CAPÍTULO 1: FUNDAMENTACIÓN TEÓRICA
1.6 Fundamentos Contables
39 Class 4 office having only outward and inward calling
service. Class 4P
Switching Office 40 Class 4 office provided human operators for both outward
and inward calling service. Class 4C
41 Switching office that provide service to small groups of
class 4 offices within a small area of a state. Class 3 Primary Center
42
Sectional centers that could provide service to
geographical regions varying in size from part of a state
to all of several states. Class 2 Sectional
43
Regional centers were the highest ranking office in the DDD network in terms of the size of the geographical are
served and the trunking options available. Class 1 Regional Center
44
Toll trunks in tandem, excluding the two terminating links at the ends of the connection.
Intermediate Links
45
A global standard for telecommunications defined by the ITU.
Common Channel Signaling System No. 7 (SS7 or C7) 46
Refers to the exchange of information between call
components required to provide and maintain service. Signaling 47
An architecture for performing out of band signaling in
support of common telephone system functions. SS7
48 Long distance access is now accomplished through an access point.
Point of Presence (POP)
49
A telecommunications term that describes the legal boundaries for the responsibility of maintaining
equipment and transmission lines. POP
50
Provide access to the SS7 network, access to databases
used by switches inside and outside the network. Signaling Points
51
Codes that are carried in signaling messages exchanged between signaling points to identify the source and
destination of each messages. Point Codes
52 Local telephone switches equipped with SS7 compatible
software and terminating signal links Service
Switching Points 53 The packet switches of the SS7 network.
Signal Transfer Points
54
It serves as an interface to telephone company databases.
Service Control Points
55 Another name for service control points.
Signal Control Points
56 Provides access from one level of the protocol to another. Primitive
CHAPTER 19 CELLULAR TELEPHONE CONCEPTS
Item s
Definitions Terms
1
The term for mobile telephone services which began in 1940s and are sometimes called Manual telephone systems.
Mobile Telephone Manual System (MTSs)
2 The frequency used by MTSs. 35 MHz-45MHz
3 Switch that was used by MTS to activate the
transceiver. Push-to-Talk
(PTT)
4
It was introduced in 1964 which used several carrier frequencies and could, therefore, handle several simultaneous mobile conversations at the same time.
Improved Mobile Telephone System (IMTS)
5
The term suggested any radio transmitter, receiver, or
transceiver that could be moved while operation. Mobile
6
The term that described a relatively small radio unit that was handled, battery powered, and easily carried by a
person moving at walking speed. Portable
7
It is similar to two-way mobile radio in that most communications occurs between base stations and
mobile units. Cellular Telephone
8
It operates on half duplex and use PTT transceivers.
Examples of two-way radio:
Citizens Band (CB)
Public land mobile radio Two-Way Radio
9
A one to one system that permits two-way simultaneous transmissions and operates the same way as the
standard wire line telephone service. Mobile Telephone
10
Hinted of a cellular telephone scheme that he referred to as simply a small-zone radio telephone system in the
July 28, 1945. E.K. Jett
11
On June 17, 1946, they introduced the first American commercial mobile radio-telephone service to private customers.
AT&T and
Southwestern Bell 12 A radio telephone service introduced by AT&T in 1947. Highway Service.
13
Unveiled the most famous mobile telephone to date: the fully mobile shoe phone in 1966 in a television show
called Get Smart. Don Adams
14
The year when FCC granted AT&T the first license to operate a developmental cellular telephone service in
Chicago. 1975
15 A satellite-based wireless personal communications satellite (PCSS)
Iridium
16 Another term for cellular telephone. Cellular Radio
17 A large geographic market area. Coverage zone
18 It is employed to increase the capacity of a mobile telephone channel.
Frequency Reuse
19
The shape that was used because it provides the most effective transmission by approximating a circular pattern while eliminating the gaps present between
adjacent circles. Honeycomb
20 Large cells that typically has 1 mile and 15 miles radius with base station transmit power 1W and 6 W.
Macrocells
21
The smallest cells that typically has radius of 1500 feet or less with base station transmit powers between 0.1
W and 1 W. Microcells
22 The process in which the same set of frequencies can be allocated to more than one cell, provided the cells
Frequency Reuse
are separated by sufficient distance.
23
A geographic cellular radio coverage area containing
three groups of cells. cluster
24 Typically equal to 3,7, or 12. Cluster size
25
The process of finding the tier with the nearest
co-channel cells. First Tier
26 Two cells using the same set of frequencies. Co-channel cells
27
The interference between the co-channels cells.
Adding radio channels to a system:
Decreasing the transmit power per cell
making cells smaller
filling vacated coverage areas with new cells
Co-channel Interference
28
The ratio of the cell radius and distance from the nearest co-channel cell
The ratio of the cell radius and distance from the nearest
co-channel cell 29 Channel next to one another in the frequency domain. Adjacent Channel 30 It results from imperfect filters in receivers that allow
nearby frequencies to enter the receiver. Adjacent-Channel Interference 31
Most prevalent when a mobile unit is receiving a weak
signal from the base station. Near-Far Effect
32
The area of a cell, or independent component coverage areas of cellular system is further subdivided thus
creating more areas. Cell Spliting
33
Occurs when number of the number of subscriber wishing to place a call at any given time equals the
number of channels in the cell. Maximum Traffic
Load 34 A condition occurs when a new call is initiated in an
area where all the channels are in use. Blocking
35
Smaller areas when a single omnidirectional antenna is replaced by several directional antennas, each radiating
within smaller area. Sectors
36 Using directional antennas. Sectoring
37 Placing two receive antennas one above the other. Space Diversity
38
A means of avoiding full-cell splitting where the entire area would otherwise need to be segmented into
smaller cells. Dualization
39
A means of avoiding co-channel interference, although it lowers the capacity of a cell by enabling reuse inside
the reuse distance which is normally prohibited. Segmentation 40 The locations of radio-frequency transceivers. It serves
are central control for all users within that cell. Base Stations 41 It handles all cell-site control and switching functions. Cell-Site
Controller
42
Occurs when a mobile unit moves from one cell to
another company’s service. Roaming
43
It controls channel assignment, call processing, call setup and call termination.
Different Names:
Electric Mobile Exchange (EMX)- Bell Lab.
AEX- Ericcson
NEAX-NEC
Switching Mobile Center (SMC)
Master Mobile Center (MMC)-Novatel
Mobile Switching Center- PCS networks
Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO)
44
The transfer of a mobile unit from one base station’s control to another base station’s control.
Four stages:
Initiation
Resource reservation
execution
completion Handoff
(Handover) 45 A connection that is momentarily broken during the
cell-to-cell transfer. It is a break before-make process.
Hard Handoff 46 A flawless hand off with no perceivable interruption of
service.
Soft Handoff 47 It is used by computers that is based on variations in
signal strength and signal quality.
Handoff Decision
48
Either the mobile unit or the network determines the need for a handoff and initiates the necessary network
procedures. Initiation
49 Appropriate network procedures reserve the resources
needed to support the handoff. Resources
Reservation 50 The actual transfer of control from one base station to
another base station takes place.
Execution 51 Execution Unnecessary network resources are
relinquish and made available to other mobile units.
Completion 52 Roaming from one company’s calling area into another
company’s calling area.
Interoperator Roaming
53
Stands for Electronics Industries
Association/Telecommunications Industry Association,
developed the IS-41 Protocol. EIA/TIA
54
It aligns with a subprotocol of the SS7 protocol stack that facilitates communications among database other
network entities. IS-41
55 Stands for Cellular Telecommunication Industry Association.
CITA