The YDF project has its roots in the 2006 FIFA World Cup. It was launched in South Africa in 2007 and will run until 2012. The project is part of the institutional cooperation that arose between South Africa and Germany after the 2006 World Cup and is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). It is implemented by the GTZ (now known as the Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit [GIZ]. The main South African partner of the project is SRSA. The project currently operates in all nine provinces of South Africa and also in nine other African countries (Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Swaziland, and Zambia) (Youth Development through Football, 2011). According to Stofile (2010), YDF presented an opportunity to intensify and expand the work government has already undertaken with various sectors of society to ensure the achievement of strategic priorities. YDF is thus a football project aimed at the development of South African youth, the project aims to support socially disadvantaged boys and girls and shape them positively. By utilizing the popularity of football, the YDF project seeks to promote youth and community development in economically disadvantaged communities and to afford boys and girls the opportunity to receive education and enhance their skills (Burnett, 2010: 36).
While the national partner of the YDF project is SRSA (who jointly defines and decides on the project initiatives with the GIZ), the co-funding partners of YDF are the European Union and the German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. The GIZ also works closely with South African provincial departments of arts and culture, sport and recreation and municipalities around the country. Moreover, the GIZ works with local and international NGOs in South Africa, who are viewed as collaborating partners of the projects because they implement and integrate the YDF project and courses into their own local programmes (Interview GIZ, 11 May 2011).
66 4.2.3 Green Goal 2010
Green Goal 2010, an initiative developed primarily for the duration of the 2010 World Cup, was initially conceived from the 2006 FIFA World Cup Action Plan. After numerous workshops and discussion forums held in 2008, the City of Cape Town and a range of stakeholders identified key priorities for the project5 (Green Goal, 2010). As an outflow, the City of Cape Town launched its Green Goal Action Plan in 2008 with 41 projects – some of which related to the World Cup and some not6 (Interview Green Goal, 26 October 2010). Cape Town’s 2010 World Cup greening programme had the following aims:
• To raise awareness of environmental issues; • To minimise world cup waste;
• To diversify and use energy efficiently during the world; • To consume water sparingly;
• To compensate for the event’s carbon footprint; • to practice responsible tourism and;
• to construct infrastructure with future generations in mind (Green Goal action plan, 2010).
5 NGOs, business, civil society, the media, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, the 2010 Local
Organising Committee, the City of Cape Town and the Provincial Government
6 List of projects: 1. Energy efficiency and climate change: Determining the carbon footprint of the 2010 Event;
Identifying and implementing carbon mitigation project(s) in Cape Town/Western Cape; Installation of energy- efficient technologies in stadia and training venues, and at the FIFA Fan Fest and PVAs. 2. Water Conservation: Identifying alternative sources of water for irrigation of Green Point Common, and implementing most feasible option; Installation of water-saving devices in stadia (Cape Town, Athlone and Philippi) and training venues. 3. Integrated Waste Management: Operational waste minimisation in stadia, the FIFA Fan Fest™, PVAs and training venues in the run-up to and during the event; Green Goal branding of recycling bins and waste minimisation signage; Recycling drop-off centres in the CBD and on the Atlantic seaboard. 4. Transport, Mobility and Access: Development of bicycle and pedestrian facilities; Development of public transport infrastructure; CBD bicycle services; Eco-taxis/fuel-efficiency programme. 5. Landscaping and Biodiversity: Indigenous gardening training programme for Green Point Park staff; Biodiversity showcase garden at Green Point Park; Student landscape design competition for Mouille Point beachfront and promenade; City
beautification and tree-planting campaign. 6. Green building and Sustainable Lifestyles: Smart Living Centre in Green Point Park City; Undertaking and monitoring green review for Cape Town and Athlone stadia; 2010 Green Goal volunteer training module; Green Goal soccer club competition; Soccer and environment
educational poster and guide; Green Goal short films; Anti-littering and waste recycling campaign; “Drink tap water” campaign; Green procurement for 2010 events; Greening of 2010 events. 7. Responsible Tourism: Code of responsible conduct for visitors; Responsible-tourism awareness and training; Environmental certification system for accommodation sector: GreenStaySA; Smart Events Handbook. 8. Green Goal Communications: Green Goal workshop series 1 and 2; Green Goal brand development and activation; Briefing for potential Green Goal funders; Green Goal marketing and communications plan and roll-out; Green Goal ambassadors; Green Goal website and online resources; Online press resources and materials Green Goal expo; Green Goal 2010 awards. 9. Monitoring, Measuring and Reporting: Procedures and methodologies; Targets and baseline studies; Annual reports and legacy report. (Green Goal legacy report, 2011: 46-48)
67 The initiative had three overriding aims. Green Goal 2010 wanted to make sure they lowered the impact of the event on the environment so to reduce resources and resource-use. Another objective was to leverage the platform of the World Cup to increase awareness among a large sector of society. Third, the aim was to leave a positive environmental legacy. Initiatives “to green” Cape Town stadium and the Greenpoint Park, officially launched in February 2011, are examples in this regard (Interview Green Goal, 26 October 2010). Greenpoint Park, built on the western edge of Greenpoint Common and the Cape Town Stadium was designed according to ecological principles. It has a biodiversity garden showcasing the indigenous vegetation of the region as well as ponds and wetlands with spring water from the slopes of Table Mountain. Moreover future development projects for the legacy park include a Smart Living Centre to promote sustainable living in an urban environment (Green Goal legacy report, 2011: 31). The intention was to effect positive environmental, social and economic legacies beyond the World Cup.
From the perspective of Green Goal’s implementers, the 2010 World Cup offered the City Cape Town an opportunity to sensitise the local and international football communities and fans to environmental issues (Green Goal, 2010). The main partners of the Green Goal 2010 project included Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (KAS - the facilitating partner), Sustainable Energy Africa and South African Pulp and Paper Industries (SAPPI) – whom were called Green Goal contributors. Green Goal also had a specific project with South African Petroleum Industry Association (SAPIA) who sponsored the eco-driving project (Interview Green Goal, 26 October 2010). The implementation of the project was the ultimate responsibility of the City of Cape Town while KAS’s role was as facilitator (Interview KAS, 15 November 2011).