• No se han encontrado resultados

Factores que afectan la extracción de compuestos fenólicos

In document UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA CHAPINGO (página 42-0)

2 Revisión de Literatura General

2.13 Factores que afectan la extracción de compuestos fenólicos

Peter Senkbeil - Managing Director Operations

“Clients expect the highest level of productivity from our FPSOs and other floating production units. SBM’s dedicated teams around the world ensure that their objectives are met. With over 257 years of accumulated experience in offshore operations, the Company’s vision is to continue to provide customer orientated solutions and to ensure reliable

operations, while constantly evolving. The value of listening to clients is of paramount importance and by staying close to them the Company can anticipate their needs and respond quickly. Uptime and safety are key drivers and our operations remain focused on its delivery every day of every year.”

Performance at a glance

This year SBM’s Operations division processed 236 Mboe and 399 successful and safe offloads. The remit in 2014 spanned the entire product lifecycle with two FPSOs starting up, 12 other FPSOs in operation offshore across the globe and finally two FPSOs at the end of the lifecycle being demobilised. In addition, operations successfully continued on the MOPU (gas) offshore Canada for Encana and added an additional 35,000 bpd of oil to its processing capability via a successful tie-back to FPSO Kikeh from another field for Murphy Oil.

SBM Offshore N.V. 2014 Annual Report 58

Key achievements

4.3 billion barrels of equivalent (boe) accumulated for SBM Offshore’s lease fleet over 257 years

Over 99% uptime

FPSO Cidade de Ilhabela achieved first oil and started producing offshore Brazil in November 2014 and is now on hire with Petrobras

under a 20-year lease and operate contract

N’Goma FPSO achieved first oil and started producing offshore Angola in November 2014 for Eni under a 12-year lease and operate

contract. Formerly the FPSO Xikomba- in operation offshore Angola for eight years before being demobilised in 2012 - it represents a successful life extension project for SBM when Operations took the reins of this vessel for a second time on a new block

FPSO Kuito was demobilised in late 2013, leaving Angolan waters in December 2014 and will be delivered to the green recycling yard

in Turkey to be dismantled. It completed 14 years of operations for CabGoc offshore Angola (block 14)

FPSO Brasil was demobilised in March 2014 and in November left Brazilian waters and will be delivered to the green recycling yard in

China to be dismantled. The FPSO was operated offshore Brazil for 12 years under a lease and operate contract for client Petrobras FPSO Kikeh successfully started producing for a tie-back to the SNP field, adding an additional 35,000 bpd of oil and adding another

successful brownfield project to the SBM Offshore portfolio

FPSO Mondo – work progressed on this brownfield project to upgrade the FPSO, which includes modification to the topsides to

increase throughput by up to a maximum of 30,000 bbls per day

Deep Panuke (MOPU – gas) marked its first year of successful operations

SBM Offshore operates its fleet according to five business drivers:

HSSE – is at the core and the other four drivers revolve around it

Operational Performance

Asset Integrity

Commercial Performance

Sustainability

SBM Offshore N.V. 2014 Annual Report 59

New Operations

SBM Offshore’s FPSOs are production plants operating offshore, often in deep, remote and sometimes harsh environments. In December the Company’s most sophisticated FPSO unit went into production – FPSO Cidade de Ilhabela,which represents a huge transformation to a more complex processing business, requires different skill sets and meticulous attention to Process Safety Management to ensure safe operations. Cidade de Ilhabela is a SBM Offshore Generation 3 FPSO which in addition to more complexity and heavier topsides, has increased crude oil processing capacity. It has the capacity to produce 150,000 bbls per day, an increase of 25% compared to the first in the series of SBM Offshore Generation 3 units, FPSO Cidade de Paraty, which started operations in June 2013. These two FPSOs represent a huge step-change for Operations. In addition, the ultra-deep water depths (Cidade de Ilhabela is the deepest in the fleet at 2,140m) and the need to re-inject gas at much higher pressure (over 500 bar), represent a new benchmark for the industry.

The journey to the start of the 20-year lease and operate contract for FPSO Cidade de Ilhabela and the 12-year lease and operate contract for N’Goma FPSO began with a transition from the project execution team to the operations team in Brazil and Angola respectively.

Key achievements

The Operations Readiness process before handover was successfully completed with both divisions of the company cooperating

closely to ensure that once operations took the reins the production levels that have been committed to are safely achieved Intense training to ensure new skill sets for offshore crew

Improved information feedback loop from Operations to the engineering divisions to ensure that the Company continually improves its

technologies, which down the line optimises operations and increases performance for the client

Asset Integrity

All SBM Offshore assets are efficiently maintained in a condition to safely deliver industry leading performance to clients over the full contract life. Given the extended duration of SBM Offshore’s lease and operate contracts for FPSOs, particular attention is given to the upgrade of the Company’s Assets Integrity strategy. Examples of factors influencing asset integrity include:

SBM Offshore N.V. 2014 Annual Report 60 prolonged operate contracts for FPSOs – currently at 20 years versus an average of 14 years in the recent past

operating in corrosive pre-salt fields

new technology on board to process toxic and flammable gases

The Company’s first pre-salt FPSO with a 20-year contract - FPSO Cidade de Paraty- achieved first oil in June 2013 and the second 20-year contract began in November 2014 with FPSO Cidade de Ilhabela.

Key achievements

Evolved and developed efficient maintenance strategies to ensure safe and reliable operations over the lifecycle of the units

Improved monitoring systems to give a better and quick understanding of the Assets' actual condition

Continued control to ensure implementation of best practices and standards

FPSO Cidade de Ilhabela started operations under the Joint Venture company owned by SBM Offshore with Queiroz Galvao Oleo e

Gas (QGOG) and Mitsubishi

N’Goma FPSO started producing and is operated by OPS, a 50/50 Joint Venture company between SBM Offshore and Sonangol. The

FPSO is owned by Sonasing, a Joint Venture company between SBM Offshore, Sonangol and Angolan Offshore Services FPSO Cidade de Paraty marked one year of successful operations as the Company’s first pre-salt unit. The FPSO is owned and

operated by a consortium of affiliated companies of SBM Offshore, QGOG, Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK), and ITOCHU Corporation (ITOCHU)

Looking forward with Joint Venture partners

FPSOs Cidade de Marica is scheduled to start operating in 4Q 2015. It is owned and will be operated by the JV Company between SBM Offshore with Queiroz Galvao Oleo e Gas, NYK and Mitsubishi.

SBM Operations works within the applicable Shareholders Agreements to ensure that the Company delivers in respect of OPEX, budgets, crewing and uptime.

Future plans

Operations aim to optimise the Company’s revenues by ensuring high uptime. This will be achieved by driving continued performance

improvement and efficiencies. In addition proposed life cycle cost optimisation should make SBM Offshore’s operations even more competitive, yielding benefits for SBM Offshore’s partners and customers

SBM Offshore plans to offer the services of its Operations division to other clients who own their own FPSOs i.e. go beyond the ‘lease

and operate’ formula that SBM Offshore has traditionally offered for its own fleet by offering the ‘operate’ only option as part of its portfolio of services

SBM Offshore N.V. 2014 Annual Report 61

SBM Offshore N.V. 2014 Annual Report 62

In document UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA CHAPINGO (página 42-0)