1.
When she was In her teens, Nicole Viloteau
A)started her five-year-trip across France
B)began to study reptiles in their natural surroundings C)became particularly keen on reptiles and amphibians D)tried to get people interested in wild nature
E) achieved what she'd been dreaming of for years
2. Nicole Viloteau's interest in nature began
A)during a trip in France B)in her childhood
C)after she became an expert on snakes D)when she travelled worldwide
E) during her adolescence
3. In her Job, Nicole Viloteau mainly deals with
A)cross-breeding new species of reptiles B)increasing people's awareness of wildlife C)exploring the natural habitats of wild animals D)travelling across Africa, Australia and Latin America E) examining and conserving reptiles
IV) Complete the sentences selecting words from Column B in PART H.
1. The situation was already bad, but he aggravated it...by refusing to discuss his decision with anybody.
2.She lives a very...life, but she seems happy with her own company.
3.Collecting vintage motor cars is his ...and he spends every spare minute searching them out.
4.The new manager...looks about forty, but actually she's over sixty.
5.The heat of the sun was so ...that none of us dared to venture out in it.
78 ELS
EXERCISE 32: I) Complete the following passage using the appropriate forms of the
verbs In parentheses.
ABORIGINES
From prehistoric times to the present, there (l.be) ...many mass
migrations of people throughout the world. In a few isolated locations, however, certain tribal or ethnic groups (2.live)...without migrating for many thousands of years.Such people are called aborigines, from the Latin phrase ab origine, which (3.mean)
... "from the beginning." Because the aboriginal peoples (4.live) ...in areas away from other cultures, their existence (5.become)...known to the rest of the world only when outsiders (6.intrude) ...upon their
territories. Some anthropologists in the 20th century (7.doubt) ...whether aborigines (8. always, live) ... in the locations where modern explorers (9.find) ...them. It is possible that some aborigines did migrate, but in a period so remote in time that, today, there (J0.be) ... no record of their migration. In the case of the American Indians, for instance, it is generally accepted that their ancestors (11. come) ... to the Western Hemisphere by way of the Bering Strait between Siberia and Alaska many thousands of years ago. Apparently, the American Indians (12.live) ...on the continent for millenia when the first white men (13.set) ...foot on their land.
In the 20th century there (J4.be) ... few regions of the world where outsiders (15.not, encroach)...upon aboriginal cultures. Yet, Stone Age cultures (16.still, exist) ...in the jungles of South America and on the island of New Guinea. The Negritos, a pygmy-like people of Malaysia and the Philippines, (17.live) ...in the mountainous interiors of those lands, and up to this day, they (18. succeed) ...in preserving their primitive ways of life without much interference.
On Hokkaido, the large northern island of Japan, (19.live) ...a people called the Ainu, who (20. be) ... originally distinct physically from the surrounding Mongoloid population. Over the centuries the processes of cultural
assimilation and intermarriage (21.almost, eliminate) ...their distinctive characteristics. They (22.now, resemble) ... the Japanese in appearance and (23.use) ... the Japanese language.
II) Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as the following definitions.
COLUMN A COLUMN B a) involving a very large number of people or
things ... ...
b)separated from other people or places ... ...
c)the condition of being real, alive or actual ... ...
d)disturb people in their private places ... ...
'••e)an area which a group of people regard as
belonging to themselves ... ...
f) far away in distance or time ... ...
g) people in history from whom a person is
descended ...
h) one half of the earth ...
1) clearly seems to be true although it is not
certain that it is true ...
J) thousands of years ...
K) central area farthest from the sea ...
1) protect something from changing or
stopping ...
m) of an early stage of social development, .
belonging to a society who live in a very
simple way ...
n) the act of trying to influence something ,
-without invitation ...
o) recognizably different or separate ...
p) the process of people becoming an accepted part of a community and losing
their own identity and individuality ...
q) a marriage between people from different
social, racial or religious groups ...
r) to remove completely ...
s) be similar to ...
ELS 79
III) Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
1. Modern people were not aware that aboriginal peoples still existed until A)aborigines assimilated and intermarried
B)groups from these primitive peoples migrated to civilized parts of the Western Hemisphere
C)aborigines began to resemble the Japanese in appearance D)modern men met with several attacks from natives
E) members of the civilized world went into the native habitats of aborigines
2. The general belief Is that the ancestors of the American Indians...
A)crossed the Bering Strait from time to time to get to Siberia B)came to the continent across the Bering Strait
C)were already known to Westerners ,
D)had assimilated and intermarried with European Americans
E) arrived at the continent around the same time as the first white men to set foot on America
3. It Is implied In the passage that
A)outside influence has affected almost every aboriginal group
B)the Ainu people themselves wanted to become similar to other Japanese people C)aboriginal peoples have benefited from the interference of outsiders
D)most aboriginal peoples migrated from Siberia thousands of years ago
E) aboriginal peoples are all pygmy-like, and therefore, much shorter than outsiders
IV) Complete the sentences selecting words from Column B in PART .
1.The panda bear is indeed a member of the bear family, but it has several features, such as its two-tone black and white fur.
2.A nectarine ... ...a peach, to which it is related, but unlike a peach, it has a smooth skin.
3. Winnie is ethnically Chinese, but because she was so young when her family moved to Canada, she has ... ...into Canadian life and excels in English and French while she cannot write very well using Chinese symbols.
4.David Livingstone was one of the first explorers to venture into Africa's which many people at the time referred to as "darkest Africa".
5.The authorities are struggling to...the population of wolves in Mongolia, but angry shepherds continue to trap them.
80 ELS
1. When the English...to settle In Australia in 1788, other countries already ...about this big southern island.
A)begin/know
B)had begun/would know C)were beginning/had known D)would begin/have known E) began/knew
2. Ever since the collapse of the Soviet Union, rapidly changing political boundaries in Eastern Europe...
mapmakers busy.
3. The entire audience...in applause the minute the final curtain...
A)had risen/was falling B)has risen/falls C)was rising/had fallen D)rose/fell
E) is rising/has fallen
4. The tooth...me for quite some time when, at last, I...to see my dentist.
A)bothered/had resolved B)was bothering/resolve C)had been bothering/resolved D)has been bothering/have resolved E) bothers/will resolve
5. I hope you...the accounts by
midday, because the director general is to arrive then.
A)have checked B)will have checked C)had checked D)will be checking E) have been checking
The temporary secretary...so poorly since she started that I...forward to the day when Miss Clark'll return.
A)has been performing/am looking B)will have performed/looked C)performed/would look D)was performing/was looking E) had performed/have looked
such a This is the first time I
formal letter.
A) have written C) will write
E) wrote
She...her job three times just in the last three months. I think she ought to stick to Just one thing.
A)was changing B)is changing C)had changed D)has been changing E) has changed
It was revealed at the trial that the accused man...out on the night of
the murder.
A)won't have gone B)hadn't gone C)doesn't go D)hasn't gone
E) wouldn't have gone
10. I'm really sorry to have broken your crystal vase. It...out of my hand as I ...it into the room.
A)was slipping/was bringing B)had slipped/brought C)slipped/was bringing D)would slip/brought E) has slipped/am bringing
11. He dropped back one semester, so by the time he...from school in two
months, his friends...law for about five months.
A)will graduate/are practising B)has graduated/will be practising C)graduated/have been practising D)graduates/will have been practising E) had graduated/were practising
ELS ü
12. Have you decided In which sector you
E) had looked/would graduate
13. When the police arrived, the diver...
already...the body out of the river and it...on the ground.
A)has/pulled/lay
B)is/pulling/has been lying C)would/pull/were lying D)was/pulling/had lain E) had/pulled/was lying
14. "How long...you...in Ankara?"
"For a few days only. I expect to be back here before the weekend."
A)did/stay B)were/staying C)have/been staying
D)do/stay '
E) will/stay ' :
15. "How long...you...for that company?"
"For more than ten years now."
A)will/be working B)have/been working C)had/worked D)are/working E) did/work
16. They...three meetings on this subject in the last two months, but still ...an agreement.
A)held/don't reach B)had held/didn't reach
C)will have held/hadn't reached D)are holding/can't reach E) have held/haven't reached
at the 17. Do you know how fast he
time of the accident?
A)has been driving B)drove
C)was driving D)will have driven E) had driven
18. Until the disaster, no one huge oceanliner Titanic ...
A)had thought/would sink B)thought/sa nk
C)was thinking/can sink D)has thought/will sink
E) will think/has sunk - . . . 19. I didn't notice as I...the car in the
garage that fuel...from underneath it.
A)have left/dripped B)was leaving/will drip C)leave/is dripping D)left/was dripping
E) would leave/had dripped
20. He still can't sleep properly because of the bad memories of the war, although it
...nearly a year since he...
home.
A)is/would return B)has been/returned C)will be/returns D)was/had returned E) had been/was returning
21. The population of the city...so rapidly in recent years that the municipality...difficulty supplying infrastructure services for all the people.
A)has increased/is having B)increased/will have had C)is increasing/has had D)was increasing/had
E) would have increased/had had 22. Can you hear what Alan and Jack .
about so intimately in that corner?
A)were talking B)had been talking C)have talked D)talked E) are talking
23. After the accident, the taxi driver...
the bicyclist of not looking where he A)accused/was going
B)will have accused/went C)had accused/would be going D)was accusing/has gone E) would accuse/has been going 82 ELS
that the
24. When the thieves...Into our house, they...£ 5,000 and all my jewellery.
A)were breaking/had stolen B)broke/stole
C)are breaking/will steal D)have broken/have stolen E) had broken/would steal
25. I recognized the boy at once, because I ...him In our neighbourhood several times before.
At would meet C) had met
E) meet
26. They...something so Intently that they...me.
A)are discussing/hadn't heard B)were discussing/didn't hear C)discussed/haven't heard D)have discussed/wouldn't hear E) would be discussing/won't hear 27. Look at those children running barefoot!
They...to mind that they...
shoes.
A)didn't seem/were not wearing B)won't seem/don't wear C)don't seem/are not wearing D)wouldn't seem/didn't wear
E) hadn't seemed/wouldn't be wearing 28. Never drive your car before you...the
tires.
29. On the way to work yesterday, one of the tires of the minibus burst suddenly.
Obviously, the driver...them properly before he...off.
A)didn't check/had set B)hasn't checked/has set C)wouldn't check/was setting D)doesn't check/has been setting E) hadn't checked/set
30. The children playing noisily in the garden ...in a few seconds when the old man on the second floor...at them angrily.
A)vanished/shouted B)will vanish/had shouted C)have vanished/shouts D)are vanishing/has shouted E) had vanished/was shouting
31. Despite the sluggishness of world trade, the volume of Latin American exports
...by 9 % In each of the past two
32. The workmen...a valuable old coin while they...the foundation of the house.
A)have found/are digging B)had found/dug
C)find/have been digging D)found/were digging E) could find/had dug
33. With the memory of a painful defeat In mind, the ex-champion...that he ...his revenge.
A)would swear/took B)will swear/has taken C)swore/is taking D)has sworn/will take E) had sworn/was taking
34. You should cut down on your smoking.
This is the sixth cigarette you...In the last two hours.
A)smoked