Factores políticos de la localización de la IED

1. What do you know about participation?

2. Whom do you think should participate in development project/program?

3. What is the motive for doing participation? 4. What do you think is the

obstacles for conducting participatory approach in development

project/program?

5. What are the obstacles of the beneficiaries to be involved in the project in your opinion?

6. What do you think influence participation of the beneficiaries in the project?

Table Appendix 6.2. An Analysis on the Likely Sustainability of the PIDRA Project based on Participation Indicators

The stage of

the project Indicators Results

Participation

performance and sustainability

a. first meetings available before the project begins

There was first meeting in every district, village, and dusun, but there was no forum to exchange information and express the real needs of the beneficiaries

Less participatory in the first meeting and thus, it could lead to the less sustainability

b. the existence of contract signed with clear

explanation of community’s and project’s

responsibilities

There was no contract signed except between the government and donor (the IFAD). There was no written responsibility between stakeholders, specifically beneficiaries and facilitators. Thus, they confused on their responsibility, and the beneficiaries had a lack of commitment to participate

Less commitment to participate that could lead to less sustainability

c. participatory approach in the identification of target beneficiaries

There was an effort to identify target beneficiaries in participatory way by involving all stakeholders in the identification. However, the inclusion of the beneficiaries with high school degree or similar purposely had made the identification become less participatory

Less participatory that could lead to less sustainability

Design and Planning

d. motivation or initiative of target beneficiaries to participate in the project

Most beneficiaries participated because of knowledge and skills they will gain from the project, and their responsibility to their groups; and only a few of them who said because of their friends and families, and money

Their motivation can ensure the likely sustainability, but their dependency to the facilitators to provide them with the knowledge and skills, etc lead the project to

the likely sustainability only in

the long term. In the long term, it depends on their initiative to help themselves

Implementation

e. the existence of local organisations initiated by the project or by the

There are SHGs, the Federation, and the VDA. After the project finishes,

The existence of organisations could ensure the likely

The stage of

the project Indicators Results

Participation

performance and sustainability

will be merged into Cooperative institution (Ponorogo District), and other districts gave flexibility to the members to decide what best for their sustainability. There was also training in management and book-keeping for members

However, since the initiative to create the organisations was from the government, most beneficiaries had less a sense of ownership, and it would likely be unsustainable in the long term

f. the diversity of group members, and shared leaderships

The group members had diversity. To some extent it was good, but the inclusion of high school graduates or similar level of education has prevented the lower level educated beneficiaries to participate, and thus, it could create new elites in the groups

The decision making has become less participatory, and this could lead to the less

likely of sustainability

g. the regularity of the group meeting and level of participants’ attendance

The groups came to the meeting regularly and there was a high level of attendance, but there was an indication that they came to the meetings because of the facilitators’ attendance

Beneficiaries’

participation was only involving, and they did not have good commitment to participate, and thus, the benefits would likely unsustainable

h. the intended beneficiaries as the decision makers in the project implementation

The ideas and opinions were still dominated by leaders or the management and administration team. The rest of the groups had less participation in decision making because they felt that they did not have enough skill and knowledge, and lack of self-confidence

Beneficiaries had passive participation in decision making and thus, the benefits of the project would likely unsustainable in the long term.

i. the contribution of the community to the project

Beneficiaries contributed in form of money, foods, input materials, etc

The members had a sense of ownerships, and thus, the project would be sustainable. However, it would be in short period of time because the sustainability in the long term will depend on the ability of the group members to manage their capital, businesses, and groups.

The stage of

the project Indicators Results

Participation

performance and sustainability

j. the community is actively participate in developing network with external agents

Most group have not been able to develop networks with many external agents, and thus, they could not find market for their products

Thus, the project could not ensure their

financial and institutional

sustainability, and thus, the project would likely unsustainable

k. the use of simple technology as input of the project activities

Facilitators tried to use simple technology and inputs from target areas. However, limitation in the resources and knowledge, they had to use some inputs from other areas which are some distance away from their place. They also got used to have facilitators to provide it

Dependency to the facilitators in providing knowledge

and skills have made it less participatory and it would lead to

the likely unsustainable of the

benefits in the long term

Monitoring and Evaluation

l. participatory monitoring and evaluation

Less participatory because indicators of monitoring and evaluation have been designed by the National PIDRA Management

Passive participation in monitoring and evaluation, and this could lead to the likely unsustainable of the project.

m. Support from the government

The government in the provincial and Ponorogo district supported the project by ensuring that the project will have an exit point after the project finishes by creating cooperative institution. Meanwhile, two

other districts seemed to ignore the existence of the project and saw it as another project ran by the Ministry

The project became less participatory, and without enough support from the government in the form of giving their rights to participate, the project would likely lead to project sustainability Additional factors influenced participation and project sustainability

n. The role of facilitators

Facilitators still have strong influenced to the beneficiaries. They sometimes had a biased in

doing their job and thus, involved too much in the project implementation that made the beneficiaries unable to be self-reliant

The involvement of facilitators in the project had made it

become less participatory and this

would likely lead to unsustainable

benefits in the long term