a.3 Evidencia de la relevancia del desarrollo financiero para el crecimiento 56

Theories and opinions regarding globalization are overwhelming in number. The totality of the theories attacks the problem horizontally and/or only sequentially so they remain what they

85 see English verb to socialize in Annex 3

have been. Few try to see the phenomenon in its place, as part of the ensemble, as part of the system and to try and decipher the morphology, the physiology and its eventual pathology:

- Nicholas Georgescu Roengen says: “entropy”86 is an index of relative quantity of energy comprised in an enclosed structure87”. Erwin Schrödinger says that “any living structure maintains itself in a degree of quasi-equilibrium, by absorbing low entropy from the environment and transforming it into high entropy”. Waste is produced in such a way.

- Human being is part of a bionic matter, but with a high degree of organization, capable of abstract thinking, thus resulting noesic matter – as Macovschi’s theory states. In order to maintain structure, entropy, ergo the dimension of linked information, being a lightly degradable system, is forced to take on continuous from the outside by degrading low entropy. This process is known as labor. We state that the main principle of this process is the saving of means, popularly known as sloth. That is why man uses tools or force.

- Noesic matter has three commandments: subsistence, perpetuation and culture, characteristics linked, concomitantly and parallel, conditioned one by another. If we regard the “time dimension” in an empirical system, on a temporal axis88 , we can observe that, from a quantitative point of view, perpetuation has an exponential trend, contemporary time being on the upper side of known evolution. Furthermore, “in time”, noesic matter appears as a treelike structure. But individual subsystems (people) do not perceive more than the present, they remember the past and may imagine the future. The evolution of this structure is marked by the war-peace cycle, as a way to solve accumulated tensions.

- Tools were developed by culture in a similar rhythm. From prolongations of human force they become structures with their own organizing laws. Quality, so culture lead to a new structure on its own entropy: economic systems for the transformation of low entropy. N.G. Roengen says: “That is why one must make a clear separation between the process of a production unit (power plant or enterprise) and that of industry. What I want to say is that an industry may extend by the sum of

unrelated production processes, whereas the development of a production unit is the result of an interior morphologic modification”. Today “noesic” and “productive” structures coexist in a symbiotic way; some gained a certain autonomy by imposing their own laws on noesic systems leading all the way to their transformation, ergo resulting almost combined systems (or possible in short periods of time).

- The “force” that acts between noesic elements – called collectivities – is of a contrary sign with entropy. To maintain entropy, organisms, like a unit or like a crowd, transform low entropy in high entropy, in order to maintain “tension”, coherence of biological and noesic structure. Whereas force has a contrary effect. It accumulates energy obtained towards a pole, quantitatively minor, in the detriment of the rest of the structure. This act as a brake, but in the opposite direction, which by “attrition” speeds up processes like in cancerous cell. When this phenomenon manifests itself

86 “we do not share the ideas expressed by the notion of “entropic society” (which expresses a certain degradation, disorganization, a certain lack of balance) in the way given by Hazel Henderson (1977) to the “entropic state” (a society at a level of development in which complexity and interdependence have reached a point in which transaction costs are equal or surpass productive …A system which can not be shaped, can not be ruled) nor the over-appreciation of ecological crisis, a time during which, to obtain lesser and lesser amounts of energy we spend more and more amounts of energy (thus ignoring the quality of the new “energy” and its “support”, both as an individual and as a society) Already Prigogine enounced the theme of the minimum entropy production, in contradiction with Carnot’s principle, eliminating the paradox, showing that man must not be considered isolated (a closed system), but that he forms a rather complex system with the surrounding environment, a stationary system, characterized as close to the equilibrium state. . He called this new form of “order” a structural one, this “open system” “dissipative structures” (adaptive structures). The double quality of life (to conserve and perfect structure) is no longer a particularity but a general characteristic of open systems, and we add evolution systems), meaning existent systems, during a time span. N.G.Roengen will apply the theory to human society, to economics and not only” - after V. Roman – Echilibru şi dezechilibru, Editura Ştiinţificăşi Enciclopedică 1978. Furthermore, 30 years have passed since!

87 We understand entropy as a general characteristic of human open systems. See the above note.

88 After N.G.Roengen “ time measurement, as several other physics measurements, is based on a convention which is mostly arbitrary”

on the entire known noesic system (mankind as a whole) we have a situation similar to metastasis, which is not necessarily an irreversible situation.

- If we were to make a transversal section trough the noesic matter, at the time of the section, we will notice that the entire noesic matter is characterized by a lack of balance, given by the way of producing and distributing energy obtained trough the transformation of low entropy matter, based on the relative force of elements (individuals or groups of individuals). The strongest, after the completion of the energy deficit, transform the rest into accumulation, which give them a relative advantage as a consequence or as an action per se. “Given the fact that from a material point of view, the economic process consists of transforming low entropy into high entropy, meaning wastes, and given the fact that this transformation is irrevocable, natural resources must represent at all costs a part of the notion of economic value…the real product of this process is an immaterial flow, the pleasure to live”, says N.G. Roengen.

- Since the dawn of “history” exercising force and accumulation were local, but once typical structures achieved an annihilation of free space between local areas due to the transport system and accumulation, they became global, meaning they affect all subsystems. So, on one hand the process of exercising force (also of an exponential type) became more intense, applied to the entire known noesic matter, being called a globalization process, and on the other hand, at the same time, force – now lead by the maximum profit principle – realizes larger and larger accumulations required by ever-developing levels of productive systems.

- Contemporary times confirm H. Bergsons’s theory. “A being may only avoid the entropic degradation of its own structure. It can not stop the growing of the entropy of the entire system, which comprises of its structure and the environment. On the contrary, as we know today, the entropy of a system increases, in general, at faster paces in the presence of life than in its absence” – the phenomenon of an ecological degradation of the environment, which can be a variant of the final point in the perpetuation of noesic matter.

- Another variant may by the one where the productive entropy transformation system becomes independent, based on another element, rather than carbon and water, like in the case of bionic matter: on silicon for example. In parallel, noesic matter may achieve new speeds/dimensions. The thought, although based on yet unmeasured speeds of chemical processes in the grey matter and senses has a yet unknown speed (unmeasured). From the point of view of the noesic structure, which is situated in the past there may be various higher dimensions, as is the case of archetypal mass means of communication. “Actually only an emphatic interpretation” (in Greek emphatheia = penetration, with the help of imagination, of someone’s conscience) if trends and states of spirit of a contemporary society which may ease the tough task of the researcher studying it, a task that may not be transmitted to any instrument. Only a human mind may find out what other humans feel and what drives them…89” or may derive to see the ensemble from the outside. Another variant is that the symbiosis of the two systems identifies the enisic matter and at that moment, anything is possible…

In conclusion, globalization is a consequence, a stage (perhaps of short lasting) of the noesic matter (mankind) in which the two symbiotic systems (man and the productive system) have surpassed time and space conditioning. As there are no fundamental changes, human nature remains the same, but on the development level of contemporary times.

4. International tourism: an expression and argument of globalization. Predictable trends