Fondo Municipal de Gestión de Riesgo de Desastres– FMGRD

Globalization brings with it a number of problems and challenges. It looks that the globalized world is in a state from which it is no longer possible to continue in the same direction. (Lawn and Clarke, 2010)

In the Western world in the political area we can see a slump in the political centre and strengthening of extremism and the left and right wing of the political spectrum. The evidence is the growth of extremist parties such as Golden Dawn in Greece, the True Finns in Finland, Jobbik in Hungary, as well as the Podemos party in Spain, the Tea Party in the US. The common feature of these parties is a critique of neo-liberal policies. At the same time, in parallel with these national and nationalist movements often arise regional or local structures, which benefit from the know-how and technology of the globalized world, and they create smaller interconnected economic and social structures. The essential feature of these local structures is not an effort to achieve the highest profits, as in the global economy. The bodies of local economies can recognize more easily their interdependence and connectedness, which contributes to their social nature compared to the predatory global market. An interesting phenomenon is the promotion of such localization trends by large companies, often of corporate character. Companies are integrated into these processes by different forms of support such as financial contributions in the areas of public space, providing their workers in the form of corporate volunteering. We are seeing a process of "humanization of the economy." (Ivanová, 2015)

2.1 Relocalization

The developed world passes not only through the stretching crisis, but simultaneously also through a long-term transformation and shift from globalization to re-localization, ie. the new normal structuring of the economy, industry organizations and new business models. While new concepts, ideas, innovations and information are generated globally, their transformation into new products and services is realized and "tailor-made" according to local conditions, preferences, needs and demands. Globalization becomes a concept, localization becomes the implementation. (Zelený, 2011)

There are visible processes, in which technology and know-how developed globally enable local economies to be more independent. There is a shift from global (and often remote) production to local production.

Relocation represents a new standard, a new way of life, a new world. It is based on new technology, new knowledge and perception of the world. Driving characteristics of

 Self-organization and self-service

 Exclusion of intermediaries and brokers (disintermediation)  Individualization and mass customization (Mass Customization)  High technology - Knowledge instead of information (knowledge)

and a number of additional, secondary and derivative manifestations and consequences. The relationship between users and providers must be direct without redundant and unnecessary intermediaries. Relocalization transforms global information into local knowledge, i.e. shares.

According to the Zelený, relocalization takes place at several levels: global and international companies in the global localization (glocalization) adapt their products to local conditions, for example McDonald's, Starbucks, Tesco, Dell, etc. In the US, there is an established term of local sourcing (use of local resources) where supermarkets complement their assortment from immediate surroundings (up to 30 miles), so that they have fresh and local preferred goods, especially food. (Lysak, 2003) This process is also seen as a consumer support of local agriculture and industry, regional economy and creation of self sufficient communities. (Amin, and Robins, 1990) As outsourcing was the feature of the globalization process, insourcing (use of internal resources) is a feature of relocalization. In English supermarkets, such as Waitrose and Asda, local assortment has become prevalent (eg. 2,150 products from 465 local businesses in Waitrose). Relocation takes place also in India, where some cars are actually assembled locally, i.e. the sampling site. Multicenter networks with autonomous "hubs" tend to develop. In New York, the distribution of food within the network FreshDirect is based on local production, which is the case also in several restaurants. (Zelený, 2011)

2.1.1 Local currency systems

A feature of relocalization is the creation of local currency systems, which operate alongside state financial systems. The aims of complementary currencies are mainly

 cooperation (as opposed to competition in the global environment)  development of small and medium-sized local businesses

 development of the local market

Local currency systems are able to provide a credible exchange means in times of instability of state money and are able to contribute to the increase of financial stability (Lietaer, B. at all 2009). In the world, there is a number of initiatives with the effort to create a local currency. In 2003 there were registered around 4000 of them. (Costanza, R. 2003)

2.1.2 Ethical regional banking

Within relocation trends, there arise banks, whose primary objective is not to make profit. Their mission is to create social and environmental values by selecting the projects in which they invest. Banks often work in the cooperative principle, i.e. depositors are also partly owners of the bank and have the right to decide on some of the bank's intentions. The bank offers less or no income, but guarantees that the money is invested in projects that have a social value. Examples of such banks include Crédit Municipal in France, or YAK in Sweden.

2.1.3 Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)

In agriculture, there is also linking producers with buyers. There arise models of Community Supported Agriculture (CSA). It is a socio-economic system where the customer becomes simultaneously an investor and therefore a part of the community. CSA systems are based on high quality fresh local food. CSA systems are not limited to the supply of food but they provide many services such as education or leisure activities. (Cone and Myhre, 2000)

3 Conclusion

The world is currently experiencing a major transformation. As a response in the unstable and highly competitive global environment, there occur smaller structures of regional character, whose objectives are primarily of social and environmental nature. There is relocalization of economy, which will result in enhancing the vitality of the regions as some more autonomous economic units. With the declining power of the state it is to be expected that these local structures will partly take over the functions of the state in the social sector.

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THE RELATIONS AND THE IMPACT OF