EXCITACIÓN – CONDUCCION – CONTRACCION

This is not an advisable way to defend against a minority attack. As proven in most cases, a passive defence usually leads to defeat but of course from time to time it is possible to drag out half-points. This has nothing to do with modern chess thinking and generally it should be avoided. The following two examples can guide us:

□ Byrne Robert ■ Eliskases Erich D36 Helsinki 1952

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.cxd5 exd5 5.Lg5 Le7 6.e3 c6 7.Qc2 Nbd7 8.Ld3

Nh5 9.Lxe7 Qxe7 10.Nge2 Nb6 11.0–0

g6 (D)

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12.Na4!

Black's knight on b6 was making a minority attack (b4-b5) difficult because of its potential to occupy the c4-square. So White exchanges it off.

12...Nxa4 13.Qxa4 0–0 14.b4

Starting the minority attack. Black's next move holds it up for a while, but in the long run it's very difficult for him to stop b4-b5.

14...a6 15.Qb3

15.b5? cxb5 16.Lxb5 Lf5! .

15...Le6 16.a4 Rfc8 17.Qb2 Ng7 18.b5

And now the minority attack breaks through. Whatever Black does he will end up with some pawn weaknesses; for example, capturing on b5 with his c-pawn leaves the d5-pawn weak. In the game he opts for contracting a weak c6-pawn.

18...axb5 19.axb5 Lf5

Black should have tried 19...c5 when 20.dxc5 Qxc5 leaves a great square for White's knight on d4, but this should not be the end of the world.

20.Nf4 Lxd3 21.Nxd3 Nf5 22.Rxa8 Rxa8 23.bxc6 bxc6 (D)

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White has succeeded in ideally performing a typical minority attack. Black remained with a backward weak c-pawn and no real counterplay but of course he can defend it. His main problem is that he will remain under pressure and on the defence for a long time, thus possibilities of blundering are increased. Also, it must be noted that White can combine initiative on every part of the board, using the 'two weaknesses rule' to the

maximum effect.

24.Rc1 Nh4!? 25.Qe2!

25.Rxc6?! Nxg2 26.Kxg2 Qe4+ 27.Kg3 Qxd3 gives Black counterplay.

25...Ra3 26.g3

Here 26.Rxc6?! is answered by 26...Qe4 (26...Nxg2 27.Kxg2 Qe4+ 28.Qf3 Rxd3 =) 27.Ne1 Ra1 28.f3 Nxf3+! 29.gxf3 Qh4 30.Kf1 Qh3+ 31.Kg1 Qh4 =.

26...Qe4 27.Ne1 Nf5 28.Qc2!

The exchange of queens kills Black's counterplay. Torture time!

28...Qxc2 29.Rxc2 Ne7 30.Kf1 f6

30...h5! would have been a good idea so that White's g4-advance would not leave Black with a weak h-pawn.

31.Ke2 Kf7

31...h5! was still the right idea.

32.Nd3 Ke6 33.Rb2 Ra7 (D)

33...h5! is still correct, and this was the last chance.

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34.g4!

Fixing Black's h-pawn as a target.

34...g5 35.Rb8 Kf7 36.Rh8 Kg7

36...Kg6 37.h3 Rc7 38.Kd2 Rc8 39.Rxc8 Nxc8 40.Kc3 would see White's king heading for c5 with pressure going into the knight endgame.

37.Rd8 Rc7 37...Kg6 38.Rd6 prevents an eventual ...h5. 38.Nc5 Kf7 39.Kf3 Ng6 40.Kg3 Ra7 41.Rd6 Rc7 41...Ne7?! 42.Nd7 Ng8 43.Nb8 wins material.

32

42.Na6 Rc8 43.Rd7+ Ne7 44.Nc5 Ra8 45.Rd6 Ra1

Seeing that White is ready to play h4 and maybe f3 and e4, Black decides that passive defence is doomed to failure.

46.Nd7 f5 47.Ne5+ Kg7 48.h3! fxg4 49.hxg4 Rc1

Or 49...Ra6 50.Re6 Kf8 51.Nf3 .

50.Re6 Ng6

50...Kf8 51.Nf3 again wins the g-pawn.

51.Rxc6 Rxc6 52.Nxc6

White is now a pawn up with the d5-pawn being very weak as well. He does a neat job of winning the endgame.

52...Kf6 53.f3 Ke6 54.Nb4 Kd6 55.Kf2

Nf8 56.e4 dxe4 57.fxe4 Ne6 58.e5+ Kd7

59.Ke3 Nf4 60.Nd3 Nd5+ 61.Ke4 Kc6 62.Nf2 Nf4 63.Nd1 h5 64.gxh5 Nxh5 65.Ne3 Nf4 66.Ng4 Ne2 67.Nf6 Ng3+ 68.Kf3 Nf5 69.d5+ Kc5 70.Kg4 Nh6+ 71.Kxg5 Nf7+ 72.Kf4 Kd4 73.e6 Nd6 74.e7 1-0 □ Reshevsky Samuel ■ Myagmarsuren Lhamsuren D36 Sousse 1967 1.d4 e6 2.c4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.cxd5 exd5 5.Lg5 Le7 6.e3 0–0 7.Ld3 c6 8.Qc2 Nbd7 9.Nf3 Re8 10.0–0 Nf8 (D)

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11.Lxf6

With this and his next move, White gets his minority attack going straight away. Another way to play for b4 is 11.Rab1.

11...Lxf6 12.b4 Lg4 13.Nd2 Rc8

A more flexible continuation was seen in the game Timman,J-Kasparov,G London 1984: 13...Le7! 14.Rab1 Ld6 15.Lf5 Lh5! 16.Rfc1 g6 17.Ld3 Qg5 18.Ne2 Nd7 19.h3 a6 20.a4 Rac8 21.Nf1 Lxe2 22.Lxe2 Qe7 23.Qb3 Nf6 ½-½.

14.Lf5!

Disarming Black of his bishop pair cannot be a bad choice!

14...Lxf5 15.Qxf5 g6

In some ways Black would prefer not to do this, because one day he might like to get a rook to g6 or h6. The other usual continuation is 15...Qd7 16.Qxd7 Nxd7 17.a4 Le7 18.Rfb1 ² as was seen in Korchnoi,V-Karpov,A Baguio City 1978. White keeps a small but pleasant plus, as he is the only one with a dangerous plan in mind; the minority attack! Finally, Black's other option must be noted: 15...Le7 16.Rab1 a6 17.Rfc1 Ld6 18.a4 g6 19.Qd3 f5 20.g3 ² ½-½ Zilberman,N- Bagirov,V Frunze 1983.

16.Qd3 Qd6 17.Rfb1 Lg7 18.a4 Nd7 19.Ra2!

White can't play 19.b5? straightaway because of 19...c5! 20.dxc5? Nxc5 .

19...Re6 20.Rc2 Rce8 21.Nb3 Nf6

Perhaps Black would have had better chances of counterplay had he played 21...f5!? trying to lever open the e-file. This too is a minority attack, trying to extend control of the half open e-file with a pawn lever. White should answer it with 22.g3.

22.h3 b6?!

After 22...a6 23.b5 axb5 24.axb5 Ra8 25.Nc5 Re7 26.bxc6 bxc6 27.Rcb2 Black would suffer and be tortured for a long, long time. Maybe computers would be able to keep the draw but a human being is unable to! Nevertheless, this was Black's best defensive set-up.

23.Nc1

23.b5? c5! would again play into Black's hands.

23...Lh6 24.N1e2 Nh5?!

Allowing the undesirable breakthrough. Something like 24...Lg5 would leave White with the task of making the b5-advance effective.

25.b5!

This was a long time in coming, but it's very strong. White is breaking through on the c- file and the d5-pawn becomes very weak.

25...Qd7

The sidelined h5-knight does not allow Black to continue with the desirable (but unplayable now) 25...c5? 26.dxc5 bxc5 27.Nxd5 .

26.bxc6 Rxc6 27.Qb5 Rec8?

A blunder. 27...Qe6  was Black's only chance.

28.Rbc1?

Which White did not notice! 28.Nxd5 would win on the spot.

28...R8c7? (D)

And here 28...Qe6 would have been better, unpinning the rook and introducing the possibility of a sacrifice on e3. White then could continue with 29.a5 Nf6 30.axb6 axb6 31.Qb3  with play against two weak black pawns.

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29.g4! a6

Both 29...Nf6 and 29...Ng7 are answered by 30.Nxd5!.

30.Qxa6 Nf6 31.Nxd5! Nxg4

If 31...Nxd5, there follows 32.Rxc6 Rxc6 33.Qa8+  and 31...Qxd5 is met by 32.Rxc6 Rxc6 33.Qa8+  too.

32.Rxc6 Qxd5 33.Qa8+

Black resigned due to 33...Kg7 34.Rxg6+.

1-0

2b) Other side’s initiative:

In this case the defending side (Black) is

trying to seek the initiative in the other sectors of the board (centre and kingside). On the other hand, he must also take care over his defensive task. If he can successfully accomplish both these tasks, then he will be able to assume the initiative, thus rendering White's plan unsuccessful.

□ Flohr Salo

■ Ragozin Viacheslav D36 Leningrad 1939

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Lg5 Nbd7 5.e3 c6 6.cxd5 exd5 7.Ld3 Le7 8.Qc2 0– 0 9.Nf3 Re8 10.0–0 Nf8 11.Ne5 Ng4 12.Lxe7 Qxe7 13.Nxg4 Lxg4 14.Ne2

Rad8 15.Ng3 g6 16.Rfe1 Lc8 17.Rac1 Ne6 18.Nf1 Rd6 19.Nd2 Ng7 20.Qa4 a6 21.Qa3 Qd8 (D)

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22.b4

After some manoeuvres, White opts for the usual plan...

22...g5?!

Black decides to get active on the kingside but he could also play 22...Lf5 23.Lxf5 (23.Le2!?) 23...Nxf5 24.Qd3 Rde6 25.a4 Nd6 with a great game.

23.Qc3 f5 24.a4 Rh6 25.b5 axb5 26.axb5

Qf6 27.bxc6 bxc6

White has concluded his plan and he has the advantage. Black is still looking for his chances.

28.Ra1 Rf8 29.Ra8 f4 30.exf4?

A bad mistake. After 30.e4! f3 31.g3! White would be on top.

34 Black is even trying to win! He should opt

for the natural 32...Qxd2 33.Nxd2 Lf5 34.Rxf8+ Kxf8 =. 33.Ng5 Lf5 Or 33...Rg6 34.Lxg6 Qxg6 35.h4 h6 36.Re5 . 34.Rxf8+ Kxf8 (D)

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35.Lxf5?!

It was time for White to benefit from Black's decisions (22...g5, 32...Qf6), which created weaknesses around his king, with 35.Qf4! Kg8 (35...Lxd3?! 36.Qb8+) 36.Lxf5 Nxf5 37.Re8+ Kg7 38.Qc7+ Kg6 39.Rg8+ Kh5 40.Nxh7 .

35...Qxf5 36.f3

Also good was 36.Nf7! Re6 37.Ne5 Kg8 38.Qa5 .

36...Rg6

Or 36...gxf3 37.Nxf3 Rf6 38.Ne5 .

37.Re5?!

Again White misses his chance: 37.Qb4+! Kg8 38.Re5 Qf8 39.Qxf8+ Kxf8 40.Nxh7+ Kg8 41.Ng5 . 37...Qb1+ 38.Kf2 Rf6! 39.Re1 Qf5 40.Re5 40.Ra1 Kg8 41.Ra8+ Rf8 42.Rxf8+ Qxf8 =. 40...Qb1 41.Qa5

A last winning attempt.

41...Kg8! 42.Qa8+ Rf8 43.Qxc6 Qb2+

And White cannot avoid the perpetual check: 44.Kg3!? (44.Kf1 Qb1+) 44...Nh5+ 45.Kh4 Nf4 46.Nxh7! Nxg2+ 47.Kh5 Nf4+ 48.Kg5 Kxh7 49.Re7+

Kg8 50.Qh6 Nh3+ 51.Kh5 Nf4+.

½-½

The next game was a painful defeat for the ex-World Champion Anatoly Karpov, one of the strongest positional players and greatest defenders of all time.

□ Karpov Anatoly ■ Beliavsky Alexander D36 Tilburg 1986 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.cxd5 exd5 5.Lg5 Le7 6.e3 c6 7.Ld3 Nbd7 8.Qc2 0–0 9.Nf3 Re8 10.0–0 Nf8 11.h3 Le6 12.Lf4 Ld6 13.Lxd6 Qxd6 14.a3 (D)

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14...Qe7

14...a5!? is interesting: 15.Na4 N6d7 16.Nc5 b6 17.Nxe6 fxe6 18.e4 c5!

÷

.

15.b4 Rac8 16.Rfc1

Black was ready to answer 16.b5? with 16...cxb5! 17.Lxb5 Ne4 μ.

16...N6d7 17.Ne2!

White is in no hurry and before he goes for b5, regroups his pieces.

17...Ng6

17...Qd8?! is too passive: 18.Nf4 (18.Ng3 a5 19.Qd2 ²) 18...Ng6 19.Nxe6 Rxe6 20.Lf5 Rd6 21.b5 .

18.Ng3 Ndf8

18...b6?! can only weaken Black's queenside: 19.Qa4 (19.La6 Rc7 20.Rab1 ²) 19...Nb8 20.Rc3 .

19.Nd2 Nh4 20.Nb3 Qg5

Black starts his usual operations on the opposite side; the kingside.

21.Kh2 Rc7 22.Nc5 Lc8 23.Re1

23.Qd2!? Nf5 24.Nxf5 Lxf5 25.b5 ².

23...g6

Black could also think about 23...f5!? 24.f4 Qf6 25.a4 ². 24.Rac1 h5 (D)

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25.b5?

The wrong moment to carry out this thematic advance. White should insert 25.f4 Qf6 and only now 26.b5 ².

25...Nxg2! 26.Kxg2

26.Rg1?! Nxe3! (26...Nh4 μ) 27.fxe3 Rxe3 μ can only be beneficial for Black.

26...h4 27.bxc6 hxg3!

There was no need to delay the piece re- capture with 27...bxc6?! 28.e4 Ne6 29.exd5 Nf4+ 30.Kh2 Rxe1 31.Rxe1 cxd5

÷

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28.fxg3 Rxe3 29.Rxe3

White regains his pawn after 29.Qf2 Rxe1 30.Rxe1 Rxc6 31.Re5 but Black keeps a firm grip: 31...Qd8 32.Qf3 Ne6 33.Rxd5 Qe7 μ.

29...Qxe3 30.cxb7 Lxb7 31.Qc3?

A blunder in a difficult position. White could not be saved by 31.Qb2?! Ne6! (31...Lc8? 32.Rd1

÷

) 32.Lf1 Nxd4  either, but he should have tried 31.Rb1! Lc8 (31...Qxd4 32.Rxb7 Rxc5 33.Qf2 Qxf2+ 34.Kxf2 μ) 32.Rb4 Ne6 33.Qf2 Qxf2+ 34.Kxf2 Nxc5 35.dxc5 Rxc5 36.Ra4 where he could have saving chances.

31...Rxc5! 32.Qxc5

32.dxc5? d4+.

32...Qxd3

Two pieces for a rook and a weak white king is no match for White...

33.Qc3 Qe2+ 34.Kg1 Ne6 35.Re1

Nxd4! 36.Kh1 Nb5

0-1

Not every time do we have to face a ‘QGD’ opening in the given examples; remember that minority attacks can occur in any opening, for example the ‘Caro-Kann’. The next two examples are quite instructional for our theme:

□ Fischer Robert ■ Petrosian Tigran B13 Belgrade 1970 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4.Ld3 Nc6 5.c3 Nf6 6.Lf4 Lg4 7.Qb3 Na5 8.Qa4+ Ld7 9.Qc2 e6 10.Nf3 Qb6 11.a4 Rc8 12.Nbd2 Nc6 13.Qb1 Nh5 14.Le3 h6 15.Ne5 Nf6 16.h3 Ld6 17.0–0 Kf8 (D)

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18.f4!

White starts operations on the kingside, in this reversed 'QGD' pawn structure.

18...Le8

18...Nxe5? does not win a pawn but loses a piece: 19.fxe5 Lxe5 20.a5 .

19.Lf2! Qc7

19...g6 does not avoid White's 'annoying' advance: 20.f5! gxf5 21.Lxf5 exf5 22.Qxf5 Qd8 23.Lh4 .

20.Lh4 Ng8 21.f5! Nxe5 22.dxe5 Lxe5

Or 22...Lc5+ 23.Kh1 exf5 24.Lxf5 Ra8 25.e6 .

36

23.fxe6 Lf6 24.exf7 Lxf7 25.Nf3! Lxh4

What else? After 25...g5 26.Lf2 Kg7 27.Ld4 White is near to winning.

26.Nxh4 Nf6 27.Ng6+ Lxg6 28.Lxg6 (D)

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28...Ke7!

Probably Black's best, as it is essential to connect his rooks and transfer his king to a more secure place, if there is any left...

29.Qf5 Kd8?!

Good or bad, Black was forced to go for 29...Rhd8 30.Rae1+ Kf8 31.Lh7  and pray.

30.Rae1 Qc5+ 31.Kh1 Rf8

Black is in a difficult situation and without a good move. Other options such as 31...Rc6 32.Lf7 Kc7 (32...Rf8 33.Lxd5 ) 33.Qg6  also fail to impress.

32.Qe5! Rc7

No good replies for Black anymore, as neither 32...Qc7 33.Qxd5+ Nxd5 34.Rxf8+ Kd7 35.Lf5+ Kd6 36.Rxc8 Qf7 37.Re6+  nor 32...a5 33.c4! d4 34.Qg3  holds. Not a surprise, due to the central location of the black king!

33.b4! Qc6 33...Qxc3 34.Qd6+ . 34.c4! dxc4 35.Lf5 Rff7 36.Rd1+ Rfd7 36...Nd7 37.Rfe1! . 37.Lxd7 Rxd7 37...Nxd7 38.Rf8 #. 38.Qb8+ Ke7 38...Qc8 39.Rxd7+ Nxd7 40.Qd6 . 39.Rde1+

And Black resigned as mate follows: 39...Kf7 40.Qe8 #.

1-0

2c) Lightsquared bishops’ exchange:

A simple and effective plan if it can be applied. The concept is simple: after White's b4-b5 advance, which will weaken the c4- square, Black will exchange the lightsquared bishops and then occupy the c4-square with a knight, usually via b6 or d6.

□ Trifunovic Petar ■ Pirc Vasja

D65 Saltsjobaden 1948

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Lg5 Le7 5.e3 0–0 6.Rc1 Nbd7 7.Nf3 c6 8.Qc2

Re8 9.a3 a6 10.cxd5 exd5 11.Ld3 Nf8

12.0–0 (D)

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12...g6

This idea was first introduced in 1930 by Fritz Saemisch. Black's plan is simple: ...Ne6-g7 and ...Lf5, exchanging White’s lightsquared bishop thus weakens the c4- square. But it is true that Black loses valuable time and he gets nearly no activity.

13.Na4

13.Rfe1!? Ne6 14.Lh4 Ng7 15.Qb3 Nfh5 16.Lxe7 Qxe7 17.e4 dxe4 18.Lxe4 ² was seen in Le Roux,J-Legky,N France 2005. Also, 13.b4 Ne6 14.Lxf6 Lxf6 15.a4 Ng7 16.b5 axb5 17.axb5 Lf5 18.Lxf5 Nxf5 19.bxc6 bxc6 20.Na4 ² should be taken into account, as in Kotov,A- Pachman,L Venice 1950.

13...Ne6 14.Lh4 Ng7 15.Nc5 Nd7!

Exchanges help the 'weak' side!

16.Lxe7 Rxe7 17.b4 Nb6

Preparing the occupation of the c4-square, after the lightsquared bishops' exchange. White must hurry.

18.a4! Lf5 19.Nd2 Lxd3 20.Qxd3 Nf5

Draw agreed, as after 21.a5 (21.b5?! cxb5 22.axb5 a5 23.Ra1 Nd6 favours only Black) 21...Nc8 22.Nf3 Ncd6, Black is fine but no more.

½-½

In document FISIOLOGIA Y ANESTESIA (página 27-30)