The following databases were searched for relevant RCTs published from 2000 until 26 May 2015: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and the Cochrane Collaboration, with an update search in MEDLINE to 9 December 2016. Searches were restricted to trials from 2000 onwards to ensure that up-to-date information about BBV transmission was included. Additionally, ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched to identify additional publications, including any ongoing trials in this area and related publications. These databases were searched using the search strategy with keywords described inTable 1. In addition, forward and backward searching was conducted and the reference lists of recent relevant reviews and review of reviews37,42–44,56,61were cross-checked to
verify that all relevant trials had been included in the current systematic review.
TABLE 1 Description of search terms
Database Keywords
MEDLINE Key words for population: people who inject; people who inject drugs; PWID; substance abuse;
intravenous substance abuse; injecting drug use; intravenous drug use; IDU; injection drug use; injector; IVDU; intravenous drug abuse; injecting drug abuse; injection drug abuse
Key words for BBV: blood-borne pathogens, BBV, blood-borne virus, blood-borne bacteria, HIV infection, human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, hepatitis C, hepatitis C virus, hep c, HCV, hepacivirus, hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus, HBV
Key words for intervention: psychosocialadjacent tointervention, prevention, support, rehabilitation,
treatment, or therapy; psychologicaladjacent totherapy, treatment, or intervention; CBT; cognitive
adjacent totherapy, behaviour therapy, intervention, or remediation; behaviouradjacent totherapy, control, modification, change, or intervention; psychotherapy; counseling; social support; motivational
adjacent tointervention, interview, or support; brief advice; brief intervention; familyadjacent to
therapy, intervention, or counselling, coupleadjacent totherapy, intervention, or counselling; peer
adjacent totherapy, intervention, or counselling; talking therapy; contingency management; psychoeducation; route transition; network therapy
Key words for outcomes: riskadjacent totaking, reduction, protection, minimisation, prevention,
decrease, avoidance, or behaviour; harmadjacent toreduction, protection, minimisation, prevention,
decrease, avoidance; unsafe injecting; needle sharing; intravenous injection; injectingadjacent to
equipment, paraphernalia, or risk; sexual risk behaviour; unsafe sex; multiple sexual partners; multiple casual partners; one time sex encounter; sex holiday; casual sex; casual partner; non-regular sex
partner; unprotected intercourse; unprotected sex; condomlessadjacent tosex or intercourse; condom
freeadjacent tosex or intercourse; barebacking; bareback sex; bug chase; anal intercourse; anal sex;
condom; condom use; safe sex; healthadjacent toknowledge, attitudes, or practice, or behaviour;
transmission knowledge or understanding
PsycINFO Key words for population: people who inject; people who inject drugs; PWID; substance abuse;
intravenous substance abuse; injecting drug use; intravenous drug use; IDU; injection drug use; injector; IVDU; intravenous drug abuse; injecting drug abuse; injection drug abuse
Key words for BBV: blood-borne pathogens, BBV, blood-borne virus, blood-borne bacteria, HIV infection, human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, hepatitis C, hepatitis C virus, hep c, HCV, hepacivirus, hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus, HBV
Key words for intervention: psychosocialadjacent tointervention, prevention, support, rehabilitation,
treatment, or therapy; psychologicaladjacent totherapy, treatment, or intervention; CBT; cognitive
adjacent totherapy, behaviour therapy, intervention, or remediation; behaviouradjacent totherapy, control, modification, change, or intervention; psychotherapy; counseling; social support; motivational
adjacent tointervention, interview, or support; brief advice; brief intervention; familyadjacent to
therapy, intervention, or counselling, coupleadjacent totherapy, intervention, or counselling; peer
adjacent totherapy, intervention, or counselling; talking therapy; contingency management; psychoeducation; route transition; network therapy
Key words for outcomes: riskadjacent totaking, reduction, protection, minimisation, prevention,
decrease, avoidance, or behaviour; harmadjacent toreduction, protection, minimisation, prevention,
decrease, avoidance; unsafe injecting; needle sharing; intravenous injection; injectingadjacent to
continued
DOI: 10.3310/hta21720 HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 2017 VOL. 21 NO. 72
© Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO 2017. This work was produced by Gilchristet al.under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK.
TABLE 1 Description of search terms (continued)
Database Keywords
equipment, paraphernalia, or risk; sexual risk behaviour; unsafe sex; multiple sexual partners; multiple casual partners; one time sex encounter; sex holiday; casual sex; casual partner; non-regular sex
partner; unprotected intercourse; unprotected sex; condomlessadjacent tosex or intercourse; condom
freeadjacent tosex or intercourse; barebacking; bareback sex; bug chase; anal intercourse; anal sex;
condom; condom use; safe sex; healthadjacent toknowledge, attitudes, or practice, or behaviour;
transmission knowledge or understanding
CINAHL Key words for population: people who inject; people who inject drugs; PWID; substance abuse;
intravenous substance abuse; injecting drug use; intravenous drug use; IDU; injection drug use; injector; IVDU; intravenous drug abuse; injecting drug abuse; injection drug abuse
Key words for BBV: blood-borne pathogens, BBV , blood-borne virus, blood-borne bacteria, HIV infection, human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, hepatitis C, hepatitis C virus, hep c, HCV, hepacivirus, hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus, HBV
Key words for intervention: psychosocialadjacent tointervention, prevention, support, rehabilitation,
treatment, or therapy; psychologicaladjacent totherapy, treatment, or intervention; CBT; cognitive
adjacent totherapy, behaviour therapy, intervention, or remediation; behaviouradjacent totherapy, control, modification, change, or intervention; psychotherapy; counseling; social support; skills
training; motivationaladjacent tointervention, interview, or support; brief advice; brief intervention;
familyadjacent totherapy, intervention, or counselling, coupleadjacent totherapy, intervention, or
counselling; peeradjacent totherapy, intervention, or counselling; talking therapy; contingency
management; psychoeducation; route transition; network therapy
Key words for outcomes: riskadjacent totaking, reduction, protection, minimisation, prevention,
decrease, avoidance, or behaviour; harmadjacent toreduction, protection, minimisation, prevention,
decrease, avoidance; unsafe injecting; needle sharing; intravenous injection; injectingadjacent to
equipment, paraphernalia, or risk; sexual risk behaviour; unsafe sex; multiple sexual partners; multiple casual partners; one time sex encounter; sex holiday; casual sex; casual partner; non-regular sex
partner; unprotected intercourse; unprotected sex; condomlessadjacent tosex or intercourse; condom
freeadjacent tosex or intercourse; barebacking; bareback sex; bug chase; anal intercourse; anal sex;
condom; condom use; safe sex; healthadjacent toknowledge, attitudes, or practice, or behaviour;
transmission knowledge or understanding Cochrane
Collaboration Key words for population: people who inject; people who inject drugs; PWID; substance abuse;intravenous substance abuse; injecting drug use; intravenous drug use; IDU; injection drug use;
injector; IVDU; intravenous drug abuse; injecting drug abuse; injection drug abuse
Key words for BBV: blood-borne pathogens, BBV, blood-borne virus, blood-borne bacteria, HIV infection, human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, hepatitis C, hepatitis C virus, hep c, HCV, hepacivirus, hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus, HBV
Key words for intervention: psychosocialadjacent tointervention, prevention, support, rehabilitation,
treatment, or therapy; psychologicaladjacent totherapy, treatment, or intervention; CBT; cognitive
adjacent totherapy, behaviour therapy, intervention, or remediation; behaviouradjacent totherapy, control, modification, change, or intervention; psychotherapy; counseling; social support; skills
training; motivationaladjacent tointervention, interview, or support; brief advice; brief intervention;
familyadjacent totherapy, intervention, or counselling, coupleadjacent totherapy, intervention, or
counselling; peeradjacent totherapy, intervention, or counselling; talking therapy; contingency
management; psychoeducation; route transition; network therapy
Key words for outcomes: riskadjacent totaking, reduction, protection, minimisation, prevention,
decrease, avoidance, or behaviour; harmadjacent toreduction, protection, minimisation, prevention,
decrease, avoidance; unsafe injecting; needle sharing; intravenous injection; injectingadjacent to
equipment, paraphernalia, or risk; sexual risk behaviour; unsafe sex; multiple sexual partners; multiple casual partners; one time sex encounter; sex holiday; casual sex; casual partner; non-regular sex
partner; unprotected intercourse; unprotected sex; condomlessadjacent tosex or intercourse; condom
freeadjacent tosex or intercourse; barebacking; bareback sex; bug chase; anal intercourse; anal sex;
condom; condom use; safe sex; healthadjacent toknowledge, attitudes, or practice, or behaviour;
transmission knowledge or understanding
ClinicalTrials.gov Key words for BBV: HIV, hepatitis
Key words for intervention: psychosocial, behavioral
IVDU, intravenous drug user.
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