23 CRONOGRAMA DE ACTIVIDADES
Grafica 3. Frecuencia de procedimientos invasivos en 40 pacientes con Absceso Pulmonar.
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2.2), the key knowledge map concept model was a product of a relevant literature review (Section 2.2 and Section 3.2). In order to test the utility and application of the concept model, a single-holistic case study was adopted (Section 4.5 and Section 4.6). Figure 6.1 is the knowledge map concept model and Table 6.1 summarises the key results of research findings on the key knowledge concept model components.
Figure 6.1 Knowledge map concept model Interaction Environment Knowledge Transfer Technologies Construction Actors Knowledge Mapping Construction Processes
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Table 6.1 A summary of the key variables within the knowledge map concept model
Variables Key themes Types Examples of the components Key reasons
Interaction Environment
■ One-off construction project organisation
■ Dynamic and varied project performance
■ Unknown project-based knowledge transfer activities
■ Various project resources and interactions
■ Temporary construction project organisation
■Temporary construction project organisation for successful project like commercial buildings, education facilities, sports facilities and official buildings
■ Need of effective project-based knowledge transfer for successful project performance and project-based learning
■ All construction
actors ■construction project organisation All construction actors related to project performance within ■skills owned by each construction actor Traditional and necessary knowledge and
■ Traditional and necessary roles and tasks assigned to each construction actor
Construction Actors
■ Key project performers and managers
■ Major project-based knowledge transfer actors
■ Key project-based knowledge owners
■ Key project-based knowledge users ■ Specific construction actors
■ Some specific construction actors: construction experts like project managers, quantity surveyors, site supervisors and architects; decision- makers like project managers, architects and clients; and, end-users of building like wives, students and patients
■ More specific knowledge and skills
■ More specific and key roles, responsibilities and authorities
■ All construction processes
■All construction processes: management system-based processes like risk management processes, time management processes and cost management processes; and construction work-based processes like piling work processes, tiling work processes and concreting work processes
■ The unique characteristic of construction project as a continuum and sequence of processes
Construction Processes
■ A fundamental unit for effective project performance and management
■ Key project-based knowledge management basis
■ Specific construction processes
■ Some specific construction processes like design processes at the design phase
■ More possibility of cost reduction
■ More possibility of time reduction
■ More possibility of quality improvement ICT Mobile phone, Telephone, PDA, Radio
IBT Mobile phone, PDA, laptop MBT Mobile phone, PDA, Radio
■ Tacit knowledge transfer
technologies
SNW Social gathering and meeting, Mentor system
■ More effective tacit knowledge transfer, having communications with knowledge owners directly
ICT Mobile phone, Telephone, Homepages, Q&A system, E-mail system, KMS, MSN, PDA, Radio
IBT Mobile phone , Websites, Q&A system, E-mail system, KMS, MSN, PDA
MBT Mobile phone, PDA
Knowledge Transfer Technologies
■ Knowledge transfer supporting tools for effective project performance
■ Knowledge transfer supporting tools for effective project-based learning
■ Explicit knowledge transfer technologies
SNW Social gathering and meeting, Mentor system
■ Effective and convenient utility and access
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Key: ICT: Information Communication Technologies IBT: Internet-based Technologies MBT: Mobile-based Technologies SNW: Social Networks
PDA: Personal Digital Assistant KMS: Knowledge Management System Q&A system: Question and Answer System
As seen in Table 6.1, project-based knowledge is owned, transferred and used to effectively perform projects and to enhance project-based learning by construction actors within temporary construction project organisation, using a variety of knowledge transfer technologies. Within this context, it can be recognised that the interaction environment has been composed of three key variables: construction actors, construction processes and knowledge transfer technologies. The key research results on the key variables of knowledge map concept model are summarised below:
■ Interaction environment
The interaction environment is taken to be synonymous with the temporary construction project organisation which is made up of different construction actors (such as architects, project managers, quantity surveyors and contractors) who have different construction project-based knowledge and often operate with different resources and techniques in order to effectively perform projects and acquire project-based knowledge (Section 2.2 and Section 3.2.1).
The research findings have confirmed that temporary construction project organisation is an interaction environment where construction actors use knowledge transfer technologies in order to effectively perform construction processes through project-based knowledge transfer mechanism (Section 5.3.2.2.1). Based on the interpretation and synthesis of the case study data, the following definition of the interaction environment was presented (Section 5.3.2.2.1):
“Temporary construction project organisations require project-based knowledge to effectively perform projects where knowledge transfer
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technologies are used the project-based knowledge to effectively transfer between construction actors and their teams in order to deliver successful projects to clients.”
■ Construction actors
Construction actors are a key element of construction projects and project organisations (Section 2.2.4). Different construction actors undertake specific tasks and roles, using their own unique project-based knowledge. From this perspective, it has been argued that construction actors use knowledge transfer technologies to transfer project-based knowledge; to improve their capability and skills; and, to deliver successful projects to clients (Section 2.2.2, Section 2.2.3 and Section 2.2.4).
The research findings confirmed that construction actors are a key construction project resource. Within this context, it has been stressed that construction actors must be integrated in any knowledge mapping approach (Table, 5.6, Section 5.2.2.2.2 and Section 5.3.2.2.3). The following definition of the role of construction actors within construction project organisation was produced as follows (Section 5.3.2.2.3):
“Construction actors are a key construction project component: both as key project performers and as critical project-based knowledge owners and users within construction project and construction project organisation. Therefore, construction actors must be considered as a critical part of knowledge mapping approach.”
■ Construction processes
In Section 2.2.5, it has been stated that defined processes are a fundamental part of the successful delivery of construction projects. Construction processes were thus proposed as a key component of knowledge map concept model (Section 3.2). The research findings confirmed that construction processes must be adopted and appropriately coordinated for successful knowledge mapping (Table 5.7 and
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Section 5.3.2.2.4). Within this context, the case study research findings lead to the following synthesised definition of the role of construction processes for knowledge mapping:
“Construction processes are a key construction project component for effective project performance and project management. Within this perspective, construction processes must be considered as a critical knowledge mapping component within construction project organisations.”
■ Knowledge transfer technologies
In the literature review, it has been argued that technologies are used to effectively transfer project-based knowledge between construction actors (Section 2.2.6). Within this context, knowledge transfer technologies have been selected as a component of the knowledge map concept model (Section 3.2.3).
The results confirmed that knowledge transfer technologies must be adopted as an integral component of any knowledge mapping approach (Section 5.3.2.2.5). The following synthesised definition of the role of knowledge transfer technologies in knowledge mapping was produced (Section 5.3.2.2.5).
“Knowledge transfer technologies are used to effectively transfer project-based knowledge between construction actors and their teams within construction projects and construction project organisations. Appropriate knowledge transfer technologies must be considered as a key component for an appropriate knowledge mapping.”