Parte Ⅱ. Presentación
1. Presentación de ¨Ciudad difunta¨
1.4 El fenómeno de “Ciudad difunta”
Grounding and high-frequency equipotential bonding measures
Equipotential bonding within the drive system has to be established by connecting all electrical and mechanical drive components (transformer, motor and driven machine) to the grounding system. These connections are established by means of standard heavy-power PE cables, which do not need to have any special high-frequency properties.
In addition to these connections, the inverter (as the source of the high-frequency
interference) and the motor must be interconnected with respect to the high-frequency point of view:
1. Use a shielded motor cable.
2. Connect the cable shield both to the motor connector on the inverter and to the motor terminal box.
3. Use a short grounding connection from the PE terminal on the inverter to the metal frame.
The following figure illustrates all grounding and high-frequency equipotential bonding measures using an example.
①
Transformer②
Second level distribution with PE equipotential bonding③
Metal frame④
Short connection from the PE terminal to the metal frame.⑤
Electrical connection of motor cable shield and connector body.⑥
Electrical connection of motor cable shield and motor terminal box via electrically conductive PG gland.⑦
Driven machine⑧
Conventional grounding system.• Standard, heavy-power PE conductors without special high-frequency properties.
• Ensures low frequency equipotential bonding as well as protection against injury.
⑨
Foundation groundFigure 4-17 Grounding and high-frequency equipotential bonding measures in the drive system and in the plant
For general rules for EMC compliant installation see also: EMC design guidelines (http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/60612658/0/en)
Commissioning 5
5.1 Commissioning guidelines
Procedure
Proceed as follows to commission the inverter:
1. Define the requirements of your application placed on the drive.
→ (Page 58) .
2. Reset the inverter when required to the factory setting.
→ (Page 62) . 3. Check whether the
factory setting of the inverter is appropriate for your application.
If not, start with the basic commissioning.
→ (Page 68).
4. Check whether you need to adapt the functions of the terminal strip that you specify in the basic commissioning.
6. If necessary, set further functions in the inverter.
→ (Page 107) . 7. Save your settings.
→ (Page 195) .
5.2 Preparing for commissioning
Overview
Before starting commissioning, you must know the answer to the following questions:
Inverter
● What are the data specifications of my inverter?
→ SINAMICS G120D CU240D-2 Inverter (Page 23).
● What inverter interfaces are active?
→ Connections and cables (Page 37).
● How is the inverter integrated in the higher-level control system?
● How is my inverter set?
→ Inverter factory setting (Page 59).
● What technological requirements must the drive fulfill?
→ Selecting the control mode (Page 60).
→ Defining additional requirements for the application (Page 61).
Motor
● Which motor is connected to the inverter?
If you are using one of the STARTER commissioning tools or Startdrive and a SIEMENS motor, then you only need the order number of the motor. Otherwise, note down the data on the motor rating plate.
● In which region of the world will the motor be used?
- Europe IEC: 50 Hz [kW]
- North America NEMA: 60 Hz [hp] or 60 Hz [kW]
● How is the motor connected?
Pay attention to the connection of the motor (star connection [Y] or delta connection [Δ]).
Note the appropriate motor data for connecting.
● What is the ambient temperature of the motor?
For commissioning, you will need the ambient temperature of the motor if it differs by more than 10 °C from the factory setting (20 °C).
5.2.1 Inverter factory setting
Motor
The inverter is set for an induction motor when first switching on the supply voltage or after restoring the factory settings. The motor data match the technical data of the inverter.
Switching the motor on and off
The inverter is set in the factory so that after it has been switched on, the motor accelerates up to its speed setpoint in 10 seconds (referred to 1500 rpm). After it has been switched off, the motor also brakes with a ramp-down time of 10 seconds.
Figure 5-1 Switching on and switching off the motor and reversing in the factory setting
Switching the motor on and off in the jog mode
For inverters with PROFIBUS interface, operation can be switched over using digital input DI 3. The motor is either switched on and off via PROFIBUS – or operated in the jog mode via its digital inputs.
For a control command at the respective digital input, the motor rotates with ±150 rpm. The ramp-up and ramp-down times are also 10 seconds, referred to 1500 rpm.
5.2.2 Selecting the control mode
Suitable applications and typical control properties
V/f control or FCC (flux current
control) without an encoder Vector control without an
encoder Vector control with encoder Application
examples • Horizontal conveyor technology (conveyor belts, roller conveyors, chain conveyors)
• Pumps, fans, and compressors with flow characteristic
• Horizontal conveyor technology (conveyor belts, roller conveyors, chain conveyors)
• Extruder
• Centrifuges
• Pumps and compressors with displacement machines
• Vertical conveyor
technology (conveyor belts,
Induction motors Induction motors
Encoderless 1FK7 synchronous motors
Induction motors
The rated current of the motor must lie in the range of 13 % … 100 % of the rated current of the inverter.
Properties of closed-loop motor control
• The closed-loop control is insensitive to inaccurate motor data settings, e.g. the motor temperature
• Can be commissioned with just a few settings.
• Responds to speed changes with a typical settling time of
100 ms … 200 ms
• Responds to load surges with a typical settling time of 500 ms
• V/f and FCC are suitable for the following cases:
– For power-up times 0 → rated speed > 2 s
– For applications with
increasing load torque without
• The vector control makes highly efficient use of the power module, the motor and the mechanical system.
• The vector control responds to speed changes with a typical settling time of < 100 ms.
• The vector control responds to load impulses with a typical settling time of 20 ms.
• The vector control is required in the following cases:
– For power-up times 0 → rated speed < 2 s – For applications with fast and high load impulses – For heavy starting using ≤ 90 % of the stall torque of the
motor
• Typically achieves a torque accuracy of ± 5 % for 15
V/f control or FCC (flux current
control) without an encoder Vector control without an
encoder Vector control with encoder Max. output
Maximum speed = 2x rated speed of the motor
With induction motor: 1:2 With 1FK7 synchronous motor:
No field weakening
1:3
Torque
control Closed-loop torque control not
possible Torque control for speeds >
15 % of the rated speed Torque control from speeds = 0.
5.2.3 Defining additional requirements for the application
What speed limits should be set (minimum and maximum speed)?
● Minimum speed - factory setting 0 [rpm]
The minimum speed is the lowest speed of the motor independent of the speed setpoint.
A minimum speed is, for example, useful for fans or pumps.
● Maximum speed - factory setting 1500 [rpm]
The inverter limits the motor speed to this value.
What motor ramp-up time and ramp-down time are needed for the application?
The ramp-up and ramp-down time define the maximum motor acceleration when the speed setpoint changes. The ramp-up and ramp-down time is the time between motor standstill and the maximum speed, or between the maximum speed and motor standstill.
● Ramp-up time - factory setting 10 s
● Ramp-down time - factory setting 10 s
5.3 Restoring the factory setting
There are cases where something goes wrong when commissioning a drive system e.g.:
● The line voltage was interrupted during commissioning and you were not able to complete commissioning.
● You got confused during the commissioning and you can no longer understand the individual settings that you made.
● You do not know whether the inverter was already operational.
In cases such as these, reset the inverter to the factory setting.
Restoring the factory settings when the safety functions are enabled
If your inverter is using safety functions, e.g. "Safe Torque Off" or "Safely Limited Speed", then you must first always reset the safety functions.
The settings of the safety functions are protected by a password.
Settings that are not changed when restoring the factory setting
The communication settings and the settings of the motor standard (IEC/NEMA) are kept when restoring the factory setting.
Resetting the safety functions to the factory settings
If the safety functions are enabled in your inverter, then the safety function settings are password-protected. You must know the password to reset the safety function settings.
Procedure
Proceed as follows to restore the inverter safety functions to the factory settings:
1. Go online
2. Call the safety functions screen form
3. In the "Safety Integrated" screen form, press the button for restoring the factory setting.
4. Enter the correct password.
5. Switch off the inverter supply voltage.
6. Wait until all LEDs on the inverter go dark.
7. Switch on the inverter supply voltage again.
You have restored the safety function settings of your inverter to the factory settings.
Proceed as follows to restore the inverter safety functions to the factory settings:
1. p0010 = 30Set Activate reset settings.
2. p9761 = …
Enter the password for the safety functions 3. Start restoration using p970 = 5.
4. Wait until the inverter sets p0970 = 0.
5. Set p0971 = 1.
6. Wait until the inverter sets p0971 = 0.
7. Switch off the inverter supply voltage.
8. Wait until all LEDs on the inverter go dark.
9. Switch on the inverter supply voltage again.
You have restored the safety function settings of your inverter to the factory settings.
Restoring the inverter to the factory setting
ProcedureProceed as follows to reset the inverter to factory settings:
1. Go online
2. Select the button
You have reset the inverter to factory settings.
Proceed as follows to reset the inverter to factory settings:
1. Select the "Extras" menu
2. Select the "Parameter settings" menu
3. Select the entry "Restore drive to factory settings"
You have reset the inverter to factory settings.
5.4 Basic commissioning with IOP
Commissioning a 1FK7 encoderless synchronous motor
If you want to operate the inverter using a 1FK7 encoderless synchronous motor, we recommend using the STARTER for commissioning.
Basic commissioning wizard
The Basic Commissioning wizard detailed below is for Control Units with version 4.4 software or higher.
Procedure
For performing the basic commissioning of the converter with the IOP operator panel, proceed the following steps:
1. Select "Basic Commissioning..." from the Wizards menu.
2. Select "Yes" or "No" to a factory reset.
The factory reset is performed prior to saving all the parameter changes that have been made during the basic commissioning process.
3. Select the Control Mode for the attached motor.
4. Select the correct Motor Data for your Inverter and attached motor.
This data is used to calulate the correct speed and displayed values for the application.
5. Select the correct frequency for your Inverter and attached motor.
The use of the 87 Hz characteristic allows the motor to operate at 1.73 times of its normal speed.
6. At this stage the wizard will begin to ask for the data relating specifically to the attached motor. The data is obtained from the motor rating plate.
7. The Motor Data screen indicates the frequency characteristic of the attached motor.
8. Input the correct Motor Voltage from the motor rating plate.
9. Input the correct Motor Current from the motor rating plate.
10. Input the correct Power Rating from the motor rating plate.
11. Input the correct Motor Speed from the motor rating plate.
This value is given in RPM.
12. Select to run or disable Motor Data Identification function.
This function, if active, will not start until the first run command is given to the Inverter.
13. Select either zero pulse on no zero pulse for the attached encoder.
If no encoder is fitted to the motor, the option will not be displayed.
14. Enter the correct pulses per revolution for the encoder.
This information is normally printed on the casing of the encoder.
15. Select the macro that is suitable for your application.
Once selected all inputs, outputs, command sources and setpoints will be automatically configured by the software.
For further information see the section that details the precise settings for each macro. Please see installation section of this manual.
16. Set the Minimum Speed at which the attached motor should run.
17. Set the Ramp Up time in seconds.
This is the time the Inverter/motor system will take from being given the run command, to reaching the selected motor speed.
18. Set the Ramp Down time in seconds.
This is the time the Inverter/motor system will take from being given the OFF1 command, for the motor to reach a standstill.
19. A summary of all the settings is display.
If the settings are correct, select Continue.
20. The final screen gives two options:
• Save settings
• Cancel Wizard
If save is selected, a factory reset will be performed then the settings are saved to the Inverter memory. The location of safe data is assigned using the "Parameter saving mode" function in "Parameter settings" in
"Menu".
The basic commissioning of your converter is finished.
5.5 Basic commissioning with STARTER
STARTER and STARTER screen forms
STARTER is a PC-based tool to commission Siemens inverters. The graphic user interface of STARTER supports you when commissioning your inverter. Most inverter functions are combined in screen forms in STARTER.
The STARTER screen forms that are shown in this manual show general examples. The number of setting options available in screen forms depends on the particular inverter type.
Preconditions for basic commissioning
You require the following to commission the inverter using STARTER:
● An installed drive (motor and inverter)
● A computer with Windows XP or Windows 7
● The latest version of STARTER. STARTER download
(http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/view/en/10804985/133100)
● An appropriate USB cable. If you are not using the USB interface, but the PROFINET interface of the inverter, you can find information in section: Manuals for your converter (Page 292).
Overview of basic commissioning
Commissioning using STARTER includes the following basic steps:
1. Create a STARTER project
2. Integrate an inverter into the project 3. Go online and start basic commissioning 4. Carry out basic commissioning
5. Identify motor data
Steps 1-5 are described below.
5.5.1 Generating a STARTER project
Procedure
In order to create a new project, proceed as follows:
1. In the STARTER menu, select "Project" → "New…".
2. Specify a name of your choice for the project.
You have created a new STARTER project.
5.5.2 Transfer inverters connected via USB into the project
Procedure
Proceed as follows to transfer an inverter connected via USB into your project:
1. Switch on the inverter power supply.
2. First insert a USB cable into your PC and then into the inverter.
3. The PC operating system installs the USB driver when you are connecting the inverter and PC together for the first time.
– Windows 7 installs the driver automatically.
– For Windows XP you must acknowledge several system messages.
4. Start the STARTER commissioning software.
5. In STARTER, press the ("Accessible nodes") button.
6. When the USB interface is appropriately set, then the "Accessible nodes" screen form shows the inverters that can be accessed.
If you have not correctly set the USB interface, then the following "No additional nodes found" message is displayed. In this case, follow the description below.
7. Select the inverter ☑.
8. Press the "Accept" button.
You have transferred an inverter accessible via the USB interface into your project.
Setting the USB interface
ProcedureProceed as follows to set the USB interface in STARTER:
1. In this case set the "Access point" to "DEVICE (STARTER, Scout)" and the "PG/PC interface" to "S7USB".
2. Press the "Update" button.
You have set the USB interface.
STARTER now shows the inverters connected via USB.
5.5.3 Go online and start wizard for basic commissioning
Procedure
Proceed as follows to start the basic commissioning online with the converter:
1. Select your project and go online: .
2. Select the device or the devices with which you wish to go online.
3. Download the hardware configuration found online in your project (PG or PC). STARTER shows you which converter it is accessing online and which offline:
②
The converter is online③
The converter is offline4. When you are online, double-click on "Control Unit".
5. Start the wizard for basic commissioning.
You are online and have started basic commissioning.
5.5.4 Carry-out basic commissioning
Procedure
Proceed as follows to carry out basic commissioning:
1. Select the control mode.
See also Section: Selecting the control mode (Page 60) 2. Select the pre-assignment of the inverter interfaces.
The possible configurations can be found in sections: Factory settings of the inputs and outputs (Page 46) and Default settings of inputs and outputs (Page 47).
3. Select the application for the inverter:
Low overload for applications that only require a low dynamic performance, e.g.: pumps or fans.
High overload for applications requiring a high dynamic performance, e.g. conveyor systems.
4. Select your motor.
5. Enter the motor data according to the rating plate of your motor.
If you have selected a motor based on its order number, the data has already been entered.
6. If you have set the "Vector control" control mode, then we recommend setting "[1] Identify motor data at standstill and with motor rotating".
With this setting, the inverter optimizes its speed controller.
If one of the following cases is applicable, select the setting "[2] Identify motor data at standstill":
• You have selected "Vector control" as control mode; however, the motor cannot freely rotate, e.g. for mechanically limited traversing sections.
• You have set "V/f control" as control mode.
7. Set the most important parameters to suit your application.
8. We recommend the
setting "Calculate motor data only".
9. If you use an HTL encoder on the motor shaft for the speed control of the converter, either select one of the standard encoders or enter the encoder data.
See also Section: Adapting the encoder data (Page 72).
…R: Encoder with zero mark
10. Set the check mark for "RAM to ROM (save data in the drive)" to save your data in the inverter so that it is not lost when the power fails.
Exit basic commissioning.
You have entered all of the data that is necessary for the basic commissioning of your converter.
5.5.5 Adapting the encoder data
Preconditions
● You have selected an encoder type that does not precisely match your encoder, because it is not included in the list of default encoder types.
● You have completely configured the drive.
Procedure
Proceed as follows to adapt the encoder data:
1. Select the "Motor encoder" screen form.
2. Select the "Encoder data" button.
3. You have access to the following settings in the "Encoder data" screen form:
– You can change all of the encoder data.
– You can select another encoder. In this screen form, STARTER only lists the encoder types, which are permitted for the configured interface.
If you wish to set another encoder interface, then you must reconfigure the inverter.
You have adapted the encoder data.
5.5.6 Identifying motor data
Preconditions
● In the basic commissioning, you have selected the motor identification (MOT ID). In this case, after the basic commissioning has been completed, the converter issues the alarm A07991.
● The motor has cooled down to the ambient temperature.
If the motor is too hot, the motor data identification will provide incorrect values and the vector control will become unstable.
DANGER
Risk of injury or material damage as a result of machine movements when switching on the motor
Switching on the motor for identification purposes may result in hazardous machine movements.
Secure dangerous machine parts before starting motor data identification:
• Before switching on, check that no parts are loose on the machine or can be spun out.
• Before switching on, check that no parts are loose on the machine or can be spun out.