Tables 22 and 23 present a resultant triangulation matrix that lists high-level requirements on one dimension and the three different analysis and validation methods on the other dimension. Table 22 provides an overview of the identified functional requirements and table 23 an overview of the identified non-functional requirements. The most critical identified requirements were related to the deliverance of information about accessible offers (Search for accessible tourism offers / Insert accessible tourism offers). This is related to the main goal of the Web Application conceptualize in this project and the fact that information is a crucial factor for tourism.
Both triangulation matrixes indicate which of the methods was responsible for the identification of the requirement (x); and after its identification, if it had confirmation by one of the subsequent methods (+) or if it was not considered (NA). The three research sources utilized were (i) literature review; (ii) accessibility analyzes of hotels websites; and (iii) content analysis of concurrent platforms. According to both triangulation matrixes presented in tables 22 and 23, the results of some parts of the study were indeed validated by the results from other parts, and all parts combined contributed to understanding what requirements should be present during the conceptualization process of the system. It is important to note that the second research method only displayed non-functional requirements because automated tools were used to evaluate website accessibility.
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Table 22- Triangulation matrix based on three different analysis and validation methods with the final list of functional requirements of a Web Application for accessible tourism
Actors/ Functional Requirements Identified Research Sources
Literature review Website analysis Concurrent platforms analysis Visitor:
Search for accessible tourism offers
—about adapted bedrooms x NA +
—about adapted bathrooms x NA +
— about parking for people with disabilities NA x
— about step-free access to the buildings (elevator/ramp) x NA +
—about accessibility to rooms or other facilities available x NA +
—about outdoor experiences x NA +
—about the presence of audio guides x NA +
—about the guidance system with floor indicators x NA +
—about visual signposting x NA +
—about multimedia guides x NA +
—about upcoming events related to accessible tourism —about accessible transportation
x NA +
x
Search for accessible tourism Information/Communication
—about support staff —available in Braille —available in sign language —available in easy language
—represented by pictograms or pictures
x x x x x NA NA NA NA NA + + + + +
—about assistance dogs’ allowance x NA +
When an offer is selected, provide the option of being accompanied by a certified interpreter
x
Build an individual profile, stating accessibility requirements /special needs x NA +
Receive offers according to the user profile and individual preference x NA
Use GPS features to help access places and navigate through it x NA
Obtain real-time information to navigate in unfamiliar environment x NA
Ask questions and receive answers in sign language (through video chats with tourism information consultants using sign language)
x NA +
Select language (the system should support at least French, German Portuguese, English, and Spanish)
x NA +
Contact non-disabled people to be part of the touristic experience and help disabled tourists enjoy most of the touristic activities
x NA +
Interact with other disabled visitors x NA +
Search about upcoming events about accessible tourism NA x
View explaining videos about system functionalities NA x
Search offers in an interactive map NA x
Filter offers by selecting accessibility criteria or indicates special requests NA x
Ask for support or request more information about the offers NA x
Share photos and video with other users and families NA x
TOURISM Organization:
Insert/Update/Delete accessible tourism offers x NA +
Insert/Update/Delete accessible tourism information/communication x NA +
Display contacts (cellphone contact) in case of doubts NA x
Provide the availability of the offers NA x
Provide more details about an offer in an accessibility PDF report NA x
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Table 23- Triangulation matrix based on three different analysis and validation methods with a final list of non-functional requirements of the Web Application for accessible tourism
Non-Functional and Accessibility Requirements Identified Research Sources Literature review Website analysis Concurrent platforms analysis Integrate content from the broadest possible range of reliable sources, addressing the
multifaceted needs of a wide range of users
x
Maintain every personal tourist data safe x
Allow Interoperability with other systems x +
Present a structured browsing system x + +
Use Vocabulary as simple as possible (Special attention to the use of technical and scientific language)
x +
Match user profiles with the correct type of offers and information x +
The system should be compatible with the use of assistive technologies
—Allow the utilization of screen readers
—Allow the utilization of software that converts text to braille —Allow the utilization of text to voice software
—Allow the utilization of Voice recognition software
—Allow the integration with alternative keyboards
x x x x x + + + + + + + + + +
Present an option that allows the user to listen to what is written x
Present an option to view features in black and white x
Present an option to view standard content presented in sign language x +
Interact with the platform using movement recognizing and motion capture x
Improve forms marking by showing marks on the edges of the pages x
Insert links, menus and links’ text marking x
Provide an alternative to text in images x +
Provide a text alternative to all non-text content that is presented
—text that provides a brief description of the non-text content —text that identifies the purpose of the non-text content
x x
+ + Information and structure can be programmatically determined or are available in
text
x
Resize text without assistive technologies
—Support Browser Zoom
—Ensure that there is no loss of content or functionality when the text resizes
x x
Present content in an order that ensures meaning and operability
—Place interactive elements in an order that follows sequences —Insert dynamic content
x x
The purpose of each link is explained
—Provide text describing elements of images with links —Provide text describing links
—Provide button labels that describe the purpose of the button
x x x
Insert Headings and labels that correctly describe topic or purpose x
Changes of context are initiated only by user request
—Request update of the content instead of updating automatically —Implementing automatic redirects on the server
x x
Provide Labels or instructions when content requires user input x
Modify or delete user-controllable data in data storage systems
—Providing the ability for the user to review and correct answers —Providing the ability to recover deleted information
—Providing a checkbox in addition to a submit button
—Requesting confirmation to continue with the selected action
x x x x x, identify; +, confirm;
Two different actors were identified: Visitors and Tourism Organizations. These two types of actors are directly related to the demand and offer for this type of platforms. Visitors have an individualized home page, which can only be accessed by themselves or by a caretaker (friend or familiar), through a login system. This way, visitors can create a personalized profile, stating for example type of disability or special needs. Visitors interact with the system by searching accessible tourism offers.
84 An offer can only be searched by a Visitor if a Tourism organization inserts it on the system. Tourism organizations can be of different types and can set various offers in the system, as long as all descriptions about accessible conditions are provided.
The triangulation approach has two main goals: confirm results with data from different sources, and aggregate data to obtain a complete system. Validation is achieved when results from one research method are confirmed by results from other methods. Complementation of results is achieved when one research method presents results which have not been found with another method. It is interesting to note that most of the requirements elicited with the literature review are validated by the findings in the analysis of concurrent platforms.
The used methodological approach of requirements triangulation contributed to the validation and completion requirements for the system, but it also allowed to look across all methods used and decide what requirements are critical for the system success. On the functional requirements, notoriety for the search/input of accessible tourism offers and information: i) Search for accessible tourism offers, Information, and Communication; ii) Insert/Update/Delete accessible tourism offers, information, and communication). The non-functional requirements presented in all three research sources should be given special attention. The matrix identified two crucial requirements: i) the compatibility of the system with assistive technologies and ii) the implementation of structured browsing system, for searching about accessible tourism offers and information. These four requirements must be present on the conceptualized Web application.