Factores que alteran la convivencia escolar:

GHANA

111 Adjei, Mawuli

Legon Journal of the Humanities: (2009), vol. 20, p. 89-103.

ASC Subject Headings

Like other urban political novels, Amu Djoleto's 'Money Galore' (1975) vividly captures the manifestations, scope, function, psychology, power and cultural imperatives of corruption in post-independence Ghana. Although the novel was published in 1975, its timelessness is seen in how the issues explored are germane to today's Ghana, notwithstanding the pledge "zero tolerance for corruption" made by President John Kufuor (President of Ghana, 2000- 2008) upon assuming office. The structures that foster corruption appear to be ingrained in the national psyche. In spite of situating 'Money Galore' within the context of physical filth and moral degeneracy, and depicting corruption as ritualistic or cyclical, Djoleto is very weak in constructing a framework for social change. Bibliogr., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]

112 Adu-Boahen, Kwabena

Lagos Historical Review: (2009), vol. 9, p. 118-137.

ASC Subject Headings

Victims of all slave trading systems in Africa always included significant numbers of children, but, until the nineteenth century, these formed smaller proportions of total volumes of trade slaves. Following abolition, however, the age/sex ratio of trade slaves began to shift as slave trading in children increased. Child-slave trading assumed a more expansive dimension when later in the nineteenth century European colonial powers, as a strategy for interfering and destroying indigenous slavery in their colonies, outlawed and criminalized slave trading. In Ghana a brisk trade in child-slaves from northern to southern Ghana grew after the passage of an anti-slave Ordinance in 1874. This paper examines the paradox of post-abolition child-slave trading in Ghana. It explains the increasing availability of children in the north-south slave marketing network, child trafficking strategies and women's role in these, and the factors which sustained both demand and supply. Its main argument is that the entry of foreign slave raiders in northern Ghana created a supply mechanism which invigorated a north-south trade and that this mechanism was kept vibrant by an increasing demand in the south for child slaves in the face of the relative scarcity of adult captives. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

WEST AFRICA - GHANA

113 Ahlman, Jeffrey S.

Africa Today: (2010), vol. 57, no. 2, p. 67-84.

ASC Subject Headings

In recent years, historians and other scholars have greatly expanded how they approach the study of African decolonization. This article builds upon this growing scholarship by exploring the political and intellectual debates surrounding the use of 'violence' in decolonization. Taking Kwame Nkrumah's Ghana as its setting, it explores the ways in which the armed struggle of the Algerian Revolution (1954-1962) helped transform African perceptions of the political and social processes of decolonization in the late 1950s and early 1960s, as well as the moral ambiguities surrounding them. It shows how the Algerian presence in the Ghanaian capital of Accra competed with and transformed Nkrumah's own interpretations of decolonization and the possibilities of a pan-African world created through 'nonviolent Positive Action.' Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]

114 Arhine, Adwoa

Legon Journal of the Humanities: (2009), vol. 20, p. 105-122 : foto, graf., tab.

ASC Subject Headings

Various forms of communication based on sounds produced by instruments are common in many African societies. The 'mmen esoun' (also spelt 'mmensoun') (meaning Seven Horns) is a speech surrogate used among the Fante of Ghana. 'Mmensoun' has the dual capability of imitating the speaking voice and, simultaneously, serving as a musical instrument in a performance. As a speech surrogate, it functions as an effective and powerful instrument for communication. The author introduces the communicative sounds of the 'mmensuon' within the cultural system of the Fante, and offers a framework within which the instrument could be further investigated. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]

115 Collins, John

Ghana Studies: (2007), vol. 10, p. 9-64.

ASC Subject Headings

Focusing on Ghana, the author examines contemporary African culture from the mid-20th century onwards through the lens of the popular arts. He divides his discussion of the development of Ghanaian popular performance and its associated culture, fashions and youth movements from the immediate post-war and early independence era until the

WEST AFRICA - GHANA

present into six time periods: the Second World War; the rise of mass nationalist parties; the early independence era; the introduction from the 1960s of Western 'pop' culture (rock 'n' roll, soul, disco, ska and reggae); the late 1970s/1980s collapse of the Ghanaian commercial music industry and consequent creation of new genres (local techno-pop, hip- hop and gospel); and finally the impact of globalization since the 1990s. Bibliogr., notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]

116 Daswani, Girish

Journal of Religion in Africa: (2010), vol. 40, no. 4, p. 442- 474.

ASC Subject Headings

While an ideology of rupture is central to understanding Pentecostal Christianity in Ghana, not enough attention has been given to the moral relationships and ritual practices that help sustain a Pentecostal transformation and its situational application in different contexts. By comparing the experiences of members of the Church of Pentecost (CoP) in Ghana and London, this paper shows how Pentecostal transformation provides church members with an ethical framework, that helps them cope with unhealthy relationships, witchcraft attacks, and migration, albeit differently. The paper argues that while promoting discontinuity, individuality, and positive change, Pentecostal transformation also raises concerns regarding continuity, communality, and negativity. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

117 Fobih, Nick

Africa Today: (2010/11), vol. 57, no. 1, p. 25-41 : tab.

ASC Subject Headings

The second half of the twentieth century witnessed the introduction of the party system in Ghana and many countries in the developing world. As in many African countries, the effort to develop Ghana's party system and democracy in the postcolonial era has undergone various transformations. This paper considers the dynamics of the administration of these parties in terms of their ideological underpinnings, institutional framework, and organization, and the numerous bottlenecks to managing parties in Ghana, which became more apparent after the reintroduction of multiparty democracy in 1992. Examination of these issues could serve as a foundation for understanding the internal dynamics of Ghana's parties, and could help promote reform measures where necessary. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]

WEST AFRICA - GHANA

118 Gadzekpo, Audrey

Audrey Gadzekpo - In: Ghana Studies: (2007), vol. 10, p. 89-106.

ASC Subject Headings

Ghana's media history has been chequered and marred by decades of political as well as economic instability. Just as in other sub-Saharan African countries, the Ghanaian press was at the forefront of political struggles for liberation from colonial rule and, later, in the vanguard of opposition to dictatorial rule. But for long periods postindependence, the media were also ineffectual watchdogs, often functioning as tools of the succession of military regimes which ruled the country from the mid-1960s through the 1970s and 1980s. The lifting of restrictions on the media was a prerequisite for Ghana's transition back to democracy in 1993 as well as a dividend of economic and political liberalization. The manner in which the media were appropriated in the long process of nationbuilding has had a bearing on how they function in today's democratic environment. This paper examines Ghana's media history, dividing it into five phases, and also paying attention to future prospects. Bibliogr., note. [ASC Leiden abstract]

119 Gyimah-Boadi, Emmanuel

Emmanuel Gyimah-Boadi - In: Ghana Studies: (2007), vol. 10, p. 107-143.

ASC Subject Headings

Three main themes have animated Ghanaian politics since independence: prosperity, democracy, and national unity. Yet, much of Ghana's 50-year quest for these ideals was dominated by false starts as well as twists and turns. The lofty dreams of life after independence turned nightmarish in much of the first thirty years of Ghana's nationhood. In recent years, however, Ghana appears to have returned to her earlier promise. This essay sketches Ghanaian politics over the fifty years since independence, highlighting key elements of change and continuity. It divides postindependence Ghanaian politics into two historical periods, first tracing distinct developments in democracy, unity and prosperity before the Fourth Republic and then analyses the post-1992 period. Bibliogr., notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]

120 Maffioli, Dionisia

In: African Population Studies: (2009), vol. 23, suppl., p. 99-126 : tab.

ASC Subject Headings:

WEST AFRICA - GHANA

Child malnutrition and undernutrition are steadily declining in many African and Asian countries, although they are still widespread. Interestingly, the rate of child malnutrition is decidedly higher in several Asian countries than in sub-Saharan Africa, despite the fact that socio-economic conditions in Asian countries are often better - or at least similar. Household wealth being equal, the nutritional status of children can be considered as a marker of long-term resource allocation decisions made by families. The position of children and their mother in the family and the level of mothers' autonomy of action can influence the proportion of family resources destined for children. In order to contribute to the solution of the Asian-African enigma this article examines the relationship between anthropometric indicators of the nutritional status of children and the decisional power of women as well as their position in the household in Ethiopia, Ghana and India. The results show that there is a significant relationship and that this is independent of other factors such as parents' income and education. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [ASC Leiden abstract]

121 Owusu, George

African Population Studies: (2009), vol. 23, suppl., p. 253-281 : fig., tab.

ASC Subject Headings

Like many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Ghana is undergoing rapid urbanization with a projected 52 percent of its total population urbanized by 2010. This paper examines the effects of urban growth on land rights and access in peri-urban areas of Ghana's largest cities, Accra and Kumasi. Based on questionnaire surveys and focus group discussions carried out in five peri-urban areas - Ofankor/Amasaman, Nii Boi Town and Nungua in Accra, and Ayeduase and Fankyenebra in Kumasi - the study found that urban growth and growing population pressure in Accra and Kumasi due to rural-urban migration, natural urban population growth and the effects of globalization are leading to significant changes in land tenure practices. More significantly, urban growth pressures are leading to land commodification resulting in individualized and privatized rights as opposed to group or communal rights (usufruct). The implications of the changing land tenure practices for urban development in Ghana are discussed. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

122 Roberts, Jonathan

The Journal of African History: (2010), vol. 51, no. 3, p. 343-365 : foto's, krt.

ASC Subject Headings

WEST AFRICA - GHANA

From 1942 to 1945, British and American armed forces attempted to eradicate malaria in Accra (Ghana) by dredging the sacred Korle Lagoon and spraying the city with pesticides. They also conducted experiments on the biting patterns of mosquitoes by using human subjects as bait. But, despite the extent of the anti-malaria campaign, it is largely forgotten by the inhabitants of Accra, and those who do remember it regard it as a nominal event in the history of the city. This article contrasts the official military history of the anti-malaria campaign with oral evidence to determine why the event fails to resonate in the collective memory of the residents of Accra. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

123 Skinner, Kate

History in Africa: (2010), vol. 37, p. 125-158.

ASC Subject Headings:

Following Ghana's independence in 1957, Ewe-speakers and other peoples of British Togoland were incorporated into Ghana. According to Paul Nugent (2002), the Ghana-Togo border, which crosses the Ewe-speaking area, has proven resilient, in spite of its apparently illogical and intrusive colonial origins. Since the publication of Nugent's book, the Ghana- Togo border question has enjoyed a resurgence of interest, which is manifested not only among Ewe-speakers in Ghana, but also in the global diaspora. There appears to be dissatisfaction among Ewe-speakers worldwide with the incorporation at the time of the area where they were born within the borders of Ghana. The author describes some of her encounters with Ewe-speaking people who study their recent policial history and analyses some of their writings. She suggests that, despite recent attention to history writing by Africans during the 19th and 20th centuries, further reflection is required on two key issues, namely the circulation of historical knowledge and forms of historical debate among Africans living in the global diaspora; and the implications of this for historians researching the postcolonial period. Bibliogr., notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]

124 Tsikata, Dzodzi

Ghana Studies: (2007), vol. 10, p. 163-206.

ASC Subject Headings

Fifty years after Ghana gained independence, women in Ghana have yet to enjoy full citizenship rights. While they have been accorded formal rights of citizenship by successive Ghanaian constitutions, this is undermined daily by discriminatory policies and practices in public and private, and within the State and society. This essay explores the ambiguities in

WEST AFRICA - GHANA

women's citizenship in relation to several areas (work, the control of productive resources, social development, women's organizations and studies, and politics and public life). It argues that while women continue to make significant contributions to the economy and society through their productive and care activities and have made progress in educational attainment and self organization in defence of their rights, full citizenship has eluded them. The essay concludes with suggestions for future improvement of the situation. Bibliogr., notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]

125 Van Gyampo, Ransford Edward

Ransford Edward Van Gyampo - In: Politikon: (2009), vol. 36, no. 3, p. 445-461 : tab.

ASC Subject Headings

This paper discusses the two presidential debates in Ghana, organized by the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA-Ghana) in Accra and Tamale before the 2008 general elections. The debates provided an opportunity for the presidential aspirants of the four main political parties with representation in parliament to engage in a contest of ideas. Using findings of a survey of 100 respondents, representing a cross-section of the Ghanaian population, the paper argues that presidential debates have a negligible role in positively affecting the electoral fortunes of political parties and contribute little to whipping up support for their presidential aspirants, especially among the undecided voters. Their role in consolidating Ghana's democracy, particularly in ensuring dialogue and participation of the people in decisionmaking, however, remains largely positive in spite of the several flaws and challenges that characterize their conduct in Ghana. The study therefore recommends measures to ensure successful conduct of presidential debates in Ghana in a manner that fully contributes to democratic consolidation and encourages voters, especially the undecided ones, to objectively make a good decision as to which presidential aspirant or political party to vote for in future. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]

IVORY COAST

126 Tano, Felix

- In: Revue juridique et politique des États francophones: (2010), année 65, no. 2, p. 131- 151.

ASC Subject Headings

Prenant principalement ses exemples dans le cas du Bénin et de la Côte d'Ivoire, le présent article traite de la répartition des compétences entre le pouvoir réglementaire et le pouvoir législatif en matière financière, qui ne semble pas définitivement fixée. La situation