12 FACTORES Y CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN Y PONDERACIÓN DE PROPUESTAS
12.2 EXPERIENCIA ESPECÍFICA DEL EQUIPO DE TRABAJO
Box 16.1 Definitions of terms relating to drug administration anastomoses: the surgical connection of separate or severed tubular hollow organs to form a continuous channel, as between two parts of the intestine bioavailability: the proportion of drug administered that is available at the site of action
breakthrough pain: intermittent pain experienced despite the patient receiving regular analgesia; may occur for example on movement or during dressing changes. Extra doses of analgesia may be given to alleviate this pain
colloids: solutions containing molecules with large molecular weights that contribute to the oncotic pres- sure at the microvascular endothelium; used mainly for plasma expansion; examples include gelatine solu- tions (Gelofusine, Haemaccel); starches (hexastarch, pentastarch); dextrans (dextran 40 or 70); albumin 5% or 20%
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): a renal replacement therapy (dialysis) method for removing waste such as urea and potassium from the blood, as well as excess fluid, when the kidneys are incapable of this (i.e. in renal failure)
glaucoma: loss of visual field associated with cupping of the optic disc and optic nerve damage; it is often asso- ciated with increased intra-ocular pressure
half-life: the time taken to remove 50% of a drug from the plasma
haematoma: a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues
lumbar puncture: the insertion of a hollow needle beneath the arachnoid membrane of the spinal cord in
the lumbar region to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes or to administer medication therapeutic index: the ratio between the toxic dose and the therapeutic dose of a drug, used as a measure of the relative safety of the drug for a particular treatment. A narrow therapeutic index indicates a small difference between therapeutic and toxic doses
nasal polyps: growths of a soft jelly-like character: they arise from chronic inflammation associated with allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, asthma and aspirin misuse. (Marcovitch, 2005)
otitis externa: inflammation of the meatal skin of the ear (the skin of the ear canal)
otitis media: infection of the middle ear
palliative care: treatment given to improve the quality of life of patients and families who face life-threatening illness, by providing pain and symptom relief and spiritual and psychosocial support from diagnosis to the end of life and bereavement
rhinitis: inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose
subarachnoid space: the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater, two of the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (the third is the dura mater); this space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid vaginal candidiasis: a fungal infection of the vagina, characterised by vulval itchiness and a whitish, creamy discharge from the vagina, caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans; also known as ‘thrush’
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Accreditation training Training to acquire the list of skills that a dispensing technician should be competent to carry out in order to become an accredited technician. As part of the training, student technicians produce a portfolio of evidence to demonstrate their competence.
Accuracy check The final check that a pharmacist (or appropriately qualified techni- cian if a prescription has already been clinically checked by a pharma- cist) makes to ensure the dispensed medicinal product is the same as that requested by the prescriber on a prescription.
Active listening This involves giving the person who is speaking to you your full atten- tion and includes the use of both verbal encouragers (such as ‘yes’, ‘aha’ and ‘mm’) and non-verbal acknowledgements such as nodding, smiling and receptive body language.
Acute trust See NHS acute trust.
Adherence The extent to which a person’s behaviour – taking medication, follow- ing a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes – corresponds with agreed recommendations from a health professional.
Administering The process of giving a medicine to a patient.
Advanced service The middle tier of service provision under the new Pharmacy Contract, which includes services that can be commissioned from community pharmacies by primary care trusts according to the needs of the local population.
Adverse drug reaction An unintended unpleasant reaction to a drug which occurs at doses (ADR) used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease, or for
the modification of physiological function.
ADRs can range in severity from a minor inconvenience (such as a headache) to death.
Adverse-effect profile The range of ADRs that are known to occur with a medicinal product. Adverse event An event that results in patient harm; this could include an ADR or may be caused by an error on the part of a health professional or the patient.
Agenda for change Process through which the employment contracts for non-medical NHS employees were reviewed, with a view to streamlining pay scales and conditions of employment.
Ambulance Trusts Thirteen trusts that provide transport and emergency care for patients, including the 999 ambulance service and transport for patients to hospital appointments if required.
Anaesthetise Render a patient unable to feel pain; this may be local anaesthesia, in which a local anesthetic is applied (either to the skin or by injection)