3.9 Análisis de los competidores
4.7.4 Formas de promoción digital
individual shares at least one trait with another individual. This resulted in
varying amounts of shared traits between different individuals (table 10 – see
appendix 3). Therefore, in order to separate the possibly related individuals from
individuals expressing the same traits by chance or environmental factors, a
breakpoint was included in the analyses. When individuals shared five or more
traits, the similarity is assumed not to be random but to express a possible
degree of relatedness. No researchers have yet used this breakpoint so it might
be useful for future research to establish the most accurate and precise
breakpoint using the parish records to compare known relatives.
70 Using this breakpoint, individual MB11S446V0944 (nr. 1) shares five traits with individual MB11S229V0324 (nr. 13) and six traits with individual MB11S198V0601 (nr. 29). Individual MB11S236V0335 (nr. 7) shares five traits with individual MB11S198V0601 (nr. 29). Individual MB11S369V0886 (nr. 9) shares five traits with individual MB11S151V0666 (nr. 22) and five traits with individual MB11S198V0601 (nr. 29). Individual MB11S229V0324 (nr. 13) shares six traits with individual MB11S151V0666 (nr. 22), five traits with MB11S446V0944 (nr. 1), eight traits with individual MB11S198V0601 (nr. 29), six traits with individual MB11S379V0851 (nr. 39), and five traits with individual MB11S502V1062 (nr. 43). Individual MB11S151V0666 (nr. 22) shares five traits with individual MB11S369V0886 (nr. 9), six traits with individual MB11S229V0324 (nr. 13), seven traits with individual MB11S198V0601 (nr. 29), six traits with individual MB11S379V0851 (nr. 39), and five traits with individual MB11S502V1062 (nr. 43). Individual MB11S198V0601 (nr. 29) shares six traits with individual MB11S446V0944 (nr. 1), five traits with individual MB11S236V0335 (nr. 7), eight traits with individual MB11S229V0324 (nr. 13), seven traits with individual MB11S151V0666 (nr. 22), five traits with individual MB11S505V1095 (nr. 37), and eight traits with individual MB11S502V1062 (nr. 43). Individual MB11S505V1095 (nr. 37) shares five traits with individual MB11S198V0601 (nr. 29). Individual MB11S379V0851 (nr. 39) shares six traits with individual MB11S151V0666 (nr. 22). Individual MB11S502V1062 (nr. 43) shares five traits with individual MB11S229V0324 (nr. 13), five traits with individual MB11S151V0666 (nr. 22), and eight traits with individual MB11S198V0601 (nr. 29)
(table 11 – see appendix 3).
71 After analyzing of the shared traits between the individuals from the Middenbeemster sample, figure 8 was created to schematically summarize the findings.
39 –
–
– – 6 ––
– – 22 – 5 –9 37 \ \ / /\ I / 1 = MB11S446V0944 \ \ / / \ I / 7 = MB11S236V0335 \ \ / / \ I / 9 = MB11S369V0886 6 6 5 6 7 I 5 13 = MB11S229V0324 \ \ / / \ I / 22 = MB11S151V0666 \ / \ / \I/ 29 = MB11S198V0601 \ \ 13–
–
8– – 29–
–
5– – 7 37 = MB11S505V1095 \ \ \ \ / / 39 = MB11S379V0851 \ \ \ \ / / 43 = MB11S502V1062 \ \ \ 5 6 / \ \ \ \ / / \ \ 5 \/ 8 \ \ \ 1 / \ \ \ / \ \ \/ 43Fig. 8. The amount of shared traits between different individuals from the Middenbeemster sample.
The premise of the use of dental nonmetric traits for intracemetary identification of relatives, is that the more traits that are shared, the more likely it is that there is a closer genetic relationship. Individuals MB11S229V0324 (nr. 13) and MB11S198V0601 (nr. 29) for example share eight traits which is the highest occurrence in this study. These are especially the individuals that would have been identified with the archival data from the parish records to determine the existence and degree of genetic relatedness.
The related traits include those with a high occurrence such as the ‘tuberculum dentale’ on UI1 and the ‘absence of the hypocone’ on UM2, as well as traits with a low occurrence such as ‘D.A.R.’ on the lower canine and ‘Cusp 6’ on LM1.
4.6.3. Summary
Within the Middenbeemster sample there is a subgroup of nine individuals who are possibly partially related among each other. Because the breakpoint of five shared traits has been used,
similarity is assumed not to be random but to express a possible
degree of relatedness.
72
4.7. The spatial distribution of the dental nonmetric traits and the possible
related individuals
4.7.1. Introduction
In order to analyze whether the cemetery was kin structured, two approaches were used. Firstly, the spatial distribution of the different dental nonmetric traits and secondly, the spatial distribution of the presumed relatives as indicated by the kinship analysis were visually analyzed. This was done by highlighting the burials of interest in a map of the cemetery (fig. 9 to 29 and table 12 – see Appendix 4). These different maps were created by the use of the geographic information system (GIS) program MapInfo. The more the burials associated with a certain trait or relative are clustered, the more this indicates that the cemetery is likely kin structured. Burials will be regarded as clustered when they are lying in close proximity of each other, only separated by one burial in a vertical, horizontal or diagonal line. For four individuals, it was not possible to display their spatial position because they were not included in the MapInfo data file created by the archaeological team who excavated the cemetery.
4.7.2. The spatial distribution
It can be noticed that the spatial distribution of the different dental nonmetric traits and the spatial distribution of the presumed relatives as indicated by the kinship analysis, do not show clustering of the major part of the individuals. The burials are spread over the whole cemetery area. What does occur within both distributions are small subgroupings, mainly containing two burials. These subgroupings are visualized and described in Appendix 4.
4.7.3. Summary
It can be summarized that the spatial distribution of the different dental nonmetric traits and the possibly related individuals do not show a clustering of the major part of the individuals.
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