history’s first m anned rocket” from beneath the B osphorus Straits o f Turkey. A ccord­ ing to the story, records in the Topkapi M useum said that the rocket, fueled by gun powder, was fired in 1633 with a pilot nam ed H asa n Celebi aboard. The lO -foot-long projectile had a central fuel-driven m otor with six sm aller engines fastened on the outside. Said Norw egian engineer Tore Thoerud, “It is not im m ediately clear where the pilot sat as he flew 300 m etres (980 feet) over the B osphorus before launching h im s e lf in the w orld’s first hang- glider.”

T h e C h in e s e rocket p io n e e r W an H o o gets ready to take o ff into history.

C h in e s e d e sig n fo r “d rag o n fly” flight.

Yet it is a p p a ren t th at the v im a n a s o f a n c ie n t tim e s w ere not pow ered by rocket technology. T h e y w ere eith er b lim p -z e p p e lin -ty p e s h ip s , o r w inged aircraft, they m ay even have had s o m e so rt o f electrical vortex techno lo gy that cau se d th em to fly in a m a n n e r s im ila r to a gyro sco pe o r flyin g saucer. In deed , fly in g sau c e rs o r fly in g s h ie ld s have been d e scrib e d in a n u m b e r o f texts. A c u rio u s in c id e n t a lo n g th is line is told by 19 5 0 s radio h o st and a u ­ th o r Frank Ed w ard s in S tra n g er T h a n S cie n ce

. 19

H e says th a t A le xa n d e r the G re a t’s in v a sio n force w as stop ped at the In d u s R iver by an odd h isto rica l event: “flyin g s h ie ld s ” o r d is c o id aircra ft w ere b u z z in g the g ro u p s o f w ar e le ­ ph ants th a t w ere part o f A le x a n d e r’s arm y, and m ad e th e m stam p ed e . After

this spooking, Alexander’s generals refused to continue with the invasion o f the Indian subcontinent. A lexander’s arm y turned around and began the long m arch back through Afghanistan and Persia to Babylon and ultim ately Greece and the eastern M editerranean. Alexander died in 323 B C in Babylon, possibly po isoned. H is body w as brought back to Alexandria but his tom b is lost. D id Alexander and his arm y have an encounter with som e v im an as that were still operational over the centuries?

A m o n g the m ore fam o us ancient texts that m ention aerial cars— vim an a s— besides the Ram ayaria and M ahab h arata are the Sam aran gana

Sutradhara, the Yuktikalpataru o f Bhoja ( llt h century A D ) the M a yam atam

(attributed to the architect M aya who is celebrated in the M ahab h arata), the

R ig Veda, the Yajurveda and the Ataharvaveda.

The Ram ayaria describes a vim an a as a double-deck, circu la r (cylindrical) aircraft with portholes and a dom e. It flew with the “speed o f the w ind ” and gave forth a “m elo dio us so und ” (a h u m m in g n o ise?). A n cient Indian texts on vim an a s are so nu m erou s it w ould take several books to relate every­ thing they have to say.

Th e First Space Program s

Som e ancient texts recount not ju s t the appearance o f ancient craft, such as in Ezekial’s biblical v isio n , but actual eyewitness acco unts o f going into outer space. The 4,700-year-old Babylonian Epic o fE ta n a co ntains the poem o f the Flight o f Etana:

“I w ill take you to the throne o f An u,” said the eagle. They had soared for an ho ur and then the eagle said : “Look down, what has becom e of earthl” Etana looked down and saw that the earth had becom e like a hill and the sea like a w ell. And so they flew for another hour, and once again Etana looked dow n: the earth w as now like a grind ing stone and the sea

like a pot. After the third ho ur the earth was only a speck o f dust, and the sea no longer seen.

The Book o f Enoch, a sem in al work that has never been included in the biblical canon but inspired m any o f the ideas that appear in other books o f the Bible, co ntains a passage that also seem s to describe spaceflight:

And they lifted m e up into heaven... (14:9) And it was hot as fire and cold as ice... (14:13) I saw the places o f the lu m in a ries... (17:3) And I cam e to a great darkness... (17:6) I saw a deep abyss. (17:11)

Does this not sound like a g raphic account o f a trip into space? It is a d ark abyss, where objects get hot on the side illum inated by the sun and icy cold on the shaded side. And it is the abode o f the sun, m oon, planets, and the stars, as Enoch said.

In the second century A D , Lucian, the G reek author who visited A sia M inor, Syria and Egypt, wrote his novel Vet-a H istoria. H e drew a picture o f a voyage to the m oon w hich anticipated the A m erican space program : “H av ­ ing th u s continued o ur course through the sky for the space o f seven days and as m any nights, on the eighth day we descried a sort o f earth in the air, resem bling a large, sh in in g circu la r island, spreading a rem arkably brilliant light around it.”44

A u tho r Andrew To m as tells the story o f how C h in ese historical tradition m entions H ou Yih (or C h ih -C h ia n g Tzu-Yu), the engineer o f Em peror Yao who w as acquainted with astronautics. In the year 2309 B C he decided to go to the m oon on a celestial bird. T h is bird advised him o f the exact tim es of the risin g, culm in atio n , and setting o f the sun. W as it the equip m ent o f a spacesh ip that provided this inform ation to the prehistoric astronaut? Hou Yih explored space by “m ounting the current o f lu m in o u s air.” The exhaust

o f a fie ry ro c k e t?

A c o n c e p tu a l d ra w in g o f E z e k ia l's W h e e l a s a p ro p e lle r cra ft.

H o u Y ih fle w in to s p a c e , w h e re “he d id n o t p e rc e iv e th e ro tary m o v e m e n t o f th e s u n .” T h is s ta te m e n t is o f p a ra m o u n t im p o rt a n c e in c o rro b o ra tin g

th e sto ry b e c a u s e it is o n ly in s p a c e th a t m a n c a n n o t se e th e d iu rn a l m o v e ­ m e n t o f th e s u n .

O n th e m o o n th e C h in e s e a s t ro n a u t sa w th e “fro z e n -lo o k in g h o riz o n ” a n d b u ilt th e re th e “ P a la c e o f G re a t C o ld .” H is w ife C h a n g N g o a ls o d a b b le d in s p a c e tra v e l. A c c o rd in g to th e a n c ie n t w rit in g s o f C h in a , s h e fle w to th e m o o n , w h ic h s h e fo u n d , in h e r w o rd s , a “lu m in o u s s p h e re , s h in in g like g la s s , o f e n o rm o u s s iz e a n d v e ry c o ld ; th e lig h t o f th e m o o n h a s its b irth in

th e s u n .”

T o m a s g o e s o n to m e n tio n a n o th e r o ld C h in e s e b o o k, T h e C o lle c tio n o f

O ld Tales, c o m p ile d in th e fo u rth c e n tu ry A D . T h e b o o k in c lu d e s an in te r­

e s t in g sto ry fro m th e tim e o f E m p e ro r Y ao w h e n H o u Y ih a n d C h a n g N g o w e n t to th e m o o n . A n e n o rm o u s s h ip a p p e a re d o n th e se a a t n ig h t w ith b r il­

m o on and the stars, hence its n a m e “a s h ip h a n g in g a m o n g the s ta rs ” or “the boat to the m o o n .” T h is g ia n t s h ip th at co u ld travel in the sky o r sail the se as w as seen fo r 12 y e ars.24

555

T h e a n c ie n t In d ia n s th e m se lv e s a p p a ren tly w rote entire flig h t m a n u a ls on the co ntro l o f v a rio u s typ es o f v im a n a s , o f w h ich there were as m an y as five d ifferent types in c lu d in g : the P u sh p ak a v im a n a ; the S h a k u n a V im a n a ; the S u n d a ra V im a n a ; the R u km a V im a n a ; and the T rip u ra V im a n a .

S ays the R a m a y a n a abo ut the P u sh p a k a v im a n a :

T h e P u sh p ak a v im a n a th a t re se m b le s the S u n and belon g s to m y broth­ er w as b ro u g ht by the pow erful R avana; that a eria l and excellent c h a rio t g o in g everyw here at w ill, th at ch a rio t re se m b lin g a b right clo u d in the sky. and the K ing [Ram a] got in , and the excellent c h a rio t at the c o m m a n d o f the R agh ira, rose up into the h ig h e r atm o sp h ere.

T h e great B ritis h /A m e ric a n b io lo g ist, a u th o r and re searche r Ivan T. S an d e rso n w rote in h is 19 7 0 bo o k Invisib le Residents (reprinted by A U P )17 that a c u rio u s text called the S a m a ra n g a n a Su tra h a ra seem ed to d e scrib e a s p in n in g flyin g sa u c e r o f so m e type. S a n d e rso n , w ho a ls o m ak e s reference to D e s m o n d Leslie, the B ritish c o -a u th o r o f G e o rg e A d a m s k i’s c la s s ic 1953 book F ly in g S a u cers H a v e Land ed

,6

says th at the S a m a ra n g a n a Su tra d h a ra is a te c h n o lo g ica l text o f a type called M a n u sa :

It is , m oreover, fro m th e se a uthenticated texts, m o stly in p o etic fo rm , that so m e tru ly a s to n is h in g co n cep ts have been derived . P o etic they m ay be; and n o th in g m o re than m yth, legend, o r fo lklore m ay they pu rpo rt to

record; but they m ake statem en ts th at are m o re th a n ju s t s u rp risin g . S e v ­ eral are, w hat is m ore, co u ch ed in perfectly straightforw ard te rm s and are, tim e and tim e ag ain , stated to be not legendary but te c h n o lo g ica l, and th u s called M a n u s a . T h e se are s a id by the w riters to explain how certain d e vice s were co n stru cted fo r a eria l flight, but not how to so co n stru ct them b ecause the in ven to rs and the e sta b lish m e n t d id not w ant such th in g s to be m a ss-p ro d u c e d and get into the h a n d s o f a ny other th an the ru lers, c o m m o n ly called “k in g s ” and “p rin c e s.” W h a t is m o re, a m o n g the n o n -te c h n ica l w orks devoted to the m o re po etic sto rie s, and know n as

D a iv a , there w o uld a p p ear to be m o re than a m p le su g g e stio n , if not evi­

d en ce, th at su ch a irs h ip s co uld be and w ere put to the m o st g ru e so m e and d e vastatin g use in w artim e.

T h e se texts m ake m o st fa s c in a tin g rea d in g , but being un ab le to read the o rig in a ls o r c o p ie s o f them in the lan g uag e in w h ich they were w ritten, I a p pealed to frie n d s w ho were eith e r O rie n ta ls th e m se lv e s o r stu d e n ts o f O rie n ta l literature. A m o n g these w as the late Dr. R an jee S h a h a n i, w ho at the tim e o f h is death w as P ro fe sso r o f E n g lish Literature at Seton H a ll U niversity. Dr. S h a h a n i had p u b lish e d co n sid e ra b ly o n th e se texts, and I derive m o st o f the fo llo w in g fro m h is w orks. A t the sa m e tim e , I quote certain p a ssa g e s a s p u b lish e d (in translated fo rm ) by the B ritish author, D e sm o n d L e slie ,6 by kind p e rm is s io n o f the a u th o r and p u b lis h e rs . From these so u rc e s we are told that:

In the M a n u sa , the m o st elaborate d e ta ils for b u ild in g (su ch aerial m a ­ ch in e s) are set dow n. T h e S a m a ra n g a n a S u tra d h a ra sa y s th at they were m a d e o f lig h t m ate ria l, w ith a stro n g , w e ll-sh a p e d body. Iron, copper, and lead w ere used in th e ir c o n stru c tio n . T h e y co u ld fly to great d is ta n c e s and w ere p rop elled by air. T h is text, a cc o rd in g to Leslie, d evotes 23 0 stan zas to the b u ild in g o f these m a c h in e s , and th e ir u se s in peace and war.

S an d e rso n then go es on to g ive th is quo te from the S a m a ra n g a n a S u tra -

h a ra th at c o m e s from L e s lie ’s 19 54 book:

S tro n g and d u ra b le m u s t the body be m ad e, like a great flyin g bird, o f lig h t m aterial. In sid e it o ne m u s t place the m e rcu ry-e n g in e w ith its iron h e a tin g a p p a ra tu s beneath. By m e a n s o f the pow er latent in the m ercury w h ich sets the d riv in g w hirlw ind in m o tio n , a m an sittin g in s id e m ay tra v­ el a great d ista n ce in the sky in a m o st m a rv e lo u s m anner.

S im ila rly by u s in g the p rescribed p ro ce sse s o ne can bu ild a v im a n a as large a s the tem p le o f the G o d -in -m o tio n . Fo u r stro n g m e rcu ry co n tain ers m u s t be b u ilt into the in te rio r structure. W h e n th e se have been heated by co n tro lled fire from iron c o n ta in e rs, the v im a n a d evelo p s th u n d e r-p o w er thro ugh the m ercury. A n d at o n ce it b eco m es a pearl in the sky.

M oreover, if th is iron e n g in e w ith prop erly w elded jo in ts be filled w ith m ercury, and the fire be co nd u cted to the up p er part it d e ve lo p s pow er w ith the ro ar o f a lio n.

S an d e rso n then c o n tin u e s to c o m m e n t on the im p o rtan t m e n tio n o f the liq u id m etal m ercury:

Leslie and several o th ers w ho at least tried to take a se rio u s view o f these odd state m e n ts su b se q u e n tly in d u lg ed in s o m e perfectly valid sp e c u la tio n s a s to ju s t w hat the sig n ific a n c e o f m ercu ry m ig h t be. T h e se are both se n sib le and p e rm is s ib le but lead o ff into m atters that d o not co n cern u s here. N e e d le ss to say, they d id not e n c o m p a ss the b a sic o b servatio n th at a c irc u la r d ish o f m ercu ry revolves in a co ntrary m a n n e r to a naked fla m e circu la te d below it, and th at it gath ers speed un til it ex­ ce ed s the speed o f revo lu tio n o f said fla m e . I fan cy that Mr. L e slie w ill be e nchanted w ith th is new o b servatio n .

H e re is the p ro jectio n o f energy by an exceed in gly s im p le p ro cess. S h o u ld the a n c ie n ts have stu m b le d a cro s s th is p ro cess— tho ugh how in the d ic k e n s they m ig h t have d o n e so is a lm o st beyond c o m p re h e n s io n — they m ig h t w ell have follow ed up the lead and ended up by fin d in g o u t how to tap and ch a n n e l su ch energy. Take th is lead far eno ugh and one can su g g e st the d e v e lo p m e n t o f an “e n g in e ” e m p lo y in g it and b e in g put to u se to do (as the e n g in e e rs say) w ork.

D e sm o n d L e slie ’s th e m e is th at th is w as one type o f e n g in e developed for aerial flight, a n d he extrapolates therefrom to the sug g e stio n th at it m ay have been d evelo ped far eno ugh fo r sp a ce travel, and th a t so m e th in g on th is p rin c ip le pow ers so m e U F O s .

S an d e rso n w as keenly interested in all so rts o f m y ste rie s, in c lu d in g U F O s and the a b ility o f so m e craft to fly th ro u g h the a ir and go un derw ater a s w ell. H e felt th a t the su b je c t o f v im a n a s w as a c re d ib le a n c ie n t m ystery and one that deserved greater attentio n. S a n d e rs o n ’s b o o k cam e o ut in the early 19 7 0 s , b a sic a lly d u rin g the p o p u la r C h a rio ts o f the G o d s -A n c ie n t A stro n a u ts perio d . By the 19 8 0 s sc h o la rs in In d ia w ere getting m o re interested in w hat th e ir a n c ie n t texts sa id a b o u t sp a ce travel, a n c ie n t flig h t and v im a n a s .

A t the W o rld S p a ce C o n feren ce on O cto b e r 11 , 19 88 in B an galore, In d ia, a s reported in the lo cal n e w sp ap er The H in d u , an Italian by the n a m e o f Dr. Roberto Pino tti a d d re sse d the d elegates and sp o ke on a n c ie n t In d ia n v i­ m a n a s. A fter briefly te llin g them w hat v im a n a s were, he w ent on to say that the Trip u ra V im a n a w as pow ered by m o tive pow er generated by s o la r rays and had an elongated form s im ila r to a m o d ern b lim p .

H e w ent on to say th at the “a n c ie n t A rya n s knew the u se o f the e le m en t ‘fire’ a s co uld be seen fro m th e ir ‘A stra ’ w ea p o n s th at in clu d e d so - p o sa m h a ra (a fla m e -b e lc h in g m is s ile ), P ra sv a p n a (w hich cau se d sleep) and fo u r k in d s o f A g n i A s tra s that traveled in sheets o f fla m e and produced

thunder.”

W hile Dr. Pinotti concluded his talk by telling the delegates that they should take the sub ject o f vim an as seriously, he w as really speaking to the foreign delegates, as m ost In d ian s, especially H in d u s or those o f religions derived from H in d u is m such as B ud dh ism o r Ja in ism , already believed that their ancestors had such technology.

Pinotti also m entioned the Sam aran gana Sutradhara is a scientific treatise dealing with every p o ssib le angle o f a ir travel in a v im ana. Pinotti said that there are 230 stanzas dealing with construction, takeoff, cru isin g for tho u­ san d s o f m iles, norm al and forced land in g s, and even po ssib le co llisio n s with birds.

T h e elder child, H iranyakasip u , was unafraid o f death from anyone within the three w orlds because he received a benediction from Lord Brahm a. He w as proud and puffed up due to th is benediction and w as able to bring all

three planetary system s under his control.

— B h agavad G ita (M ahabharata, Book 6)

In Control o f Three Planetary S ystem s?

There are m any other ancient texts from India that provide fascinating and incredible inform ation on the highly technological ancient world, o f w hich ancient India w as only a part. The Bhagavad G ita (known as Srim a d - Bhagavatam to H in d u s) is part o f the M ahab h arata. In text 19 o f the Third Canto we read (as translated by Bhaktivedanta Sw am i Prabhupada, founder o f the H ari K rishna m ovem ent):

The elder child , H iranyakasipu , w as unafraid o f death from anyone w ithin the three w orlds because he received a benediction from Lord Brahm a. H e was proud and puffed up due to this benediction and was

In document REGLAMENTO DE LA LEY DE FRACCIONAMIENTOS PARA EL MUNICIPIO DE APASEO EL GRANDE, GTO. Periódico Oficial del Gobierno del Estado de Guanajuato (página 41-45)