CAPÍTULO 4. IMPLEMENTACIÓN
4.5. Estrategias de codificación. Estándares y estilos a utilizar
start-ing near the ground, growstart-ing less than10 meters tall, and with no clear trunk; also, an uncultivated, wild area of land.
bushy. breñoso. Having many close twigs and branches; also, resem-bling a bush.
butterfly flower. flor de mariposa. A flower that is pollinated by but-terflies.
buttress. contrafuerte. A structure that provides support, such as flared trunks on certain trees.
buttress root. raíz zanco. raíz fúlcrea.
Flattened, specialized aerial roots that arise from the trunk of cer-tain mature tropical trees, as Ficus, Tarrietia, Sloanea spp. providing support; stilt root; prop root.
butyric acid. ácido butirico. An acid produced during the anaerobic respiration of carbohydrates that smells of rancid butter.
butrous. butíro. Like butter.
byssaceous. bisáceo. Having fine, silky threads, or filaments; cotton-like.
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C. C. See carbon.
Ca. Ca. See calcium.
caduciflorous. caducifloro. The ten-dency of leaves to shed or fall early.
caducifolious. caducifolio. Decidu-ous leaves.
caducous. caduco. caedizo. Leaves, spores, or petals falling early.
caecum. caeco. An extension of the embryo sac into the endosperm.
caeoma. caeoma. An aecidium with no peridium; sometimes with para-physes or represented by a sterile ring of hyphae.
caepitose. caepitoso. Matted or tufted, as hummock-forming grasses (Poaceae).
caeruleus. caeruleus. Latin for pale blue in color.
caesious. caesio. Having a bluish-grey, waxy bloom.
caesius. caesius. Latin for a laven-der-blue color.
caespitose. cespitoso. Growing in dense clumps or tufts.
caffeine. cafeina. A purine in coffee beans, tea leaves, and cacao beans.
An oxidation product of the me-thyl derivative of purine.
caffeic acid. ácido cafeico. A vegetable acid found in coffee tannin.
calamiferous. calamífero. Reedy or having reeds; hollow-stemmed.
calamiform. calamiforme. Reed-like or having the shape of a reed.
calamus. cálamo. The sweet flag or sweet rush A c o r u s c a l a m u s (Araceae), a pungent, aromatic root
that is used medicially; also, a reed or cane.
calathide. calatido. The involucre of a capitulum; also, the capitulum itself.
calathidium. calatidio. The flower head of a composite plant.
calathiform. calatiforme. Concave;
cup-shaped.
calcar. calcar. A basal spur or spur-like projection from a petal or se-pal.
calcarate. calcariforme. Having a cal-car, spur, or spur-like appendage.
calcareous. calcáreo. calizo. Refers to substances containing calcium carbonate.
calcariform. calcariforme. Having a spur or a spur-like appendage.
calceiform. calceiforme. Having the shape of a shoe or slipper.
calceolate. calceiforme. Having the shape of a shoe or slipper, as the labellum of many orchids (Orchid-aceae); calceiform
calcicole. calcícola. A plant that grows on calcareous soil, chalky limestone soil, or soil containing free calcium carbonate.
calcicolous. calcícolo. Refers to plants that prefer to grow in or can only grow in a calcium–rich soil.
calcification. calcificación. The ac-cumulation of calcium in soils, es-pecially soils of cool temperate regions where leaching occurs slowly; also, the accumulation of calcium cabonate on or in a cell
C
calcification C
59 wall.
calciform. calcíforme. Chalk-like.
calcifuge. calcífuga. A plant that avoids chalky limestone or calcar-eous soil.
calcifugous. calcífugo. Avoiding calcereous soils, as said of some lichens.
calciphilous. calcífilo. Chalk-loving.
calciphobe. planta calcífuga. See calcifuge.
calcium carbonate. calcio carbonato.
cácico carbonato. A compound of calcium occurring naturally in mar-ble, limestone, shells, and to some extent, in plants.
caline. calino. A growth promoting sub-stance. Rhizocalines promote root growth and caulocalines promote stem growth.
calli-. calli-. A Greek prefix that means,
“beautiful”.
callose. calosa. Hard or thick, some-times rough; also, an insoluble carbohydrate in cupraammonia (soluble in 1% solutions of alka-lies) deposited seasonally or per-manently on sieve plates, causing them to stop functioning; also found in calcified walls and in the cells of some algae.
callosity. callosidad. A hardened or thickened area.
callus. callo. Hardened tissue that de-velops over the wound on a stem;
also, in some grasses (Poaceae), the thick basal extension of the lemma at the point of its attach-ment to the rachilla; also, a mass of material formed on a cell wall around the germ tube of a para-sitic fungus.
callus (orchids). callo (orquídea). A prominence, varied in number, form and arrangement, on the labellum
of certain orchid flowers, as Cyrtosylis, Caladenia, Chiloglottis, Glossodia, and others.
calorie. caloria. A unit of heat; one calorie is the mount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree centigrade.
calvescent. calvescente. Naked or bald or becoming so.
calyc-. calic-. A Greek prefix that means, “a cup”.
calycanthemy. calicantemia. A par-tial or complete change of sepals into petals.
calycate. calicado. Having a calyx.
calycifloral. calicifloral. See calyci-florate.
calyciflorate. caliciflorado. With the calyx bearing the petals and sta-mens.
calyciform. caliciforme. Calyx or cup-shaped.
calycine. calicino. calicinar. Re-sembling a calyx or calyx-like bracts.
calycle. calículo. A small cup-shaped structure like an outer calyx; set of leaflets or bracts looking like a calyx; an epicalyx; also, with slime molds (Myxomycetes), a calyx-like appendage below the sporangium.
calycoid. calicoide. Like a calyx.
calyculate. caliculado. Having bracts around the calyx or around the involucre; cup or calyx-shaped bracts.
calyculus. calículo. Same as calycle.
calyptra. caliptra. A hood or cap-like structure on some flowers or fruit;
may be used to describe the cap covering the spore case of some mosses (Musci) and liverworts (Hepaticae); also, the root cap on the tip of roots.
calyptrate. caliptrado. Capped.
calyptrate calciform
60 calyptrogen. caliptrógeno. The
meris-tem of the central region of the root cap. Also see calyptra.
calyx (pl. calyces). cáliz. The outer covering (perianth) of a flower, made of leaf whorls or sepals and usually less delicate than the co-rolla; collective term for all the se-pals of a flower; flower cup.
calyx lobe. lobo cáliz. One of the free portions of a calyx of united se-pals.
calyx tube. tubo cáliz. The portion of a calyx where the sepals are united.
cambial meristem. meristemo cambial.
Tissues inside the stem that divide and allow the plant to increase in girth.
cambiform cell. célula cambiforme.
An elongated, pointed parenchy-matous cell found in the phloem.
cambium (pl. cambia). cámbio. zona generatriz. In vascular plants, one of two types of embryonic tissue that produces secondary growth;
vascular cambium, a layer of di-viding cells in the stems and roots that lies between the phloem and xylem by which a stem increases in girth; and cork cambium (phello-gen) that gives rise to periderm which displaces epidermis as a pro-tective secondary tissue system.
cambium initial. inicial cámbial. One of the permanently meristematic cells of a cambium.
camelinus. camelinus. A Latin word that means, “tawny”.
camnium. camnio. A succession of plants caused by cultivation.
campaniform. campaniforme. Hav-ing the shape of a bell.
campanulate. campanulado. Bell-shaped, especially applied to a co-rolla.
campestris. campestris. A Latin term that means, “growing in fields”.
camptodromous. camptódroma. A system of leaf venation in which the veinlets join after curving near the leaf margin.
campylodromous. campilódroma.
Having a vein-curvature which ends at the apex of the leaf.
campylotropous. campilótropo. Cur-ved oveules in which the nucleus is folded over on itself.
canal. canal. A tube or duct that carries liquid or nutrients from one part of the plant to another; also, a duct containing oils or resins.
canal cell. célula canal. The initial cell which later divides to fill the central canal of the neck of the archegonia of Bryophyta a n d Pteridophyta. These cells disin-tegrate when the archegonium is ripe.
canaliculate. acanalado. Longitudi-nal channels or grooves.
canaliculation. acanaliculación. Any minutely channelled or grooved structure.
canalization. canalización. encauzam-iento. A process involving the development of cells along particu-lar pathways, despite disturbing environmental or genetic forces, until the cells mature and are dif-ferentiated into adult forms.
canalizing selection. selección canaliz-ante. The elimination of genotypes that render developing individu-als sensitive to environmental fluc-tuations, thereby providing standard phenotypes over the range of the environment common to that spe-cies.
cancellate. cancelado. fenestrado.
Having a regular, net-like or spongy
calyptrogen cancellate
61 structure.
candidus. candidus. A Latin term that means, “pure white”.
cane. caña. A slender, jointed stem, woody but flexible, as with bam-boo (Bambusaceae), sugar cane (Saccharum) , or some palms (Palmae).
canescent. canescente. Gray or white in color because of a covering of fine hair; incanous.
canker. cancro. A general term for a disease occurring in woody plants in which bark fails to form, prob-ably from a fungal or bacterial in-fection.
canopy. dosel. A high covering or shading, such as the top layer of a forest, where the branches spread out and the foliage sharply limits the amount of light reaching the ground; often subdivided into emergent, middle, and lower zones.
canus. canus. A Latin word that means,
“grey-white”.
cap. caperuza. sombrerete. The top portion of a mushroom; also, the leather-like structure where hymen-ium-bearing tissues occur in a fun-gal fruit body; pileus.
cap cell. célula caperuza. The cell at the apex of the fern antheridium.
It is shed when the antherozoids are liberated.
capiliform. capiliforme. Shaped like hair.
capillaceous. capilar. Having long, hair-like filaments; resembling hair.
capillary. capilar. Hair-like.
capillary water. agua de capilaridad.
agua de capilar. The part of soil moisture retained as film on, and within the pores of soil particles in a continuous inter-particle sys-tem, the source of most water
absorbed by a root; held in the soil against the force of gravity.
capilliform. capiliforme. Like a hair.
capillitium. capilicio. A tangle of hair-like filaments inside the spore cases of some slime molds and fungi.
capitalist. capitalista. A plant with stored food reserves.
capitate. capitado. Flowers growing in a dense, head-like cluster.
capitellate. capitelado. Flowers grow-ing in small, head-like clusters.
capitellum. capitelo. A small head.
capitular. capitular. Having a capitu-lum or head.
capituliform. capituliforme. Having the shape of a dense cluster of flow-ers attached to a single stem.
capitulum. capítulo. A dense, head-like cluster of flowers attached to a single stem, as in red clover (Tri-folium); also, a globose apical li-chen apothecium.
capreolate. capreolado. Having ten-drils.
capreolus. capreolo. A tendril.
caprification. caprificación. The form-ation of an inflorescence of a number of flowers on a common receptacle which grows upwards to enclose the flowers except for a small pore at the apex.
capsid. cápsida. A protein coat on virus.
capsomere. capsómero. One of the the identical units making up a capsid.
capsular. capsular. Capsule-like.
capsulate. cápsulado. Enclosed in a capsule or pod, as a capsulate pod.
capsule. cápsula. A dry, dehiscent fruit with two or more seeds; also, the spore-bearing structure of a moss (Musci) or liverwort (Hepaticae); the gelatinous outer capsule candidus
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