2. Acoso Escolar
2.9. Factores que influyen en la violencia escolar
1Mulawarman University 2
Indonesia University of Education
Article info Abstract
Keywords: Preliminary research on students’ graphical representation ability profile
of prospective teacher of physics hasbeen conducted in LPTK in East Kalimantan Province. This research used descriptive method. This research were the prospective teachers of physics that enrolled in thermodynamics with 46 students at fourth year undergraduate level as research subjects. To find out the students’ graphical representation ability through written test are multiple choice limited to thermodynamics subject matter covers three topics respectively: the energy, the first law of thermodynamics, and the second law of thermodynamics. The result showed an increase in normalized gain <g> at the graphical representation students’ ability low category in the energy (0,2), the first low of thermodynamics (0,2), and the second law of thermodynamics (0,1). It can be concluded that graphical representation ability of prospective teachers of physics that focused on three topics namely the energy, the first law of thermodynamics, and the second law of thermodynamics still relatively low. Low mastery of graphical representation that students’ migh have achieved samething to do with the applied learning strategies teacher less accommodating student need. Based on these finding it is advisable to conduct further research on the aplication of more innovation learning strategies and direct participatory student-centered learning.
Corresponding Author:
a)[email protected] b)[email protected] c)[email protected]
INTRODUCTION
Thermodynamics is one part of physics majors which taught physics, physics education, and engineering throughout of Indonesia. Knowledge, understanding and mastery of the thermodynamics concept became a base for students to develop the ability as well as the basic for the development and advancement of technology in the future. Thermodynamics has become one of the pillars in the technological progress of a nation. Various applications and thermodynamics methods play an important role in human life. The engineer uses the principle of thermodynamics in their studies to design variety of energy system as required human needs, such as power generation, air conditioner system, jet and automobile engines. The engineers also working to improve of design and enhance the performance that can be measured by variety of factors such as the increase in output of desired product, a reduction in the consumption of natural resources are dwindling, total cost reduction, or a negative impact on the environment. At the global situation, where the acceleration changes occurs in all sectors, then one of the most urgent resources must be prepared to face the world of work is the human resources e.i. teachers. For this reason it should be developed to organize a good learning process that will produce quality graduates.
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thermodynamics concepts. To understand the concepts, it will effectively facilitate students in problems that related to everyday life. Therefore, understanding the thermodynamics concepts were very important to be trained and owned by prospective teachers in the learning process and after learning. However, to have an understanding of thermodynamics concepts better, student are expected to have an ability to present what they have learned not only in the form of mathematical, verbal, but also in the form of graphical representation. Therefore, graphical representation ability was very important to train and owned by students.
Given the thermodynamics theory that contains of many process require the graphical representation ability to understand all the processes that occur in the system. Then the learning process thermodynamics must be constructed through the learning process that generates these competencies actually happened in the process. Starting from these conditions this research gave a preliminary study about the graphical representation ability of prospective teachers of physics on thermodynamics course they enrolled. Therefore, in this research can be formulated an issue that was how graphical representation profile of prospective teachers of physics on thermodynamics course? Urgently of this research was conducted as base-line for further research.
METHOD
Research method used a descriptive method as preliminary research for dissertation research. The aims of this research was to know the students’ graphical profile ability and to find out the student’s graphical representation profile using written test. The test were in multiple choice to limited student who enrolled in the thermodynamics course. To collect the data of graphical representation of prospective teachers of physics used thermodynamics subject matter in the energy topic, the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics. The research involved 46 students of physics education class of the year 2013/2014 in a teacher education programme (LPTK) in East Kalimantan.
RESULTS
In this research, the graphical representation ability measured on energy topics, the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics. Here was a comparison diagram of the average of N-gain score <g> on each topics.
Figure 1 . The average of gain score which normalized <g> on each topics DISCUSSIONS
In the research showed that students’ graphical representation ability of prospective teachers of physics on thermodynamics course in the energy topic, the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics still comprehensively in low criteria. The fact that based on the average of gain score which normalized <g> students achieved on each topic represented none of medium category. The average still low achievement obtained by students in this research suspected nothing to do with the characteristics of thermodynamics that represent ofstudents the method used by lecturer in the learning process. Some result of the research showed that thermodynamics theory is mathematical, states processes, and abstract, therefore the students have difficulty inleaning thermodynamics. According Huan and Gramol8 many theories in thermodynamics were abstract and difficult to visualize. Many student have difficulty in understanding of thermodynamics concept.2,3,9,10 Meltzer7found that only 20% of the 653 students who can be apply the first law of thermodynamics after learned. The studentdifficult to understand the heat concept and work, entropy, and thermodynamics process.13 Beside that the students also have difficulty to understanding of PV diagram on sub topic work and energy.1,6,7
Based on the result of research the students’ difficulties experiences apparently in according to their learning processes. From the close interview result with some of students about learning process of thermodynamics revealed that the lecturer has been less direct of student center learning and more mathematical in its delivery, never carry out practical activities, questions gave more emphasis on the application of mathematically formula.
Related with the fact that described above, it can be concluded that during the learning process of thermodynamics still tend to be conventional and less involving the students in constructing the concepts, so that result in the lack of understanding of concept and graphical representation ability. This is according to statement of John Dewey in Heuvelen4 that science education was tended to fail because so often served merely as a ready- made knowledge and informative. According Chaturvedi et al.4 learning with conventional approach were not effective in the 21st century. Students also have difficulty in retention when convention methods used in teaching.2,8,12 Therefore, there should be efforts to improve the learning process that involves students actively construct their own knowledge and understanding in order to improve the understanding of the concept and graphical representation ability. This is in line with the result of adult research recommend to science study to put more emphasis on understanding concepts.5,11
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION
Based on the result of the discussions it can be concluded that prospective teachers of physics in one of LPTK in East Kalimantan showed low graphical representation ability in thermodynamics theory. It’s based on the average of the normalized gain score <g> the achievement of the students in graphical representation ability was not over 0,2. On each subject being achieved from the third subject of the lowest levels of the achievement showed in the second law of thermodynamics theory. Starting from the result of this preliminary research reminded the importance of the graphical representation ability for prospective teachers of physics. It is very relevant to further research on the factors affecting the law of graphical representation ability of prospective teachers and research on the application of innovation learning strategies and direct participatory students more actively to improve graphical representation ability
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