assessment following a night on which my sleep may or may not have been restricted.
Screening questionnaires will ask questions about physical and mental health, sleep habits, and personality. If responses or scores on these questionnaires raise concerns about mental health, you will be contacted and given information about available resources for counselling at the Student Development Center.
During the phase 3, I understand that I must wear an Activity Monitor on my left-wrist at all times (except when showering, doing dishes, or swimming because it’s not waterproof) and that I must complete the daily sleep/wake diary on-line within 30 minutes of awakening each day. The sleep diary is available at: http://www.brocku.ca/sleeplab/sleeplab.php or can be completed on paper. I understand that I must keep a regular sleep/wake schedule during this week, retiring for bed and getting out of bed at the same times each day (typically sleeping for at least 8 hours sometime between the approximate hours of 11pm and 8am). I understand that I should not stay up late or sleep in on any days during this week. Further, I understand that I should eat regularly and minimize alcohol intake for the week.
The diary and activity watch data will be examined to verify compliance with instructions to sleep regularly. I understand that there will be no compensation for the pre-study screening described above if I am deemed ineligible to participate or if I choose not to participate in the laboratory study (phase 4 above). If I withdraw or I am withdrawn by experimenters at this part of the study, my information will be destroyed.
Prior to the main study in the Sleep Laboratory (phase 4 above), I understand that I must:
be in bed between 11pm and 07 am (getting out of bed at 07am sharp) on the prior night
drink no alcohol on the prior night
drink no caffeine on the day of the study
take no naps on the day of the study
obtain no vigorous exercise on the day of the study
I understand that I will be informed as to whether I am in the Sleep group (sleep 8 hrs; time in bed is set at 11pm to 7am) or Sleep Restriction group (sleep 4 hours; time in bed is restricted to 3am-7am) by ee-mail on the day before the main study, and that I must reply to that e-mail message to verify receipt. I understand that I will also be sent study reminders by email. If assigned to the Sleep Restriction group, I understand that:
I can expect to feel sleepy on the next day
I must schedule extra time to sleep on the evening following the laboratory study
I must not drive to or from the laboratory that day (this is because sleep loss impairs cognitive function including motor ability, response time, and attention which may lead to an increased risk of accidents while driving, operating machinery, etc). If you live on campus, a research assistant will walk you back
to your residence. You are encouraged to arrange someone to drive you to campus and pick you up on this day. If you cannot arrange a ride, a taxi service will be provided.
On the day of the main study, I understand that I must eat breakfast soon after awakening, and eat lunch at 12:00 noon. I must arrive to the Sleep Lab (MC-B416 – 4th floor above Psyc Dept) at 1pm sharp.
During the main study day, I understand that my brain activity will be monitored using an electrode cap, and that additional electrodes will be taped on my face (near eyes, under chin, and on chest) to monitor eye movements, muscle activity and heart rate.
During the main study day, I understand that I will perform a variety of computerized tasks designed to measure processing of emotional faces and picture scenes. In addition, I will play a computerized game of competition that is designed to examine the effects of sleepiness on game playing.Further, I understand that I will complete various surveys to provide subjective information on alertness, mood, and perception of performance.
I understand that I will be asked to provide saliva samples (by spitting into a test tube) at five different times during the study to measure hormones.
PART B: INFORMATION ABOUT STUDY RISKS AND YOUR RIGHTS AS A PARTICIPANT
I understand that I may experience some skin irritation (redness and dry skin) as a result of having electrodes attached to my scalp and face. This is temporary and may be reduced by applying moisturizing cream to the areas where electrodes were placed.
If assigned to the sleep restriction condition, I understand that this level of sleep loss will cause impairments to cognitive function and mood, including motor ability, response time, and decision making. I understand that precaution must therefore be taken; specifically, I should not drive or operate machinery. At the end of the study, I understand that I should return home immediately and plan to get extra sleep that night by planning to go to bed earlier and wake up later. I understand that I should normally feel rested again after one night of sleep, but that I should continue to extend sleep time (by going to bed earlier and getting up later, or by napping) until I feel sufficiently rested to function normally (i.e., feel alert and able to maintain wakefulness throughout the day).
I understand the importance of following the above instruction pertaining to sleep and activities, and that I may be withdrawn from the study for failure to comply with instructions. I understand that there will be no compensation if I am removed from the study for non-compliance.
I understand that the Sleep Laboratory facilities are under 24-hour video surveillance. All activities in the main laboratory, bedrooms, and the kitchen/lounge areas are recorded and stored in the Sleep Laboratory until completion of the study. The videotaped data will not be used in public presentation or advertising.
I understand that I will receive an honorarium or credit for my participation. I will be paid a total of $50 for completion of the full study, or receive 3-hrs course credit (if applicable for one of your Psychology courses). If I withdraw or do not meet study inclusion criteria after the screening procedures (phases 1 - 3), there will be no compensation. I understand that should I withdraw from the study, researchers will destroy any data that I have provided upon request.
I understand that my participation is voluntary and I may withdraw from the study at any time, for any reason, without penalty. I am under no obligation to answer any question or participate in any aspect of this project that I consider invasive, offensive, or inappropriate.
I understand that I may ask further questions at any time.
I understand that all personal data will be kept strictly confidential and all information will be coded so that my name is not associated with my answers. Only the researchers named above, and research assistants working under supervision of these researchers, will have access to the data. Data will be kept in the Sleep Research laboratory indefinitely. I understand that I am not anonymous in this study because the nature of the study requires that research assistants interact with each participant in the laboratory on a one-to-one basis and have contact information to schedule appointments.
Your signature below indicates that, you are of the age of legal consent (i.e., 17 years or older), you have read and understood the procedures of the study, and you agree to participate.
Participant’s Signature____________________________ Date __________________________
(to be signed during your visit to the Sleep Laboratory for orientation)
PART C: CONTACT INFORMATION
This research is funded by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. This study has been reviewed and cleared by the Bioscience Research Ethics Board (File # 12-174). For answers to questions about your rights as a research participant, contact the Research Ethics Officer, at (905) 688-5550 ext. 3035, or [email protected].
If you have any questions or concerns about your participation in the study you may contact the Principle Investigator, Dr. Kimberly Cote in the Psychology Department at (905) 688-5550, extension 4806.
No individual feedback from the sleep study or performance data may be provided at any time. Feedback about the outcome of the study will be available by request after final publication of the data (email: [email protected]).
Please take a copy of this form with you for future reference. IF YOU NEED TO
CONTACT THE LABORATORY REGARDING YOUR APPOINTMENT OR STUDY PROCEDURES, PLEASE CALL US AT 905-688-5550, EXT. 3795.
I have fully explained the procedures of this study to the above volunteer.
Researcher’s Signature___________________________Date
_____________________________
Appendix F Table 22.
Number of Trials t-tests N170
Table 23.
Paired Samples t-test of Number of Trials N170
Table 24.
Paired Samples t-test of N170 Amplitude by Group
Control M SD Sleep Restriction M SD t df p
Happy 67.06 13.96 63.81 13.08 0.955 61 0.343
Sad 52.63 14.46 46.00 11.77 1.988 61 0.051
Fear 57.63 19.26 53.13 14.53 1.055 62 0.295
Angry 56.63 21.95 49.00 12.98 1.691 62 0.096
Controls M SD t df p
Happy vs Sad 14.44 9.53 8.57 31 <.001*
Happy vs Fear 9.44 15.61 3.42 31 0.002*
Happy vs. Angry 10.44 21.28 2.77 31 0.009*
Sad vs Fear -5.00 16.11 -1.76 31 0.089
Sad vs Angry -4.00 22.94 -0.99 31 0.332
Fear vs Angry 1.00 17.72 0.32 31 0.752
Sleep Restriction M SD t df p
Happy vs Sad 18.60 13.11 7.77 29 <.001*
Happy vs Fear 10.26 12.14 4.71 30 <.001*
Happy vs. Angry 14.90 11.62 2.09 30 <.001*
Sad vs Fear -7.84 14.25 -3.06 30 0.005*
Sad vs Angry -3.03 10.03 -1.68 30 0.103
Fear vs Angry 4.13 12.37 1.89 31 0.069
Table 25.
Latency t-tests for N170 Amplitude
Table 26.
Number of Trials t-test for LPP Amplitude
Controls M SD t df p
Happy vs Sad 0.13 2.41 0.30 31 0.765
Happy vs Fear -0.09 2.67 -0.20 31 0.843
Happy vs. Angry 0.89 2.70 1.86 31 0.073
Sad vs Fear -0.22 1.99 -0.63 31 0.531
Sad vs Angry 0.76 2.77 1.55 31 0.130
Fear vs Angry 0.98 2.71 2.05 31 0.049*
Sleep Restriction M SD t df p
Happy vs Sad 0.63 2.48 1.40 29 0.172
Happy vs Fear -0.77 1.94 -2.21 30 0.035*
Happy vs. Angry -0.59 1.96 -1.68 30 0.103
Sad vs Fear -1.17 2.26 -2.89 30 0.007*
Sad vs Angry -1.11 2.49 -2.49 30 0.018*
Fear vs Angry 0.09 2.35 0.21 31 0.833
Control M SD Sleep Restriction M SD t df p
Happy 170.84 14.98 173.07 13.30 -0.622 61 0.537
Sad 169.38 13.44 173.36 14.58 -1.127 61 0.264
Fear 169.03 8.94 172.72 15.04 -1.192 62 0.238
Angry 170.63 14.93 171.66 11.57 -0.309 62 0.758
Control M SD Sleep Restriction M SD t df p
Postive 39.00 7.20 37.20 9.49 0.90 70 0.374
Neutral 26.06 7.31 26.78 7.50 1.31 70 0.196
Negative 41.06 8.33 38.89 7.83 1.14 70 0.260