Estructura del plan de emergencia

It was clear from the interview data that for these MASS organisations, some barriers existed to responding to climate change more effectively. These barriers include lack of funds to implement climate initiatives, problems with stakeholders, poor understanding of climate change, and inadequate stadium design. However, the key barrier to responding to climate change more effectively was a resource issue, especially the lack of financial resources. The lack of financial resources for responding to climate change was especially critical given the overriding priorities of MASS organisations of staging good quality events at their stadia, and for either generating financial surpluses from their operations, or at the very least, to break even. The importance of generating financial surpluses was especially acute in the case of those Category 3 organisations that were privately-owned and for-profit. Overwhelmingly, lack of financial resources was reported as the biggest barrier to responding effectively to climate change. Nine out of twelve (seventy-five per cent) of MASS cases cited lack of money as the biggest obstacle to doing what they would like to do. A summary of all barriers is presented in Table 19 below.

Table 19: Barriers to responding effectively to climate change BARRIERS TO RESPONDING

EFFECTIVELY TO CLIMATE CHANGE

BARRIERS TO RESPONDING EFFECTIVELY TO CLIMATE

CHANGE MASS MANAGERS REPORTING THIS (N = 16) Category 1 - Publically-owned, not-for-profit Category 2 - Privately-owned, not-for-profit Category 3 - Privately-owned, for-profit Lack of money (n = 9) A, D, I, J B, K C, F, L

A1, A2, A3, B1, C1, D1, D2, F1, H2, I1, J1, K1, L1

Stakeholders (n = 1) A A1

Poor understanding of climate change by board directors or stakeholders (n = 3)

E, I H E1, H1, I1

Lack of a long-term view (n = 1) E E1 Lack of appropriate governance

structure (n = 1) G G1

Inadequate stadium design that does not take climate change not into account (n = 2)

B H B1, H1

Lack of information and

technology (n = 1) L L1

TOTALS 5 4 3 16

For example, when asked “what makes it difficult or challenging to respond to climate change?”, Manager A1 reported that lack of money and stakeholders were barriers:

[A1]: Just funding generally. [Interviewer]: Funding? Yeah okay.

[A1]: And stakeholders, in whatever form stakeholders might be like to see the most effective and efficient use of money to deliver core outcomes for an organisation. And it’s always a challenge to have funding that

might be perceived to not to deliver direct outcomes to our

constituents, to the public. That’s not to say that we don’t get support because we certainly do but in terms of it being potential barrier. There’s only so much money to go around (A1, p. 10).

Similarly, Case B cited a lack of funds as the biggest barrier to his desired response: I’d say money. You might say it doesn’t necessarily take money but I think money is always – the capacity, the resources that are to actually do things. For example, one of the things that I would like to do, and I might have mentioned this to you, is the – one of the things with stadiums is they’ve got extensive roofs so they’re a great space for solar panels. So, for example, if we look across there where you’ve got what we call

the...49stand, that’s facing north, it’s on an angle, it’s probably about 18 degrees so it needs to be a bit more, that’s perfectly placed for solar panels (B1, p. 12).

Case C had a similar story:

As I say the nature of the business is we try and hold as many events as we can pretty much and maximise the number of people we get to each event as well so it’s obviously cost related. I guess cost is the main factor I mean if I had unlimited budget then I could get the generators running power back into the grid now and I could maybe get a couple of generators on site and do some more and get solar power all over the, all over solar panels all over the roof, etc. So cost would be a barrier to really making major changes but we’re always, like I said previously, we’re always investigating opportunities and are willing to spend money...(C1, pp. 15-16).

Case J cited the financial barrier very bluntly:

Funding. Money. Accountants rule the world. If the payback period is not in an economical timeframe, it won’t happen. Unless there is money left in a budget somewhere so, “okay, well yes, we can spend it” (J1, p. 14).

A lack of financial resources was therefore the key barrier to responding effectively to climate change.

However, lack of money was not the only barrier. Case E also reported that a poor understanding of climate change at board of director level can contribute to organisational inertia for responding to climate change:

I think the perception. I still think it’s got some proving to do whether it’s real or not, and I think that always comes up as a barrier. And we actually think...I mean because our board changes over every four years we get new members on. Every time we get a new member on it will be about, “I think that what you’re doing is a good idea”, or, “I think what you’re doing is not a good idea and you’re wasting money.” That discussion will happen again (E1, p. 22).

In contrast, Case L reported that lack of reliable and accurate information, and the absence of information technology:

I think what helps us is information about various activities, or activations that could be put in to place that might contribute or help. I think having the right tools, and the right equipment, whether it’s software, or hardware, to be able to manage things, to have people who have got a focus on those things, to continually monitor and manage (L1, p. 9).

49_{Name of this stadium grandstand deleted to preserve the anonymity of this case.}

Whilst a lack of financial resources was overwhelmingly considered to be the key barrier to doing better in relation to climate change, only Case L alluded to a lack of organisational capability in the form of staff skills and experience, as a barrier. Despite some of the complexities posed by climate change such as identifying, measuring, and mitigating GHG emission for which they were directly or indirectly responsible, this suggests that these organisations mostly feel they have the capabilities to manage such issues.