CAPÍTULO 3: EVALUACIÓN DEL DISEÑO ARQUITECTÓNICO PROPUESTO
3.4. Evaluando la arquitectura de la Plataforma Mapeo Cerebral
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1. Schedule network analysis
• In this technique analyses of the network diagram is carried out to get information for developing the schedule.
• It helps in determining the start and finish dates of the activities.
Following methods are used in analyses:
– Critical path method – Critical chain method – What-if analysis – Resource Optimization
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2. Critical path method
– The objective of this method is find the critical path of the network diagram.
– Critical path is the path in the network diagram that represent the longest path through the project.
– To find the critical path, the start and finish dates of all activities in the network diagram are determined and by calculating the forward and backward pass the critical path can be determined (see example on the next page)
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Using the Critical Path Method for the For the activities listed below carry out a forward and backwards pass to find the Critical Path and Float.
Activity Predecessor Duration
(Elapsed Time)
Start - 0
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3. Critical chain method
• Critical Chain Method is a method in which the team places buffers on the scheduled path to account for limited resources and/or project uncertainties.
• It adds Duration buffers on any schedule path
• Project buffers are placed at the end of the project, and protects target finish date from slippage.
• Feeding buffers are placed where activities not on the Critical Chain feed into critical chain to protect the chain from slippage.
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4. Resource Optimization Techniques
• These are techniques that are used to optimize the resources that are being used in the project.
• In some cases the schedule will be adjusted according to the availability or non-availability of the resources.
• In other cases that schedule will be adjusted to level the resources to avoid peak and troughs
• The main aim is to keep the level of resources as constant as possible.
• The same can be applied to other resources, such as heavy equipment, machinery, etc.
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4. Resource Optimization Techniques
– Resource Smoothing is used to adjust activities to smooth resources.
– It is done in a way that the critical path is not changed.
– The adjustment is done by the float that is available between the activities in the schedule.
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See Figure on PMBOK page 179
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5. Modeling Techniques
• What if scenario analysis is the process of evaluating scenarios in order to predict their effects, positively or negatively on project objectives.
• In this analyses the questions ‘What happens if Scenario X happens’
is analyses.
• Network analyses is carried to compute different scenarios such as delay in delivery of a major component or external factors such as strikes, etc.
• The out come of the analyses can be used to determine the feasibility of the project schedule under the adverse conditions and can be used in preparing a contingency or response plans to overcome or mitigate the impact of unexpected situations.
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5. Modeling Techniques
• Simulations. Simulation is a technique in which multiple project durations are calculated using different sets of activity assumptions, using probability distribution constructed from three point
estimation to account for uncertainty.
• Most common simulation technique used is Monte Carlo analyses in which a distribution of possible activity durations is defined for each activity and used to calculate a distribution of possible outcomes for the total project.
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6. Leads and lags
– Leads and lags are adjusted in the process of develop schedule with the objective of getting the optimized schedule.
7. Schedule compression
– Schedule compression is applied to try and reduce the schedule without changing the project scope and other parameters.
– Two techniques are used in this:
– Crashing. In this technique the schedule is reduced by adding extra resources or adding extended hours to reduce the time for completing the work.
– Fast Tracking. In fast tracking the activities are performed in parallel to reduce the time of completion.
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8. Scheduling tool
– Various scheduling tools are available that can be used for scheduling purposes in the developing schedule.
– E.g. MS Project, Primavera, Excel spreadsheet
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1. Schedule baseline
– The output of this process is the schedule baseline.
• It is the final version of the schedule model that has been approved for implementation.
• It is used for as a basis for tracking the progress of the project
• This version can only be changed after getting approval as per the Integrated Change Control process.
• The schedule baseline becomes part of the project management plan.