Estimación de la elasticidad de la demanda

5.2.1 Introduction

The Geographic Information Branch (GIB) of the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) in the Government of Ontario implemented a Geographic Information Archive (GIA) in 2009 to preserve geospatial data accessioned from the Land Information Ontario (LIO) Warehouse. The MNR LIO Warehouse is used to disseminate geospatial data to MNR staff, the Ontario Public Service (OPS) and external clients. It is also the official repository for geospatial data both created and used by MNR as reference material to track the change of natural resources over time, and to support decision-making, information gathering, program activities, legislation and policy, and scientific research. The objectives of the GIA are to: preserve vital geospatial data records to comply with legislative and policy requirements; support MNR’s Information Management Strategy; preserve data of scientific and historical value for long term analysis; and better defend long-term decision-making around the protection of valuable resources.

The GIB conducted an environmental scan to research archiving policies and practices in other jurisdictions, leverage current research and identified successes, and better define MNR’s preservation challenges. MNR staff identified the Ministry’s need for the long-term preservation of retired geospatial data from the LIO warehouse, some of which needed to be kept in perpetuity to meet business requirements.

5.2.2 Operational Model in Use

The GIA is a customized, near-line storage solution with data are stored on a series of hard drives. Two back-up copies are created and the three copies are all stored in different locations. There are two classes of records in the GIA – snapshots of the LIO Warehouse taken yearly and retired records, each with different preservation approaches. Snapshots of all data with their metadata, Standard NRVIS Interface Format (SNIF) packages (used to disseminate data sets to users ordering data from the LIO Warehouse) and technical reports stored in the LIO Warehouse have been taken yearly since 2009 and loaded into the GIA. SNIF packages contain header information, which provides metadata about the package content including the data source, the file with the spatial data projection information, the spatial geometry of the data, and some non- spatial (attribute) data elements of the data set which are associated with the spatial objects in the SNIF package. This data is extracted from many different database tables and is provided as custom text files in the SNIF package.

In accordance with Records Schedule MNR-4401-01, an annual snapshot is taken of all geospatial data stored or disseminated through the LIO Warehouse along with associated documentation such as metadata, data management models and technical bulletins (see example in Figure 4). The retention strategy adopted is to keep annual snapshots for 10 years, after which only every 5th year will be preserved for 200 years. After 200 years, the records are transferred to the Archives of Ontario.

Figure 4: Screen Capture of the Description of a LIO Warehouse Preserved Snapshot

5.2.3 Good Practices

In collaboration with the GIB the MNR Information Access Section prepared a Guideline for

Retiring and Retaining Geospatial Data Stored in the Land Information Ontario Warehouse

(OMNR, 2010). The purpose of this guideline is to ensure that all geospatial data moved from the LIO Warehouse to the GIA support the MNR’s mandate. Also, the plan provides guidance on how to retire a record class from the warehouse.

The Retiring and Retaining Guidelines are quite comprehensive, clearly articulate roles and responsibilities, and provide a list of issues to consider for each class of record. In this preservation system the roles include Information Owners, the Information Access Section, the Land Resources Cluster and users. For example, only an Information Owner has the right to retire records from the LIO Warehouse, and data cannot be removed without completing a retirement process and obtaining the agreement of the Manager of Information Access Section. When removing a record, the Information Owner needs to take into account appropriate communications, what impacts there might be on data users, and whether the data product is official and must be preserved or transitory and can be deleted. A series of appraisal questions are provided to help determine the business value of the record (see text box).

In addition, Metadata Resources and Training tools are provided with education modules, descriptions of adopted standards (e.g., ISO 19115) and implementation guides (OMNR, 2011).

GOOD PRACTICE

The OMNR Retiring and Retaining Guidelines employ the following questions to help users determine the type of record:

 Is the geospatial data record to be retired official?

 Do the data involve or reflect any legal right of the Government?

 Will the data be needed to defend the Government against charges of data fraud or misrepresentation?  Could the data be useful to other geospatial data users or the broader geospatial data community?  Will other users require access to the data?

 Have the geospatial data been made available to other users through data sharing agreements or a

clearinghouse?

 Can secondary users understand or interpret the data without technical expertise from the producer?  Are the data difficult or expensive to replicate?

 Are there significant costs or consequences to the program if the data are lost?

 Can the data be usefully integrated with newer data resulting from improved methods of data collection?  Does the estimated research value of the data exceed the costs to maintain them for secondary use by

researchers?

 Will the data be useful for analyzing geographic distributions over time?  Do the data support the study of geophysical changes over time?