La excepción de fraude en las cartas de crédito

Constitution or by prevailing international documents, the State recognises and guarantees the following to the people:

1. Inviobility of life. There is no death penalty.

2. Personal integrity. Cruel penalties, torture, all inhuman or degrading

procedures which imply physical, psychological or sexual violence or moral coercion as well as the application and use of unauthorised human genetic material are prohibited. The State will adopt necessary measures and methods to prevent, eliminate and sanction violence against children, adolescents, women and elderly people. The actions and penalties for

genocide, torture, kidnap, forced disappearance of persons and homicide for political or conscience reasons are unprescribed. These crimes are not susceptible to exemption or amnesty. In these cases, the obedience to superior orders does not exempt responsibility.

3. Equality before the Law. All people are considered as equal and possess the same rights, liberties and opportunities. This is without discrimination of nationality, age, sex, ethnic origin, colour, social origin, language, religion, political opinions, economic position, sexual orientation, health condition, disability, or differenced of any other nature.

4. Freedom. All people are born free. Slavery, servitude and trafficking of any human beings are all prohibited in all forms. No person may be imprisoned for debts, expenses, taxes, fines nor other obligations (with the exception of increased grants schemes). No person may be obliged to do anything prohibited or to stop doing something unprohibited by the Law.

5. Right to freely develop individual personalities without limitations other than those of judicially ordained taxes and remaining rights.

6. Right to live in a sanitary environment with ecological equilibrium and free from contamination. The Law establishes restrictions on the exercising of certain rights and freedoms in order to protect the environment.

7. Right to the availability of public and private goods and services of optimal quality. These should be chosen at liberty having received accurate and true information about their contents and characteristics.

8. Right to honour, good reputation and personal and family privacy. The Law protects names, images and voices of the people.

9. Right to freedom of opinion and expression of thought in all forms by any means and methods of communication without harming or acting against responsibilities laid out in the Law. Any person affected by unproven or inaccurate claims or whose honour is harmed by inaccurate or untrue information or publications in the press or through any other social

communicational media has the right to have these corrected by obligatory, immediate and free means in the same space or time as the slanders to be rectified were broadcast or published.

10. Right to communicate and to set up social communication medias and to access on equal conditions to television and radio frequencies.

11. Freedom of conscience and freedom of religion expressed privately or publicly in a collective or individual form. Individuals may freely practise and teach worship with unique limitations that the law prescribes to protect and respect diversity, pluralism, security and rights of others.

12. Domestic Inviobility. No person may enter nor carry out inspections or registrations of a home without the authorisation of the homeowner or of a judicial order (cases and methods of which are established in the Law). 13. Inviobility and privacy of correspondence. Correspondence may only be

retained, opened and examined in cases foreseen by the Law. Subjects and matters foreign to the reason for examination will remain confidential. The same principal is applied to any other form of communication.

14. The right to travel freely across national territory and to chose place of residence. Ecuadorians are free to leave and enter Ecuador at liberty. In the case of foreigners, they are at the disposition of the Law. The prohibition to leave to the country may only be ordained by a competent judge and

according to the Law.

15. Right to submit complaints and partitions to the authorities but in no case under the name of the common people and to receive the appropriate attentions or replies in adequate time.

16. Freedom of enterprise subject to the Law.

17. Freedom to work. No person can be obligated to carry out forced or unpaid work.

18. Freedom of contract subject to the Law.

19. Freedom of association. meeting and gathering with peaceful aims. 20. Right to a quality of life that includes health, food and nutrition, drinkable

water, sanitary surroundings, education, work, employment, recreation, housing, clothing and other necessary social services.

21. Right to hold political and religious beliefs and convictions in secret and reserved. No person may be obligated to declare his or her own beliefs. In no circumstance may information about third party political or religious beliefs be used. Nor should data referring to health or sex life be used apart from to comply with medical requirements.

22. Right to participate in cultural community life. 23. Right to ownership according to terms of the Law.

24. Right to freely take responsibilities and decisions relating to sexual life and activities.

25. Legal security.

TITLE III

RIGHTS, GUARANTEES AND DUTIES CHAPTER 5

COLLECTIVE RIGHTS