Establecimiento de llamada y de conexión con una sola conexión de red –

The following is a general comparison of selected trenchless technologies showing the different aspects of these technologies. The comparison is based on Salem et al. (2008) assessment of trenchless use in culverts and drainage structures. The

information in Table 2 together with collected information from other sources is the basis for the Guideline developed in this report which is detailed in Chapter 7.

12-1426 Trenchless Technologies and Work Practices Review for Saskatchewan Municipalities, Communities of Tomorrow, SK

Table 2. General Comparison of Selected Trenchless Technologies (Salem et al., 2008)

Technology Diameter Range mm (in) Maximum Installation m (feet) Grouting or

Resin Liner Material Advantages Limitations

Segmental Slip lining 600 - 450 (24 - 17) 60 - 600 (200 - 2000) Grouting - Requires a thin, coarse mortar Polyethylene, Polypropylene PVC, Glass reinforced pipe

• Expensive specialized equipment is not needed • It is a simple technique

• It can be used for both structural and nonstructural purposes • Existing flow does not restrict the process

• Host diameter is typically reduced by ~10%, however, due to the liner pipes good flow characteristics; the hydraulic capacity is frequently improved

• Grouting is required

• Segmental installations, cannot typically push through angle points greater than 1-3 degrees (depends on diameter and clearance)

Continuous Slip lining 300-1600 (12 - 63) 60-600 (200 - 2000) Grouting - Requires a thin, coarse mortar Polyethylene, Polypropylene, PVC •

Same as segmental slip lining _• Same segmental slip lining

Cured In Place Pipe (CIPP) - inverted with air 300-2700 (12 - 108) 900 (3000) Resin - polyester and vinyl ester

Polyester felt material, fiberglass reinforced or similar

• Lining without joints • Grouting is not necessary

• Smooth interior surface enabling an increase in flow capacity • Lining noncircular shapes is possible

• Lining can be accomplished even in the presence of bends • Design life of 50 year – 100 years

• Corrosion resistant • Relatively quick installation • A structural solution

• Small cross-section reduction with increased flow capacity

• The tube is custom made for each project • Existing flow must be diverted

• Successful installation depends highly on the curing process • It can be expensive

• Must divert any pipe flow

Cured In Place Pipe (CIPP) - winched at place 300-2600 (12 – 100) 460 (1500) Resin - polyester and vinyl ester

Polyester felt material, fiberglass reinforced or similar

• Same as continuous slip lining _• Same as continuous slip lining

Spiral Wound Pipe 300-3000 (12 – 120) Unlimited Grouting - sometimes required, (Cementitious Grout)

PE, PVC, PP, PVDF _• Large bends can be accommodated • Pipes are not stored on the job site • Mobilization costs are low

• Skillful personnel are needed • Annular space should be grouted

• Dependency on a special winding machine

• Reduction of sectional area, however an improvement in the roughness coefficient will compensate for this size reduction in most cases

Close-Fit Pipe (two types) Mechanically folded liners Reduced diameter pipes 300-600 (12 – 24) 300 (1000)

N/A HDPE, MDPE _• The new pipe is produced at a controlled environment • minimal reduction in the existing pipe area

• Mechanically folded pipes can accommodate 45 degree bends • Few or no joints

• No grouting is required

• The diameter and installation range is limited • A large working space is needed

• Usually the flow needs to be bypassed

• Existing culvert must be longitudinally uniform (diameter changes or discontinuous culverts may prohibit this method) (FHWA 2005)

• Relatively complex method requiring special machinery (FHWA. 2005)

Thermoformed Pipe 300-800 (12 – 30)

460 (1500)

N/A HDPE, PVC _• The new pipe is produced at a controlled environment (factory) therefore quality is higher and installation is fast

• The cross sectional reduction is minimal, thus minimal or no reduction in flow capacity

• It can provide a design life of a new pipe • Few or no joints

• Diameter range is limited

• Bypassing the existing flow is required in many cases

• Large working space may be required for some type of installations • Liner lengths are limited by pull-in forces or coil lengths (FHWA. 2005)

Panel Lining 1000 and

larger (42 and larger)

N/A Cementitious or polymer

PVC _• Panel lining can be used in any shape of pipe

• Chemical and abrasive resistant liners can be installed • It can be installed under restricted flow conditions

• Change in pipe diameter can be negotiated with prefabricated transition

• Only worker entry pipes can be renewed by this method • Grouting must be applied to the annular space

Table 2. General Comparison of Selected Trenchless Technologies (Salem et al., 2008) Technology Diameter Range mm (in) Maximum Installation m (feet) Grouting or

Resin Liner Material Advantages Limitations

panels Formed-in-Place Pipe 200-3050 (8 – 120) <180 (600'') <120 (400'') <60 (200') Cementitious polymer mortar

HDPE _• Can be used in any shape (circular, oval, vertically sided, symmetrical, or non-Sym.)

• Can serve for both corrosion control and structural purposes and for long-drive length where access is limited

• Nonstandard shapes up to 12 ft in diameter are possible

• There might be an improved hydraulic capacity by providing a lower coefficient of friction

• Abrasive resistant and chemical resistant, excellent in corrosive environments

• Significant reduction in cross-sectional area of the culvert is possible • Access shafts or great clean out process may be required

• The annular space must be grouted

In-Line Replacement

(e.g. pipe

bursting/splitting and pipe removal technologies)

200 - 1220 (8 - 48)

90 - 120 (300 - 400)

N/A PE, PVC, Ductile Iron, Vitrified Clay •

Can be used for upsizing

• A wide range of existing pipe types and diameters are possible to replace

• The new pipe will follow the alignment of the existing culvert

• In pipe bursting, the existing culvert is left underground eliminating the need for its disposal

• Bypassing of flow is usually required

• Ground movements, vibrations, and possibility of damaging nearby utilities and existing structures must be evaluated for specific conditions of each project

• There is a risk of disturbing the pavement surface above the existing culvert

Underground Coatings and Linings 200 - 4500 (8 - 177) 425 (1400)

N/A New material - cement- mortar or polymers •

Variations in cross section can be readily accommodated • Relatively low cost for cement-mortar lining

• Quick installation, thus higher production in polymers • Polymers do not wear for longer life

• No pH effect for polymer coatings • Protects against corrosion • Some reinforcement can be used

• Relatively slow installation for cement-mortar lining • Requires safe conditions for worker entry

• High-level operator skill is required

• Water pH sensitive for cement-mortar lining

• Control of infiltration is required to prevent procure lining disbondment or collapse • Slightly higher cost when using polymers

12-1426 Trenchless Technologies and Work Practices Review for Saskatchewan Municipalities, Communities of Tomorrow, SK