Fase III: Diseño del Sistema de Control de Gestión

2.8.1

Avoidance

The best defense against windshear is to avoid it altogether. This is especially important because windshear can exceed the capability of any airplane. There is no assured detection and warning system in operation which can accurately measure windshear intensity along a flight path. When possible, report possible windshear encounters to ATC and take such reports from other aircraft very seriously.

2.8.2

Precautions

If windshear is reported in the area consider delaying takeoff or discontinuing an approach until conditions have improved. Use the longest available runway and do not use reduced power for takeoff. Also be alert for airspeed fluctuations during departure and arrival.

2.8.3

Recovery

2.8.3.1 Airspeed

Optimum aircraft performance (Best Angle of Climb) occurs near a speed which equates to a target speed of V2 during take-off and VGA during landing for any given flap configuration. Therefore do not allow the speed to decrease below these speeds. These speeds are an easy reference since they were briefed and bugged prior to Take-off or approach. Do not allow airspeed to decay to the stick shaker activation. This is due to the following factors:

A. At these speeds the aircraft is operating on the back side of the Lift/ Drag curve with significant deterioration of climb capability. B. The airspeed can be lower than VMCA so the flight controls may

not maintain sufficient authority for directional control in the event of an engine failure.

If the stick shaker activates in turbulence, immediately reduce the pitch attitude sufficient to silence the shaker. In the event this should occur close to the ground, maintain the pitch attitude which silences the shaker, until terrain clearance is no longer a factor, then allow the aircraft to accelerate back to V2/VGA.

2.8.3.2 Technique

A. Flight path must be controlled with pitch attitude (Unusual stick forces may be required).

B. Lower than normal airspeed may have to be accepted to counter altitude loss.

C. Do not use a reduced power takeoff.

D. Do not change aircraft configuration until clear of the Windshear. 2.8.3.3 Procedure & Callouts

PF PM

WIND SHEAR MAX POWER

Selects GA and moves Power Levers toward MTOP, increases pitch to target V2/VGA

Do not change aircraft configuration (see note below)

Commands FIREWALL POWER if negative VSI until positive VSI established.

Sets Power and Condition Levers to MTOP

MAX POWER SET

Monitors aircraft performance and terrain

SINKING/CLIMBING

When clear of Windshear Establishes level flight and

reconfigures aircraft Advises ATC of Windshear conditions

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If practical observe MAX Torque _{limits; however, obtaining safe climb} and obstacle clearance takes precedence over transient limits.

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The only aircraft configuration change allowed during this maneuver is to reduce the flap setting from 35° to 15° (If flaps are set to 35°).

2.9 EGPWS

2.9.1

Overview

EGPWS is a terrain awareness and alerting system. The EGPWS uses aircraft inputs including altitude, radar altitude, airspeed, attitude, glideslope and geographic position. The EGPWS provides alerts for excessive glideslope deviation, flap or landing gear position not in the landing configuration, bank angle and minimum callouts. Additionally EGPWS uses internal terrain, obstacles and airport databases to predict a potential conflict between the aircraft flight path and obstacles.

2.9.2

Procedure & Callouts

Anytime the aural warning sounds (TERRAIN PULL UP):

• The PF will, without delay, accomplish a Go-around procedure and climb until the EGPWS warning ceases.

• The PM will push the condition levers to MAX and set MAX POWER.

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Procedures and Maneuvers at specific locations require higher than normal descent rates in visual conditions. Aural warnings from the EGPWS may be accepted without initiating the procedure detailed below given that the flight crew has briefed the arrival, taken into account terrain considerations, flight path, descent path, etc. is in visual meteorological conditions and plans to stabilize the flight path in accordance with stabilized approach criteria defined in this manual.

PF PM EGPWS Warning – TERRAIN, TERRAIN, PULL UP

MAX POWER

Disconnect Autopilot and Move Power Levers toward MTOP, roll wings level, aggressively increase pitch to initiate climb and selects Go-Around.

Sets Power and Condition Levers to MAX.

MAX POWER SET

Targets VGA

Do not change aircraft configuration (see below)

Monitors aircraft performance and terrain clearance and advises PF (Reference the Radar Altimeter in addition to the TAWS display for terrain clearance).

When clear of terrain Establishes level flight and reconfigures

aircraft. Advises ATC.

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The only aircraft configuration change allowed during this maneuver is to reduce the flap setting from 35° to 15° (If flaps are set to 35°).

2.10 TCAS Warnings

2.10.1 Overview

A Resolution Advisory (RA) is a warning that will provide adequate vertical separation from a threat airplane when it is approximately 25 seconds from the closest point of approach.

The RA will be accompanied by an appropriate announcement: • Aural Message

• Traffic symbol visible on display • Red and Green area on VS scale

2.10.2 Procedure & Callouts

When an RA is commanded the PF shall: • Disengage the autopilot.

• Respond immediately to satisfy the RA using positive pitch and power inputs in the direction and with the magnitude the TCAS advises.

• Adjust the aircraft VS to move the VSI pointer within the green area.

PF PM TCAS TRAFFIC ALERT

Locates target on TCAS and monitors.

Directs PM to request heading change with ATC if needed.

Locates target on TCAS and tries to get visual.

Advises PF of visual position and direction of flight.

Makes ATC request TCAS RESOLUTION ADVISORY Either pilot calls RA CLIMB/DESCEND Disconnects autopilot

Initiates climb or descent as per TCAS Notifies ATC When clear of conflict Returns aircraft to original assigned

altitude.

Advise ATC

TCAS is not able to provide RAs for aircraft without altitude reporting capability. TCAS will provide NO Traffic Advisory (TA) or RA for aircraft without transponders, or those with inoperative transponders.

Chapter 3: Normal Procedures

3.1. Purpose ... 77 3.2. General ... 77 3.3. Preflight ... 78 3.4. Cockpit Preparation ... 83 3.5. Before Start (First Flight) ... 98 3.6. Before Start (Successive Flights) ... 104 3.7. Start ... 110 3.8. After Start ... 116 3.9. Push Back Operations ... 126 3.10. Taxi ... 130 3.11. Before Takeoff To The Line ... 134 3.12. Before Takeoff Below The Line ... 139 3.13. Takeoff... 144 3.14. Climb To The Line ... 147 3.15. Climb Below The Line ... 153 3.16. Cruise ... 155 3.17. Descent ... 158 3.18. Approach ... 161 3.19. Approach Profiles ... 164 3.19.1. General Procedures ... 164 3.19.2. Stabilized Approach Criteria ... 164 3.19.3. Approach Callouts ... 166 3.19.4. Precision Approach Profile... 167 3.19.5. Non-Precision Approach and Circle To Land Profile ... 168 3.19.6. Visual Approach and Landing Profile ... 169 3.20. Landing To The Line ... 170 3.21. Landing Below The Line ... 174 3.22. Missed Approach / Go Around ... 176 3.23. After Landing To The Line ... 181 3.24. After Landing Below The Line ... 185 3.25. Parking To The Line ... 190 3.26. Parking ... 195

CHAPTER 3

NORMAL PROCEDURES

3.1 Purpose

This chapter contains descriptions of normal maneuvers and procedures for the DHC-8 series aircraft at Dynamic Aviation.

3.2 General

The procedures described are mandatory. However, every effort has been made to design these procedures with a degree of flexibility so that the crew can adapt them to the varied and changing meteorological, ATC and terminal requirements found throughout all operating environments. Procedures are the actions that must be completed to accomplish the flight. Checklists are used to check that at least the items critical to safety of flight have been completed. Completing only the checklist items will not result in a satisfactory flight. Most procedures have been incorporated into a flow pattern to ease learning and performance. These flows are designed to synchronize with the checklist in a manner that reduces confusion, increases proficiency, and provides clarity to when items should be completed.

3.3 Preflight

3.3.1

General

To assure that the aircraft is airworthy from the pilots’ perspective it is important that a thorough preflight be completed. An organized preflight flow will expedite the inspection process and increase safety and dispatch reliability.

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This flow is designed to provide guidance on a recommended external flow _{on the airplane’s first flight of the day and will be followed by the COCKPIT} PREPARATION Checklist. Subsequent flights by may begin with the BEFORE START – Successive Flights Checklist.

3.3.2

Who

Either pilot may complete this section as designated by the Pilot-in- Command.

3.3.3

When

Prior to the first flight of the day.

3.3.4

Pilot’s Expanded Procedure

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In addition to items named below, the pilot will inspect for general condition items such as loose attaching hardware, chafing or cracked skins, antennae, evidence of damage, leaks etc.

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In order to properly inspect the landing gear wells the gear doors must be opened prior to the preflight. Forward Fuselage:

Airstair door ... Check Engine inspection light ... Check Pitot tube ... Check

Side window ... Check Windshield and wiper ... Check Static port ... Clear AoA Vane (-315 series) ... Check Nose gear safety lock ... In/Flush

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Push back or other operations that require aircraft movement after _{preflight and before engine start require the ground support} personnel to secure the Nose Gear Lock and remove the Gear Pins and Gear Door Pins. Refer to section 3.9 “Push-Back Operations”. Ground communication and external power doors ... Closed Rear nose gear doors ... Check Nose wheel tires ... Check Nose gear shock strut (1-3”/no leaks) ... Check Front nose gear doors ... Open/Check Nose gear wheel well ... Check Taxi light ... Check Radome/Nose pod ... Check Outflow vent ... Clear Oxygen overboard discharge disc ... Intact Static port ... Clear Windshield and wiper ... Check Side window ... Check AoA Vane (-315 series) ... Check Pitot tube ... Check Engine inspection light ... Check Lavatory service door ... Closed/Secure Forward egress light ... Check Forward emergency exit ... Check/Secure Mid-cabin egress light ... Check Mid-cabin emergency egress exit ... Closed/Secure Right Wing and Nacelle

Inboard deice boot ... Check Fuel tank drain valves ...Sample

Aux fuel tank magna-sticks ... Secure

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Check Security and condition of all magna-sticks. If necessary, verify fuel quantity by use of the magna-sticks. Engine inboard panels and cowls ... Secure Inboard nacelle drains ... Clear Oil cooler door ... Check Prop blades and spinner (do not move or twist blades in hub) ... Check Engine intake ... Check Engine outboard panels and cowls ... Secure Outboard nacelle drains ... Clear Wing inspection light... Check Landing lights ... Check Outboard deice boots ... check Stall strip ... Secure Stall warning transducer ... Check Main fuel tank magna-sticks ... Secure Fuel tank drain valves ...Sample Fuel tank NACA vents ... Clear Wingtip and Nav lights ... Check Aileron and trim tab ... Check Static wicks (5) ... Check Flaps and track fairings ... Check AC contactor box and panel ... Check/Secure AC power receptacle door... Closed Refuel/Defuel selector switch ... OFF Refuel/defuel panel door ... Closed Landing gear ... Check

Downlock pin and Door Pin ... Remove Tires ... Check Brake lines ... Check Brake wear indicators ... Check Shock strut (2-6”/no leaks) ... Check Hydraulic quantity (3 qts min) ... Check Pump handle ... Stowed AC contactor box and panel ... Check/Secure AC power receptacle door... Closed

Landing gear rear doors ... Check Landing gear door pin ... Remove Inboard flap ... Check Right Aft Fuselage

Parking brake accumulator pressure (1500 psi min) ... Check Ram air inlet (dorsal NACA vent) ... Clear Drain mast ... Check Rear fuselage access door ... Closed/Secure Center door ... Closed/Secure Empennage

Vertical stabilizer and deice boots ... Check Right horizontal stabilizer and deice boots ... Check Vortex generators (3) ... Check Right elevator ... Check Right elevator static wicks (4) ... Check Right elevator spring and trim tabs ... Check Fore and trailing rudders ... Check Rudder static wicks (6) ... Check Nav lights ... Check Strobe light ... Check Rear outflow screen ... Check Roll spoilers (right wing) ... Retracted Engine exhaust (#2 engine) ... Clear Fore and trailing rudders ... Check Left elevator ... Check Left elevator static wicks (4) ... Check Left elevator spring and trim tabs ... Check Left horizontal stabilizer and deice boots ... Check Vortex generators (3) ... Check Vertical stabilizer and deice boots ... Check Left Aft Fuselage

Ram air inlet (dorsal NACA vent) ... Clear Baggage door ... Closed/Secure Engine fire bottle discharge discs (2) ... Intact Outside air temp probe ... Clean

Left Wing and Nacelle

Inboard flap ... Check Aux Fuel tank drain valves ...Sample Aux fuel tank magna-sticks ... Secure Landing gear rear doors ... Check Landing gear door pin ... Remove Landing gear ... Check Downlock pin and Door Pin ... Remove Tires ... Check Brake lines ... Check Brake wear indicators ... Check Shock strut (2-6”/no leaks) ... Check Hydraulic quantity (1.5 qts min) ... Check Engine inboard panels and cowls ... Secure Inboard nacelle drains ... Clear Oil cooler door ... Check Engine intake ... Check Outboard nacelle drains ... Clear Engine outboard panels and cowls ... Secure Wing inspection light... Check Flaps and track fairings ... Check Aileron and trim tab ... Check Static wicks (5) ... Check Fuel tank NACA vents ... Clear Wingtip and Nav lights ... Check Stall warning transducer ... Check Outboard deice boots ... check Stall strip ... Secure Main fuel tank magna-sticks ... Secure Landing lights ... Check Prop blades and spinner (do not move or twist blades in hub) ... Check Inboard deice boot ... Check Forward Fuselage

Mid-cabin emergency exit ... Closed/Secure Mid-cabin egress light ... Check Airstair door egress light ... Check Landing gear pins and landing gear door pins ... Stowed in Cockpit

3.4 Cockpit Preparation

3.4.1

General

This flow and checklist are designed to ensure that all cockpit items are airworthy and configured properly for the BEFORE START – FIRST FLIGHT procedure.

3.4.2

Who

Initiated by the captain; checklist is read by the first officer.

3.4.3

When

Preceding engine start, first flight of the day.

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The Captain and FO may perform their flows simultaneously to _{complete the Cockpit Preparation items thoroughly and efficiently.} Upon completion of both crewmembers flows, the Captain calls for the checklist to be read.

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_{For Battery Starts, utilize QRH section} 1.2 as a read and do procedure.

3.4.5

Captain’s Expanded Procedure

Preflight ... Complete

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This inspection may be performed by _{either pilot the first flight of every day.} Whoever performs the inspection reads back the response.

Weight and Balance ... Complete

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The Captain will delegate who is to complete the weight and balance and _{will ensure it has been completed correctly and that both crewmembers are} informed of the weight and balance condition of the aircraft. Attention is given to elevator trim position and Speed Cards page selection at this point.

Circuit Breakers ... Checked L/R Oxygen Masks ... Checked L/R

Aircraft Documents & Log ... On Board

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Check oxygen masks and circuit breakers as you enter the cockpit before sitting down.

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Mask should be on its hangar, facing _{forward, in the NORMAL/100% position.} Conduct an operational check by ensuring positive oxygen flow to the mask.

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Check to make sure all appropriate Aircraft Manuals, Certificates, Flight Dispatch information and Flight Log Binder are on board, and all discrepancies are either cleared or deferred IAW the

Safety Equipment ... Checked

Check that all applicable safety equipment is on board and in useable condition. • Crash Axe

• Emergency Gear Extension Handle • Flotation Vests

• Smoke Goggles • Fire extinguisher • Flashlights (x2) • Portable Oxygen Bottle • Escape Rope

Battery Master/Main/Aux ... On Keep your right hand on the

landing gear handle and eyes on the landing gear indicators any time power is applied to verify that the gear are down and locked. DC Generators ... Both On Main Bus Tie ...TIE External Power ... On & Checked

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Bus voltage should be higher than battery value and the Green EXT POWER light is ON.

Caution & Advisory Lights ...Tested

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These are checked at this point, outside of the obvious flow, to ensure that all other tests will indicate properly.

POSITION INDICATION

CAUT A/P DISENG, MASTER CAUTION/MASTER WARNING lights flashes and all caution lights illuminate. Press MASTER CAUTION/MASTER WARNING light and check that lights extinguishes.

ADVSY All advisory lights illuminate.

Ice Protection ... Off Landing & Taxi Lights ...Both OFF ELT ...ARM APU Fire Detect (If Installed) ...Tested Loop Selectors ... Both Engine Fire Detection ...Tested

• TEST DETECTION switch to ENGINE 1 Observe the following:

o Engine 1 PULL FUEL OFF Handle Lights (2 Red bulbs) – Illuminate o FAULT A/B Lights (Amber) – Illuminate

o CHECK FIRE DET Warning Light (Red) – Flashes o Master Warning Light (Red) – Flashes

o Fire Warning Bell – Rings (S.O.O. 8105) • TEST DETECTION switch - Release • Repeat on ENGINE 2

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Pre-Mod 8/0235 the dual glare shield lights are _{labeled “ENGINE”. These annunciators are} linked to the SCU and are illuminated when an engine autofeather occurs.

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Post-Mod 8/0235 and -202/-315 series aircraft are labeled “ENGINE FIRE PRESS TO RESET” and linked to the fire detection circuits.

Baggage Smoke Warning ...Tested • Select TEST 1 - SMOKE detector warning light illuminates

• Repeat for TEST 2

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In some aircraft, one of the Baggage _{Smoke Detectors has been deactivated to} facilitate installation of Mission

Equipment. Test the remaining detector. Panel Lighting ... Set

Msn Pwr ... As required Ensure that the Mission Power Switch is either in the OFF position or in the GROUND Position depending on System requirements. Confer with the Mission Commander regarding power requirements.

Mission Power must be OFF prior to start.

Ignition ... Both AUTO Cabin Altitude ... Tested/Set

• Cabin Altitude Rate Control - Full counterclockwise to index mark • Cabin Altitude Mode Selector – AUTO

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Fault Light will illuminate for 2 seconds after Cabin _{Altitude Selector is selected to AUTO. If selector is} already selected to AUTO, momentarily move selector to DUMP, then select to AUTO to initiate test. • Cabin Altitude Manual Control – Full counterclockwise • Cabin Altitude Auto Function Switch - NORM

• Barometric Correction Indicator -Current altimeter setting • Cabin Altitude Control knob - Destination airport elevation

Exterior Lights ... Position Lights On

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Position Lights are normally left ON so _{that any time power is on the aircraft} people in the area will be aware of that condition.

Emergency Lights ...ARM Cabin Signs ... Both On

Temperature Control ... Set • Cabin and Flt Compartment Automatic Temperature Controls – Mid-

range

• MAN/AUTO Switches – AUTO

Bleeds ... Recirc(s) On/Bleeds OFF/MIN

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-315 Series aircraft _{incorporate a Cabin} Recirc Fan and Flight Compartment Recirc Fan. Inverters ... PRIMARY/Left/SECONDARY

Primary Inverter ... On Aux Inverter ... Left Secondary Inverter ... On AC Generators ...Both OFF AC External ... OFF GPWS Flap Override ... Guarded

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“Guarded” indicates the guard is in _{place and the underlying switch light} is OUT and dark (i.e. normal flight position).

Standby Elevator Trim ... Guarded Stall Warning ... Tested L/R Stall Warning Test Switch ... Select

• Note Stick Shaker activation.

• Fast/Slow bug moves to slow position on the associated ADI. Steering ... OFF

Enrich Switch Test (-102 series, first flight) ...Tested

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Takeoff configuration warning horn will sound during this test with PARK/EMERG BRAKE lever at park.

The Flight Control Lock must be off for this test.

Enrichment Switch Test

Switch or lever shall remain in position until procedure requires subsequent movement Switch or Lever Position Result

ENRICHMENT TEST

SWITCH Hold at P/L SW 1 ENRICH TEST LIGHT Illuminates #1 POWER LEVER MAX ENRICH TEST LIGHT Extinguishes ENGINE ECU NORM ENRICH TEST LIGHT Illuminates ENGINE ECU TOP ENRICH TEST LIGHT Extinguishes POWER LEVER FLT IDLE ENRICH TEST LIGHT Illuminates ENRICHMENT TEST

SWITCH Release Repeat procedure for the #2 Power Lever by placing the ENRICHMENT TEST SWITCH to the P/L SW 2 position.

Beta Test Lockout – (first flight) ...Tested

Beta Test Lockout

Switch, lever or button shall remain in position until procedure requires subsequent movement Switch or Lever Position Result

POWER Levers FLT IDLE

In document UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS CIENCIAS INFORMÁTICAS Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Gestión de Proyectos Facultad 5 (página 68-87)