DE LA FILIACIÓN DE LOS HIJOS NACIDOS FUERA DE MATRIMONIO

designate the terminal of a three-terminal device that is shared by the input and output circuits. 2. A point that acts as the reference potential for several circuits to a ground.

common area A section in a memory that is set aside for common use by many separate programs or modu­ les.

common block A block of storage locations in a di­ gital computer which is associated with information or data required both in the main program and in a specific subprogram.

Common Business Orientated Language See COBOL.

common bus system A set of standard data, address, and control lines available to all computer modules. The use of bus interface circuits makes it possible for a user to tie in and communicate with oth­ er users.

common carrier Organizations licensed and regula­ ted by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission and/or various public utility commissions and requi­ red to supply communications services to all users at published prices.

common hub 81 communications computer common hub A common connection such as a

ground voltage that provides this voltage to other cir­ cuits that are connected.

common language A form representing informa­ tion which a machine can read and which is common to a group of computers and data-processing machi­ nes.

common language optical readers (OCR) Uni­ versally acceptable language for OCR’s adopted by most manufacturers and usually including commonly accepted character shapes.

common machine language A machine-sensible information representation which is common to a re­ lated group of data-processing machines.

common mode 1. In analog data, an interfering vol­

tage from both sides of a differential input pair (in common) to ground. 2. Signals that are identical with respect to both amplitude and time. Also used to iden­ tify the respective parts of two signals that are identi­ cal with respect to amplitude and time. 3. A high- speed modem interface name.

common mode (general) The instantaneous alge­ braic average of two signals applied to a balanced cir­ cuit, both signals referred to a common reference.

common mode gain The ratio of the output voltage of a differential amplifier to the common-mode input voltage. The common-mode gain of an ideal differen­ tial amplifier is zero.

common-mode input That signal applied in phase (i.e. common mode) equally to both inputs of a diffe­ rential amplifier.

common-mode interference A form of interferen­ ce that appears between any measuring circuit termi­ nals and ground.

common-mode output voltage The output voltage of an operational amplifier resulting from the applica­ tion of a specified voltage common to both inputs.

common-mode radio noise Conducted radio noise that appears between a common reference plane (ground) and all wires of a transmission line causing their potentials to be changed simultaneously and by the same amount relative to the common reference plane (ground).

common mode range Maximum voltage that can be applied to differential inputs with respect to ground. The maximum difference between inputs is the full-scale input range.

common mode rejection The ability of a system or a device to suppress the effect of a common mode in- put signal on its output.

common mode rejection ratio, CMRR The ratio of a specified common voltage signal at the input of a system or device to the differential input signal with the same characteristic type required to produce the same output signal. Note: The common mode rejec­ tion ratio may depend upon frequency and amplitude, and may be expressed as a ratio or in decibels as 20 ti­ mes the log of that numeric ratio.

common mode resistance The resistance between the input- and output-signal lines and circuit ground. In an isolated amplifier, this is its insulation resistan­ ce. (Common-mode resistance has no connection with common-mode rejection).

common mode signal A signal of the same ampli­ tude and phase occurring simultaneously on both si­ des of a differential input relative to a common refe­ rence. For example: common mode voltage.

common mode voltage (electromagnetic flow- meters) The voltage which exists equally between each electrode and a reference potential.

common mode voltage, CMV 1. A voltage of the

same polarity on both sides of a differential input rela­ tive to ground. 2. In a differential amplifier, that un­ wanted part of the voltage, between each input con­ nection point and ground, that is added to the voltage of each original signal.

common mode voltage gain The ratio of ac volta­ ge with respect to ground at the output terminal of an amplifier (or between the output terminals of an amp­ lifier with differential outputs) to the common-mode input voltage.

common port (valves) The port of a three-way val­ ve that connects to the other two flow paths.

common pool A dedicated area of memory used as storage and shared by various processes.

common program See common software.

common software Programs or routines which usu­ ally have common and multiple applications for many systems, such as report generators, sort routines, and conversion programs which can be used for several routines in a language common to many computers.

common-user circuit A circuit shared by two or more services, either concurrently or on a time-sha­ ring basis. It may be a unilateral, bilateral, or joint cir­ cuit.

communication The transmission of information from one point, person, or equipment to another.

communication The transfer of information and un­ derstanding from one point or person to another per- son. The basic elements in the process of communica­ tion are an information source, encoding, transmis­ sion, reception, and decoding.

communication band The band of frequencies due to the modulation (including keying) necessary for a given type of transmission.

communication channel Part of a radio or wire cir­ cuit, or a combination of wire and radio which con­ nects two or more terminals.

communication common carrier A company whose business is to supply communication facilities to the public.

communication conductor In electrical communi­ cations, a conductor with relatively low electrical re­ sistance, such as copper wire, to link sending and re­ ceiving points. These points use a translating device (e.g. telephone) to send and receive the intelligence of the signal.

communication control character Refers to a specific character which designates the operation to be performed by some peripheral device. As with oth­ er characters it is represented by a pattern of printed binary digits or holes in tapes or cards. Its execution usually causes control changes on printers.

communication element (field bus) Part of a field bus device which communicates with other elements via the bus.

communication function Pertaining to program­ mable controller system, the communication function provides the data exchange with other systems (third party devices), such as other programmable controller systems, robot controllers, computers etc.

communication line controller A hardware unit that performs line-control functions with a modem.

communication link 1. The means of connection

one location to another for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information. 2. A channel or circuit in- tended to connect other channels or circuits.

communications See communication.

communications computer A computer that acts as the interface between another computer or terminal

communications control unit 82 compensated control system

and a network, or a computer controlling data flow in a network.

communications control unit, CCU A small com­ puter whose only purpose is to monitor and control the flow of data communications traffic to and from the CCU’s larger, host computer. A CCU is sometimes known as a front end processor.

communications interface equipment A portion of a relay system which transmits information from the relay logic to a communications link, or converse­ ly to logic, for example, audio tone equipment, a car­ rier transmitter-receiver when an integral part of the relay system.

communications link Any of the communications media, for example, microwave, power line carrier, wire line.

communications multiplexer channel A data processing and communications coordinator. Systems equipped with a communications multiplexer channel can manage the myriad data-transfer problems inhe­ rent in complex configurations.

communications net An organization of stations capable of direct communications on a common chan­ nel or frequency.

communications protocol A set of conventions used to govern the format and content of messages between processors.

communications signal Aggregate of electromag­ netic waves propagated in a transmission channel that act on a receiving unit.

communications sink A device which receives in- formation, control, or other signals from communica­ tions source(s).

communications source A device which generates information, control, or other signals destined for communications sink(s).

communications status word A special word lo- cation in storage that contains status information.

communications system A computer system which handles on-line, real-time applications. A typi­ cal communications system would consist of the fol­ lowing: A teletype, visual display, or audioanswer­ back device connected to an ordinary telephone line through a communication multiplexer. Important ele­ ments of any communications system are the modems (modulator/demodulator).

communications traffic All messages that are transmitted and received.

communications trunk A telephone line between two central offices that is used to provide communica­ tions between subscribers.

communication switching unit A unit which al­ lows any two processors to share a group of commu­ nications lines and enables one processor to switch between different group of communication lines.

communication theory The mathematical discipli­ ne dealing with the probabilistic features of the trans- mission of messages in the presence of noise and oth­ er disturbances.

commutation Cyclic sequential sampling on a time- division basis of multiple data sources.

commutation rate The number of commutator in­ puls sampled per specified time interval.

commutation switch A device controlling the se­ quential switching operators required for multichan­ nel pulse communication systems.