Attributes found under the top five in most target countries were elegant, clean, organised and modern.
Question 30: Which of the following adjectives / attributes best describe your idea of Europe? Students were asked which attributes best described their idea of Europe, out of a list of adjectives offered (see table 1.42). All in all, there were large differences between responses from the six target countries. While in most target countries a majority of students agreed to some of the adjectives as good descriptors for the EU the level of agreement to individual adjectives were only one third or less in Thailand. In detail,
– students from Brazil associated with Europe most often the attributes organised (84%), elegant (72%), clean (64%), trustworthy (61%) and modern (58%);
– Chinese most often stated elegant (78%), clean (56%), peaceful (48%), open-minded (46%), modern (44%) and elitist (44%);
– Indians saw Europe as modern (64%), clean (56%), organised (52%), elegant (47%), peaceful (45%) and open-minded (45%),
– Mexicans found Europe most often organised (76%), open-minded (70%), clean (62%), modern (61%) and elegant (60%);
– Russians primarily stated modern (59%), organised (55%), clean (40%), trustworthy (40%) and lively (40%);
– Thais characterised Europe most often with the adjectives organised (31%), modern (31%), elegant (29%), clean (26%) and trustworthy (24%).
Table 1.42 (All students from the target countries)
Adjectives / attributes most appropriate to describe the students' idea of Europe - by country of origin (percentages, multiple response possible) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Country of origin Total
Brazil ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ China India Mexico Russia Thailand
organised 84 38 52 76 55 31 56 elegant 72 78 47 60 28 29 54 modern 58 44 64 61 59 31 52 clean 64 56 56 62 40 26 51 trustworthy 61 41 25 47 40 24 41 open-minded 35 46 45 70 35 8 39 innovative 40 36 37 56 35 19 37 peaceful 32 48 45 38 21 23 34 lively 39 38 41 21 40 17 32 fun 31 33 34 36 12 12 27 elitist 21 44 19 12 23 10 22 tolerant 18 35 14 39 10 12 22 conservative 38 8 21 16 17 18 20 rigid 21 5 12 7 10 10 11 bureaucratic 13 6 19 6 5 18 11 other attribute 7 3 4 10 4 5 6 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total 632 558 535 615 435 295 514 Count (n) (3133) (3058) (1806) (2420) (2022) (2836) (15275) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Student questionnaire on "Perceptions of European Higher Education in Third Countries" Question 30: Which of the following adjectives / attributes best describe your idea of Europe? Sample: Students responding to paper based surveys and respondents to the online survey
Attributes found under the top five in most target countries were elegant, clean, organised and modern. Chinese and Indian considered Europe more often as peaceful and open-minded than students from most other target countries. Other attributes with a positive connotation found relatively little agreement:
– innovative (19 to 37 % of respondents in Asia and Russia);
– lively and fun (12% to 41%, with only India and Russia slightly over 40%); – elitist (10 to 23%, except for Chinese, 44%);
– tolerant (10 to 18 percent for Russia, Brazil, India and Thailand; Mexico and China were slightly higher with 39 and 35% respectively).
The image of Europe in the mind of students from non-target countries was quite similar to the respondents from target countries with regard to the most frequently mentioned attributes. 60 percent and more considered Europe as organised, modern, clean, open-minded and elegant. However, some differences by home region could be observed (see table 1.43).
Compared to students from China, India and Thailand, participants from other Asian countries more often chose the attributes clean (66%), peaceful (64%), open-minded and organised (61% each) than students from China, India and Thailand. Non-target Latin American countries compare with Brazil and Mexico in regarding Europe as organised (82%), clean (69%), elegant (64%) and modern (62%) and with Mexico in the perception of Europe as open-minded.
In addition to these results,
– North Americans and Australians considered Europe more often as lively and fun than other respondents, but less often as organised, clean and trustworthy. Australian most often stated Europe as elegant (75%), most North Americans chose lively (70%). Clearly above average were also tolerant and bureaucratic and, in the case of Australians, conservative.
– Students from North and Sub-Saharan Africa agreed that Europe was best described as organised and modern, but there were also some differences: Two thirds of the Sub-Saharan Africans compared to less than half of their northern neighbours described Europeans as innovative, while percentages were the opposite in the case of open-minded.
Table 1.43 (All respondents to the global online survey from non-target countries)
Adjectives / attributes most appropriate to describe the students' idea of Europe - by region of origin (percentages, multiple response possible) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Country of origin Total
Other Other Africa North North Aus-
Asia Latin Sub- Africa America tralia,
America sahara and Oceania
Middle East ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ organised 61 82 79 67 51 55 69 elegant 64 64 50 57 60 75 60 modern 61 62 68 73 59 63 64 clean 66 69 57 63 57 41 63 trustworthy 47 55 50 40 39 39 47 open-minded 61 71 48 64 64 67 61 innovative 50 55 65 44 58 58 55 peaceful 64 46 64 61 56 45 58 lively 47 23 53 49 70 72 47 fun 35 31 33 30 63 63 37 elitist 21 15 22 15 20 23 19 tolerant 33 43 35 33 48 54 38 conservative 20 18 30 16 19 27 21 rigid 8 9 8 9 6 6 8 bureaucratic 13 8 19 9 34 34 16 other attribute 12 15 8 9 19 29 13 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total 664 666 689 639 722 749 677 Count (n) (622) (486) (440) (221) (227) (83) (2079) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Student questionnaire on "Perceptions of European Higher Education in Third Countries" Question 30: Which of the following adjectives / attributes best describe your idea of Europe? Sample: Students responding to the online survey
International students in the US draw a somewhat different picture of Europe (see table 1.44). They preferred aspects related to life-style like elegant, fun and lively to describe their idea of Europe. Regarding the individual home regions, there were substantial differences between respondents studying in the US and participants in other surveys: consensus could be found among all Latin Americans perceiving Europe as elegant, while students from that region responding to the US study more often stated fun (55%) as suitable description for Europe, compared to only one third surveyed in the target countries or with the help of an online questionnaire. On the other hand, more than three quarters of the latter found Europe organised compared to only 38 percent of the Latin Americans studying in the US.
Students in the US originating from China were in relative accordance with other Chinese respondents in describing Europe as elegant, peaceful and clean. Broad differences occurred regarding the attributes conservative, which was chosen by more than half of the Chinese
students in the US compared to one out of ten of the other Chinese participants, and open- minded, which was seen vice versa.
Indians studying in the US as well as their compatriots at home described Europeans as elegant and clean. Further considerations of the Indian students in the US were conservative (51%), fun (49%) and lively (47%).
There was large agreement among African respondents thinking about Europe as modern, peaceful elegant and clean. US students from North Africa more often stated Europe as organised (46%) and clean (42%), while Sub-Saharan Africans rather chose fun (59%) and lively (48%).
Table 1.44 (Foreign students in the US)
Adjectives/attributes most appropriate to describe the students' idea of Europe - by region of origin (percentages, multiple response possible) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Region of origin Total
Europe Latin Africa North China India Other Other
America Sub- Africa Asia (Canada/
Sahara and Austra-
Middle lia/ East Oceania) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ organised 31 38 34 46 35 36 27 33 33 elegant 76 77 69 62 80 64 71 89 73 modern 56 34 62 65 33 42 25 22 42 clean 36 26 48 42 59 58 35 56 42 trustworthy 30 26 14 15 33 26 12 22 24 open-minded 55 58 45 23 14 23 31 78 39 innovative 33 23 21 31 22 17 15 33 23 peaceful 48 28 52 42 59 38 35 56 43 lively 69 34 48 35 22 47 47 67 48 fun 62 55 59 35 29 49 40 78 49 elitist 31 36 31 35 24 40 27 33 31 tolerant 39 30 17 23 8 30 19 33 26 conservative 28 30 41 27 53 51 38 11 37 rigid 10 21 21 15 27 17 21 11 18 bureaucratic 49 32 45 23 16 40 28 11 35 other attribute 8 8 0 0 2 8 6 11 6 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total 662 557 607 519 516 585 478 644 569 Count (n) (112) (53) (29) (26) (51) (53) (89) (9) (422) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Survey on international students in the United States