EQUIPAMIENTO EN LOS PAISES DE LA REGIÓN ANDINA

Meaning

te form of dazu (to extract, to take out)

1: to be hit; to strike;

2: to touch; to be in contact; to be affixed;

3: to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to apply to;

4: to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.);

5: to be selected (in a lottery, etc.); to win;

6: to be successful; to go well; to be a hit;

7: to face; to confront;

8: to lie (in the direction of);

9: to undertake; to be assigned;

10: to be stricken (by food poisoning, heat, etc.); to be afflicted;

11: to be called upon (by the teacher);

12: to treat (esp. harshly); to lash out at;

13: to be unnecessary;

14: (in baseball) to be hitting well; to be on a hitting streak;

15: (in fishing) to feel a bite;

16: (of fruit, etc.) to be bruised; to spoil; ()

17: to feel (something) out; to probe into; to check (i.e. by comparison);

18: to shave

(after past tense verb) had better (verb); (after negative verb) is better not (verb)

te form of amaru wich means to remain; to be left over; to be in excess; to be too many; to surpass

laugh, smile (at us, at me)

chase, run after, pursue (infinitive of ou)

te form of tobu (to fly), something (form te) flies…

negative form of chikazuku (to aproach)

all sorts of; all kinds of

1: suspicious; dubious; doubtful; dodgy; suspicious (referring to a potential amorous relation); dangerous (e.g. financial situation); ominous (e.g.

weather); strange; shady; fishy;

2: charming; bewitching; mysterious

te form of tashikameru, means "I will confirm…" removing confirm with any other verb but assuring the action of the following verb

comes from awaru that means to end. The ccha adds acertive meaning, making it more aggressive (like adding 2 !!), tta adds past form making the meaning "ended" (in a crude way)

~nakereba naranai > ~nakucha naranai > ~nakya nannai > ~nakya > ~nyacolloquial ending

abunakatta weird word abunakatta kedo (it's dangerous though)

age particle to give (to you), miseteageru (to show you)

example ima kara koso ganbannakya (ganbaranakereba naranai) There's "ganbatte!" for a start. Used as "Good luck!" but literally meaning something like Fight! or Struggle! 惑乱 分からんIt has lots of grammatical variations too, like ganbarimasu “I shall try hard” and ganbaranakutcha (< ganbaranakereba naranai) “hang in there, keep going, stick it out”.

ageru common word (fireworks, etc.);

to surface (a submarine, etc.);

4: to land (a boat);

5: to show someone (into a room);

6: to send someone (away);

7: to enrol (one's child in school) (enroll);

8: to increase (price, quality, status, etc.);

9: to make (a loud sound); to raise (one's voice);

10: to earn (something desirable);

11: to praise;

12: to give (an example, etc.);

to cite;

13: to summon up (all of one's energy, etc.);

14: (Polite language) to give; ceremony, esp.

a wedding); () 18: (of the tide) to come in; () 19: to vomit;

(Auxillary verb) 20: (Usually written using kana alone) (Polite language) (after the -te form of a verb) to do for (the sake of someone else); language) used after the -masu stem of a humble verb to increase the level of humility

aita expresion ouch!

aitsu common word he; she; that guy

anata adjective

ano adjective that (someone or something distant from both speaker and listener, or situation unfamiliar to both speaker and listener)

anta common word you (informal of anata)

antara common word you guys

1: (Usually written using kana alone) (Polite language) you (referring to someone of equal or lower status, followed by tachi means you guys);

2: dear (what a wife calls a husband)/beyon d; across; the other side; the distance

are common word

arimasu particle end

1: that (indicating something distant from both speaker and listener (in space, time or psychologically), or something understood without naming it directly);

2: that person (used to refer to one's equals or inferiors);

3: (Archaism) over there;

4: (Noun) (Colloquialism) down there (i.e.

one's genitals);

5:

(Colloquialism) period; menses;

(Interjection) 6: hey

(expression of surprise or suspicion); eh?;

7: (Noun) that (something mentioned before which is distant form) originally from "aru" (the existion of inanimate object) like the first answer.

Ex:

koko ni hon ga arimasu = there has a book (literally : the book exists in here)

ariyate ending IS (like desu)

aru verb

arunojana weird word will you accept?

atta ending informal past for I ending adjectives

attara common word (koto ga attara) if there is anything…

baka common word

bakka comon word

boku common word brat, kid

butten weird word Budist Scriptures, acting

1: (Usually written using kana alone) to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to exist; to live;

2: to have;

3: to be located;

4: to be

equipped with;

5: to happen; to come about

1: fool; idiot;

trivial matter;

folly; absurdity;

(Na-adjective) 2: foolish;

stupid; dull;

absurd;

ridiculous 1: (Usually written using kana alone) approximately;

about;

2: only; merely;

nothing but;

3: (after the -ta form of a verb) just (finished, etc.): seem

ccha particle end

chansu foreign word chance

chanto common word perfectly; properly; exactly

chau particle end Finally, I guess I'll mention that in everyday, familiar settings a "slang" form of shimau is often used. At first I decided to leave this point out because I felt that it would just complicate things, but then one of my readers mentioned it, which made me think it over again. And, since it is used a lot, I've decided to go ahead with it. It's "chau," and, borrowing two examples from above, it sounds like this: Densha ni noriokurechau yo! (We'll miss the train!) Ah! Kippu o nakuschaimashita! (Oh, no! I lost my ticket!)

chon sound tin….!

chottooooootsu common word wait a minute here

da particle end plain copula

dakara (jakara) conjunction so; therefore

dakedesu common word there is only

dakedesukedo common word but there is only

dame common word useless; no good; hopeless; hard

The particle -ccha is used to make a

statement sound more assertive:

Miyagi-ben Standard English N'daccha na!

Sou da yo ne!

"Isn't that the truth."

Dame daccha!

Dame da!

"Forget it!"/"It's no good!"

Hon de iccha.

Sore de ii yo.

"That'll do just fine."

Yappeccha!

Yarou yo! "Let's do it!"

Mada aisu peccha! Mada aimashou! "Let's get together again

sometime!"

danante common word end

darou common word

datta common word 'datta' is the same as 'deshita'. It is just past tense. I means 'was'.

dattara common word if it's the case

datte interjection

(2) To bring up something

unexpected or to re-quote what you have found out with

surprise.

(Like adding caps lock to something said) Although there is a slight nuance

difference, なん て(=nante) and だなんて

(=danante) are exchangeable in many cases.

（Usually we use だなんて

(=danante) when we quote what

someone has said and we use thought you'd say that!

1: but; however;

still; yet;

although; even though; (Suffix) 2: even; even if;

3: or something

de particle

deha interjection then; well; so; well then (sounds like deba)

dekiru common word

demo common word

denakya ending

1: indicates location of action; at; in;

2: indicates time of action;

3: indicates means of action;

cause of effect;

by; written using kana alone) to be able (in a position) to do;

to be up to the

to be permitted (to do);

5: to become intimate; to take up (with

although; even though; (Suffix) 2: even; even if;

3: or something 1:

negative base of verb) have to do

desho particle end

deshou common word

desuno…? ending is…. ?

do particle begin

dogitsui common word (adj-i) gaudy; loud; garish; violent; harsh doiukoto/doyukoto common word what do you mean? (with that)

dokidoki common word (on-mim) throb; beat (fast)

doko common word

dokonimo common word

dou particle end how about… (releasing him?)

douiu common word somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of

doujana common word what do you think about it?

doushitan adjective (adj-f) what's the matter?; what's wrong?

1: (Polite language) seems; I think; I guess; I wonder;

I hope;

2: don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!

1: (Polite language) seems; I think; I guess; I wonder;

I hope;

2: don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!

1: (Kansai dialect) precisely;

exactly; plumb;

totally; very;

2: derogatory prefix used before nouns &

adjectives

1: (Usually written using kana alone) where; what place;

2: how much (long, far); what extent

1: (Usually written using kana alone) nowhere (with neg. verb); not anywhere;

2: everywhere;

anywhere;

anyplace

particle end

erea common word area O_O

ga particle

ga particle

gaki/gakincho common word brat, kid

gakirai common word hate/don't like

ganbaru verb to persist; to insist on; to stand firm; to try one's best

gi particle end adjective

he interjection indicates direction or goal (e.g. "to")

hidoi common word (adj-i)cruel; awful; severe; very bad; serious; terrible; heavy; violent

hikkakaccha(small tsu) weird word hikkakaru -> to be caught in; to be stuck in; to be cheated; hikkakaccha(small tsu) -> I got caught

hona common word well then…

hora common word see? Look!

ii common word

ii (xixi) coloquial ending I have a/you have a

e(え)

1: eh? (surprise);

2: eh

(agreement);

(Particle) 3: (Archaism) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.;

4: (after a noun) used when calling out to someone

like wa but when responds to something {unless is not defined}, points to the active subject in the sentence, at the end is [but]/ remarks that the subject IS something 1: indicates

sentence subject (occasionally object);

2: indicates possessive (esp.

in literary expressions);

3: but; however;

still; and

1: (Usually written using kana alone) good; excellent;

fine; nice;

pleasant;

agreeable;

2: sufficient (can be used to turn down an offer);

ready; prepared;

3: profitable (e.g. deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial;

4: OK

iie common word no; nay; well

iikagenninasai common word cut that out in this instand!

iindayo common word that's enough… (asuna, stop it)

ikenai common word wrong, no use

ikinari common word abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning

ippai common word

itsumo adverb

iware common word being said

iya common word no (negating something)/ah…

jaa interjection

jan colloquial ending isn't, for sure.

jane particle end dare (don't dare to say that anymore)

jii common word grandpa

jijii comon word old man

jo common word Difficult; help; rescue; assistant,

1: amount necessary to fill a container (e.g.

a cupful,

spoonful, etc.); a drink (i.e. an alcoholic beverage);

2: full;

3: one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; () 4: (Usually

written using kana alone) fully; to written using kana alone) always; usually;

every time;

2: never (with neg. verb)

1: then; well; so;

well then;

2: combination of 'de' and 'wa' particles

ka particle end

kana particle end

kanari common word considerably; fairly; quite

kano common word that (someone or something distant from both speaker and listener, or situation unfamiliar to both speaker and listener)

kara interjection Translates to: "from, after, because" Kara may be followed by no to link two nouns; About, as for… (from someone, as for me...)

kashira particle end certainly

kato particle end

kawaee (kawaii) expresion when something is to cute… (don't wou feel sorry for...)

kedo particle end but; however; although; though

kenka common word quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle

kinchou common word tension; mental strain; nervousness

kirai common word hate

kitan common word come here

kochira common word this/this way addresses oneself or shows a way

koitsu common word this fellow…

1: indicates question

(sentence end);

2: indicates choice, doubt, etc. …huh? (I-m gonna teach this persons… huh?) 1: I wonder (sentence ending prt);

2: should I?

(question prt when thinking out loud); is it?;

3: I wish that (with a

negative); I hope that

1: crossing;

ferry;

2: transient;

3: changing old to new

koko common word

kokoga common word this is…

kongakya common word brat, kid

konna particle begin such (about something; someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or about ideas expressed by the speaker); like this

kono particle begin this (something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or ideas expressed by the speaker), you… (woman... in a despective way)

kora common word hey hey

kore common word this…

korega common word this is…

korekara common word after this

koto common word thing; matter; fact; circumstances; business; reason; experience

koto interjection also known as

kotoni adverb specially

kotoninaru common word it has been decided (so) that; it has been arranged (so) that

ku particle end verb+ku to hurry, to run…

kunai particle end didn't you?

kureguremo common word repeatedly; sincerely; earnestly

kusei common word and yet; though; when; in spite of

kuseni common word and yet; though; when; in spite of; although

ma/shou ending It's a form of the verb "suru" which means "to play", "to do", "to act", "to feel", "to perform", etc.,etc. alone = we should hurry / quiestion = shouka shall we hurry?

1: (Usually written using kana alone) here (place physically close to the speaker, place pointed by the speaker while explaining); this place;

2: these last (followed by a duration noun and a past sentence: time period before the present time of the speaker);

3: these next ...

(followed by a duration noun and a non past sentence: time period after the present time of the speaker);

the next ...

macha particle end

mada adverb

made interjection Translates to: "up to, until, as far as" Indicates a time or place as a limit.

maji common word

mashita ending polite perfect

mashouka expression

The form てしま うte shimau is shortened to the very very

commonly used and casual ちま うchimau or ちゃうchau with the same

consonant doubling as the te form.

For example, "I forgot my

mobile phone!":

"keitai

wasurechatta!"

"携帯忘れちゃっ た！" The de shimau form is shortened to じゃうjau or じま うjimau in colloquial speech.

1: (Usually written using kana alone) since; as yet;

hitherto; still;

2: not yet (with negative verb) 1: (Slang) serious (not capricious or flirtatious);

(Auxillary verb) 2: cannot;

should not; will not; must not 1: shall I?;

2: shall we?

masu ending

mata adverb again; and; also; still (doing something)

mate particle ending tonde/mate, tonde is the te form of tobu wich means fly. Te indicates that is related to something the verb and mate indicates that keeps going /tondemate means "something (from te form) keeps fliying (from tobu and mate)"

mazu adverb

mazui common word poor quality, shoddy, crude/unappetising; unappetizing; unpleasant (taste, appearance, situation);

mitai particle end ~-like; sort of; similar to; resembling

mitari common word like (like you!?)

mitenotoori common word as you see

mo interjection also

moarunda common word (I, him, they… etc) have also

moracchatte weird word Can we really have…

morae common word

morau / moraou common word to receive; preceded by yatte could mean "let's give it/see it/show it/begin"/ after -te form its could you please+verb

moroutano common word they've (given you…)

mottomo common word quite right; plausible; natural; but then; although

mou common word

1: (Polite

language) used to indicate respect for the listener (or reader);

2: (Archaism) (Humble (kenjougo) language) used to indicate

respect for those affected by the action

1: first (of all); to start with;

about; almost;

anyway; well;

now;

2: hardly (with neg. verb)

1: (Usually written using kana alone) to receive; to take;

to accept;

2: to get

somebody to do something

(follows a verb in

"te" form)

1: already, another, just; anymore;

2: soon; shortly;

3: more; further; other; again; ()

4: interjection used to strengthen expression of an emotion (often exasperation)

n particle end

na particle end

naanaa common word complice/ also nee nee

1: (Abbreviation) used to express approval,

especially in slurred or unclear speech (abbr. of

interjection

"un");

2: negative verb ending used in informal speech (abbr. of

negative verb ending "nu");

3: abbr. of particle "no";

4: abbr. of particle "ni"

(used especially when it

precedes the verb "naru") 1: (sentence end, mainly masc.) indicates emotion or emphasis;

2: (Abbreviation) (used with masu stem verb) command;

3: (used with dictionary form verb) like an animal?)

nai common word

nakademo common word

nakatta particle end there is/are (it was) not something

nanda word end it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ..; denotes question (hontoni sensei nanda!?)

nandaka adverb (a) little; somewhat; somehow; although

nandakara emphasizer it is… (A good child… it is, he is, she is...)

nandatte common word

1: not (verb-negating suffix;

may indicate question or invitation with rising

intonation); 2:

emphatic suffix (used after the root of an adjective); 1:

(Usually written using kana alone)

nonexistent; not being (there);

2: unpossessed;

unowned; not had;

3: unique;

4: indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility;

(aux-adj) 5: (after the ren'youkei form of an adjective) not ...; things); inter alia;

2: above all (else)

1: (Usually written using kana alone) What?! (are you

nande adverb

nandemo common word any; whatever one likes; by all means; anything; everything

nandesu common word

nandesutte expresion What did you say?

nanika expresion something

nanikarananimade expresion anything and everything; from top to toe; from A to Z

naniyatton common word terminacion -ten, -ton: the verb endings ten and ton, in order of decreasing politeness are Western Japanese abbreviations for the standard -te iru or -teru. Nani yatton/yatten? -> What are you doing?

1: why?; what for?

2: how?; by what means?

it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that … waht is this? what is this box? what did you say?

what do you want? Polite form of what

nanka common word

At the beginning of a sentence or in front of a descriptive word, nanka means "kinda"

or "somewhat."

The speaker is being tentative or vague about whatever description or statement is being offered. It can also be used as a filler word when the speaker is struggling to think of exactly what to say, in the sense of,

"It's kinda, like, you know, sorta..."

Kanojo no kyou no koudou'tte ieba...nanka, hen da to omowanai?

Speaking of her actions

today...don't you think it's kinda strange? As a suffix, -nanka expresses distaste for or disparagement of whatever word it is

attached to. This is extremely hard to translate into English. The phrase "such a [negative] thing as ~ " comes closest, but that's awkward to say.

Anta-nanka, daikirai!

You horrible person, I hate you!

When comparing oneself with another person, it is common to attach -nanka to the first-person pronoun as a way of being humble. The meaning in this case isn't quite as strong; it's more along the lines of "silly me" or "little old me."

Saori-chan wa ii no. Demo, watashi-nanka ga sonna koto shitara, shippai suru ni

kimatteru mono.

It's fine for you, Saori-chan. But if I [my humble self] were to do such a thing, I'd surely fail.

A special

variation of this uses -nanka- as an infix before the -nai of an i-adjective in the negative. This emphasizes the negative aspect.

Ano eiga, omoshiroku-nanka-nakatta yo.

That movie wasn't at all interesting.

nankashinakatta common word what did… (you do)

nano particle end feminine copula

nante common word

nantoka common word

nara ending particle

naru verb

naru common word become

naru daroo/deshoo expresion will become

naruhodo common word I see; That's right!; Indeed

1: such as;

(things) like;

2: exclamation 1: something;

something or other; so-and-so;

2: somehow;

anyhow; one way or another

… right? /if (atsui nara -> if you re hot) 1: if;

in case; if it is the case that; if it is true that;

2: as for; on the topic of;

(Conjunction) 3:

(Colloquialism) (Abbreviation) if that's the case (how about...); if so; that being the case 1: (Usually written using kana alone) to

to be composed of;

4: to succeed; to be complete;

5: to change into; to be exchanged for;

6: to play a role;

7: to be promoted (shogi)

nashi common word

natta common word became

natta daroo/deshoo expresion would become (but not)

natte shimatta expresion has or had become

natte shimatte iru expresion has been becoming

natte shimatte ita expresion had been becoming

natteru common word

nazo common word mine (used with uchi)

nda interjection the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; it is that ...

ne particle you know what?, you know… (reafirmando algo que ya se sabia)

neba common word if not ... (negative conditional)

nee particle end

ni interjection

ni natte particle end to become, been (assigned)

niha (niwa) particle for, in, to (also emphasis for negative ending); for (in regard to); in order to, alternatively, on the other hand (at the end of sentence).

nishitemo common word anyway, however, in any event, whether or no, no matter what

no particle end used more in femenine speech to mark statements

1: not (verb-negating suffix;

may indicate question or invitation with rising

intonation);

2: emphatic suffix (used after the root of an adjective)

"Natteru （鳴ってる）" is an informal way of saying "natteiru （鳴っている）." When "iru （いる）" is used with the te-form of a verb, it expresses the continuation of an action. (sensei is getting… troubled)

1: (sentence end) indicates emphasis, agreement, request for confirmation, etc.; is it so;

(Interjection) 2: hey; come on

Translates to: "to, in, at, by"; indirect object, direction, also emphaziser, anta ni (YOU!)

no nominalizer

node particle that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ....; given that...

Not "noha" but

"no" is the same as "koto" which nominalizes a verb. "no" and

"koto"

correspondend to "(verb)-ing" or

"to (verb)" in English. EX:

"Nerukoto ha(/wa) kinshi sareteiru."(Sleep ing is forbidden.)

= "Neruno ha(/wa) kinshi sareteiru.

noha combined particle

By the way, just for reference, here are a few examples where you have the の for making a noun phrase combined with は. If you want to say "something"

By the way, just for reference, here are a few examples where you have the の for making a noun phrase combined with は. If you want to say "something"

In document ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDO. Introducción Método (página 73-83)